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"Patient with severe condition which single conventional orthodontic treatment cannot be carried out, it must be considered to undergo combination treatment between orthodontic and orthognathic surgery, so that patient's complaint about aesthetic, mastication and speech function can receive better correction. The aim of performing the orthodontic treatment before orthognathic surgery is to place teeth position ideally to the bone base before correcting the abnormality of its sceletal bone. After the orthognathic surgery there is still the orthodontic treatment to be done which has the aim to achieve good teeth occlusion, inclination and angulation. if possible comparable to the conditions described by Andrew in Six Keys of Normal Occlusion."

"In adult patients if the jaw discrepancy is too great to compensate for, and camouflage by tooth movement alone, surgery is the only way to obtain a resonable result. Before surgery, the orthodontist must establish not only anteropostrior and transverse position, but also the vertical position of the teeth. Inadequate orthodontic preparation can jeopardize the quality of the surgical result. Occlusion is important but satisfactory facial esthetic must accompany it. A good team work between orthodontist and oral surgeon is the key of succes of the treatment, which will be shown in case reports of 3 patients."

"SummaryA retrospective study of 13 Equinus feet of 10 patients ofCerebral Palsy that we were able to collect and review, betweenDecember 1985 and November 1988, has been done.Tendoachilles lengthening by the closed method for 5 feet of 3patients and open method for 8 feet of 7 cases in those patientshas been performed. The result in both methods are comparable. Although the number of cases of these· two methods were too smallfor statistical analysis the results find to inaicate that closed ·1method of Achil les Tendon Lengthening is a good procedure in childrenwith Cerebral Palsy.Achilles Tendon lengthening for Equi nus has been performed sinceAncient times using either an open or closed method.This is usually performed by an open Z or fractional lengthening ofthe tendon proper. In 1943, Whi te (5.7 ) was one of the firstproponents of · closed method. Nowadays, most of the surgeons havefound and consider the · sliding method of lengthening either by theWhite method or the Hoke method ( 1954} ··more controlled and verysatisfactory. However closed method is not a widely used method fortreatment of Equinus Contracture in Cerebral Pa1sy.This study reviews patients with C.P. who had closed or openmethod of Achi11es Tendon Lengthening in National University Hospitalbetween Cecember 1965 and November 1988."

"Asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan oleh perawat sangat mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang akan diterima oleh pasien. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan tersebut salah satunya dengan menerapkan peran ners spesialis. Tujuan penulisan Karya Ilmiah Akhir (KIA) ini adalah mampu menampilkan peran ners spesialis sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan lanjut, pembaharu dan peneliti. Metodologi dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan studi literature. Karya Ilmiah Akhir berisi tentang : penerapan teori Virginia Henderson pada pasien dengan Neglected Fracture Left Shaft Femur, penerapan Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) sebagai Evidance Based Nursing dan proyek inovasi yaitu Aplikasi Peran Perawat dalam Program Enhanced Recovery Orthopedic Surgery (EROS) pada Pasien Operasi Total Hip Replacement (THR). Hasil : Penerapan teori Virginia Henderson efektif diterapkan pada kasus muskuloskeletal. Intervensi Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) juga efektif dalam menurunkan Anxiety pasien. Kesimpulan : bahwa teori Virginia Henderson dapat digunakan pada pasien dengan Neglected Fracture Left Shaft Femur untuk meningkatkan kemandirian akibat perubahan fisik dan psikologis. Intervensi Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif intervensi keperawatan mandiri dalam membantu mengurangi Anxiety pasien fraktur ekstremitas yang akan di lakukan tindakan operasi elektif.

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Nursing care provided by nurses greatly influences the quality of health services patients will receive. Efforts are being made to improve the quality of nursing care, either is applying the role of specialist nurses. The purpose of this Final Scientific Writing is able to show the role of specialist ners as nurse care nurse, change agent and researcher Methodology and approach used is by using literature study. The final work contains: the application of Virginia Hendersons theory to patients with Neglected Fracture Left Shaft Femur, and the Application Progressive Muscle Relaxation as Evidance Based Nursing and innovation projects Application of the Role of Nurses in Enhanced Recovery Orthopedic Surgery (EROS) in Patient Surgery Total Hip Replacement (THR). Results: The application of Virginia Hendersons theory was effectively applied to musculoskeletal cases. The intervention of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is also effective in reducing patient anxiety. Conclusion: that Virginia Hendersons theory is appropriately used in patients with Neglected Fracture Left Shaft Femur to improve independence due to physical and psychological changes. The intervention of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) can be used as one of the alternative independent nursing interventions to help reduce Anxiety patients in limb fracture elective surgery."

"Identifikasi mengenai pemilihan Cefazolin sebagai antibiotik profilaksis pasien bedah ortopedi yang diterapkan di RSUD Tarakan Jakarta penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemberian antibiotik profilaksis yang telah diterapkan merupakan pilihan yang tepat atau terdapat alternatif antibiotik lain yang lebih baik dibandingkan Cefazolin jika dilihat dari tatalaksana umum yang berlaku. Perbandingan antara penerapan yang telah dilakukan RSUD Tarakan Jakarta dengan tatalaksana yang berlaku dilakukan agar apoteker dapat memahami alur pemberian antibiotik profilaksis yang tepat pada pasien bedah ortopedi. Pengamatan dilakukan secara retrospektif pada salah satu pasien di Gedung A lantai 4 unit OK Sentral lalu dilanjutkan saat pasien telah pindah kembali ke ruang rawat inap di Gedung A lantai 1 unit IGD RSUD Tarakan Jakarta. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa daftar pemakaian obat pasien. Hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis Cefazolin dari hasil observasi tanggal 22 Juni 2022 di unit OK Sentral RSUD Tarakan Jakarta pada pasien Ny. Y dengan diagnosis fraktur femur merupakan pilihan yang tepat. Hal ini dilihat dari perbandingannya dengan tatalaksana yang tercantum dalam ASHP. Selanjutnya, waktu pemberian antibiotik profilaksis Cefazolin 30-60 menit sebelum operasi dan dosis pemberian antibiotik profilaksis Cefazolin sebesar 2 gram pada pasien bedah ortopedi Ny. Y yaitu di RSUD Tarakan Jakarta telah sesuai dan tidak bertentangan dengan tatalaksana ASHP dimana untuk operasi bedah ortopedi diberikan Cefazolin dosis 2-3 gram untuk pasien dewasa dan waktu pemberian <60 menit sebelum operasi.

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Identification regarding the choice of Cefazolin as a prophylactic antibiotic for orthopedic surgery patients applied at the Tarakan Hospital Jakarta, is important to determine whether the prophylactic antibiotic that has been applied is the right choice or there are other antibiotic alternatives that are better than Cefazolin if seen from the general guideline that applied. A comparison between the implementation carried out by the Tarakan District Hospital in Jakarta and the existing guideline was carried out so that apothecary could understand the appropriate way of administering prophylactic antibiotics to orthopedic surgery patients. Observations were carried out retrospectively on one of the patients in Building A, 4th floor, OK Sentral unit, then continued when the patient had moved back to the inpatient room in Building A, 1st floor, ER unit, Tarakan Hospital Jakarta. This study uses secondary data in the form of a list of patient medication use. The results of the observations obtained revealed that the use of the prophylactic antibiotic Cefazolin from the results of observations on June 22 2022 in the Central OK unit of the Tarakan Regional Hospital, Jakarta in the patient Mrs. Y with a diagnosis of femur fracture is the right choice. This can be seen from the comparison with the management listed in ASHP. Furthermore, the time for giving Cefazolin prophylactic antibiotics is 30-60 minutes before surgery and the dose of Cefazolin prophylactic antibiotics is 2 grams for orthopedic surgery patients, Mrs. Y at Tarakan Regional Hospital Jakarta is appropriate and does not conflict with ASHP guidelines where for orthopedic surgery, a dose of 2-3 grams of Cefazolin is given for adult patients and the administration time is <60 minutes before surgery"

"Pendahuluan: Analisis hasil pengukuran baik linier dan angular pada parameter kesimetrisan dentokraniofasial merupakan hal yang penting dalam perawatan ortodonti dan bedah ortognati. Radiografik metode dua dimensi dan tiga dimensi dapat dijadikan pilihan dalam menganalisa hasil pengukuran kesimetrisan. Hasil pengukuran ini berfungsi dalam diagnosis, rencana perawatan, hingga evaluasi hasil perawatan. Belum ada penelitian mengenai perbedaan hasil pengukuran dengan kedua metode tersebut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil pengukuran linier dan anguler parameter kesimetrisan dentokraniofasial secara dua dimensi menggunakan sefalogram posteroanterior pada dari rekonstruksi CBCT dan secara tiga dimensi dari hasil CBCT. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada enam belas hasil CBCT pasien Asimetri. Sefalogram posteroanterior didapatkan dari hasil rekonstruksi CBCT. Pengukuran linier dan angular dilakukan pada radiograf Posteroanterior dan CBCT yang sama menggunakan 18 parameter. Uji Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) dilakukan untuk melihat reliabilitas interobserver dan intraobserver. Uji T berpasangan digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan kedua metode. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil pengukuran seluruh parameter menggunakan kedua metode kecuali pada parameter Puncak Cusp Molar Pertama Atas (U6CP) ke Orbita Line. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan hasil pengukuran hampir pada seluruh parameter kesimetrisan dentokraniofasial dengan metode dua dan tiga dimensi.

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Introduction: Analysis of linear and angular measurement of dentocraniofacial asymmetry parameters is essential in orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgery. The results of these mesurements can be used for diagnosis, treatment plan and evaluation of treatment. Two dimensional and three dimensional radiographic methods may be an option in analyzing asymmetry measurement results and there is no recent study about this matter.

Objective: This study was to determine the differences in linear and angular measurements of dentocraniofacial symmetry parameters in two dimensions on reconstructed posteroanterior cephalograms from CBCT and in three dimensions from CBCT itself.

Methods: This study was cross-sectional on sixteen CBCT of Asymmetry patients. A posteroanterior cephalogram was reconstructed from the CBCT. Linear and angular measurements were performed on the same Posteroanterior and CBCT radiographs using 18 parameters. The Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test was carried out to see interobserver and intraobserver reliability. The Pair T-Test is used to see the differences between the two methods.

Results: There are significant differences in measurement results of all parameters using those two methods except for the U6CP to Orbita Line parameters.

Conclusion: Even though there are significant differences in almost all linear and angular symmetry parameters measurements, the diagnostic results produced by both methods remain the same."

"Tesis ini membahas analisis dan perancangan Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) untuk robot ortopedi yang menggunakan metode Rod and Screw Correcive Manipulation (RSCM) dengan tujuan hasil analisis dan perancangan dapat dipergunakan untuk pembuatan prototipe. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahapan: analisis kebutuhan, analisis sistem dan perancangan sistem. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa masukan sistem ini didefinisikan sebagai nilai pengukuran yang dilakukan oleh robot ortopedi, dan keluarannya merupakan tampilan pada layar monitor yang memberikan nilai tekanan, besar sudut koreksi tulang belakang dan amplitudo keadaan syaraf. Proses untuk mendapatkan keluaran dibuat sesederhana mungkin sehingga proses berjalan cepat dan tepat.

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This thesis discusses the analysis and design of Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) for orthopedic robot using Rod and Screw Corrective Manipulation (RSCM) methods with the purpose, that the analysis and design can be used for prototyping. This research was carried out in phases: requirements analysis, system analysis and system design.

The results explained that the input defined as the value of measurements made by the orthopedic robot, and its output is the display on the monitor which gives the value of pressure, the angle of correction and the amplitude of spinal nerves. The process to get the output was made as simple as possible so the process goes quickly and accurately."

"Latar Belakang: Acetabuloplasty dengan bone graft merupakan salah satu tatalaksana adult congenital hip disease. Tindakan ini bertujuan memperbaiki defisiensi dinding acetabulum dan meningkatkan stabilitas implant. Namun, terdapat variasi dalam teknik, lokasi, dan jenis implant yang dapat dipasang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kekuatan konstruksi acetabuloplasty dengan pelbagai screw pada teknik bone graft kepala femur. Metode: Model pelvis 3D dibuat dengan simulasi defek containment 30% pada sisi antero-superior acetabulum. Rekonstruksi acetabuloplasty dibuat tulang kepala femur berbentuk angka 7 difiksasi dengan screw, diikuti uji finite element untuk menilai distribusi stres. Konstruk acetabuloplasty diaplikasikan pada tiga kelompok uji: A (2 screw cannulated ukuran 6.5 mm), B (2 screw cortical ukuran 4.5 mm), C (1 screw cannulated 6.5 mm + 1 screw cortical 4.5 mm). Spesimen diberi beban dari 50 hingga 750 N dengan peningkatan sebesar 100 N/detik sebagai simulasi single leg stance. FGM pada beban 750 N diukur menggunakan kamera. Kemudian dilakukan uji load to failure. Hasil: Kelompok sampel cannulated ukuran 6.5 mm lebih unggul secara significant pada uji load to failure dengan titik patah 2 kali lipat lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok lainnya (2191 N v 1206 N v 1065 N; p<0.01). Uji loading dengan 750 Newton juga menunjukkan bahwa kelompok A unggul dengan rerata pergeseran, peregangan, dan tilting terkecil di semua posisi marking kecuali pada tilting marking posterior superior. Sampel cannulated ukuran 6.5mm juga memiliki titik yield dan titik kekuatan maksimum terbesar. Sementara itu, kelompok B dan C memiliki hasil uji yang serupa satu sama lain. Tetapi, temuan ini tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0.05) Kesimpulan: Acetabuloplasty dengan bone graft adalah metode biomekanik yang aman untuk terapi definitif pada congenital adult hip disease. Pemilihan screw cannulated dengan ukuran diameter screw lebih besar memiliki keunggulan biomekanik bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok uji screw cortical maupun kombinasi antara kedua screw.

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Background: Acetabuloplasty using bone grafts is one of the treatment options for adult congenital hip disease. It aims to correct acetabular wall deficiencies and enhance pelvic implant stability. However, there are variations in the positions, types, and techniques of screw placements, leaving the fixation strength unknown. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the structural strength of acetabuloplasty with screws in femoral head bone graft techniques. Methods: A 3D pelvis model was created to simulate a 30% containment defect on the antero-superior aspect of the acetabulum. Acetabuloplasty reconstruction utilized a femoral head bone graft shaped like a "7," which was fixed with screws, followed by finite element analysis to assess stress distribution. The acetabuloplasty construct was applied to three test groups: A (2 cannulated screws - 6.5 mm), B (2 cortical screws - 4.5 mm), and C (1 cannulated screw - 6.5 mm + 1 non-cannulated screw - 4.5 mm). Specimens were subjected to loads ranging from 50 to 750 N, with increments of 100 N/sec to simulate single-leg stance. FGM at 750 N were measured using a camera. Then the specimens were subjected to loading until implant failure. Results: Group A with cannulated 6.5 mm screws are shown to be significantly better in the load-to-failure test with a mean breaking point twice larger than the other two groups (2191 N v 1206 N v 1065 N; p<0.01). Group A also shows superior results in the single- leg stance in all marking positions with the smallest displacement, stretch, and tilting -bar the posterior superior tilt. Group A also has the largest yield and maximum strength point. In comparison, groups B and C had similarly inferior results. However, the findings are statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Acetabuloplasty with bone graft is a biomechanically safe method for definitive treatment of adult congenital hip disease. Larger cannulated screws are shown to have a biomechanical advantage compared to cortical smaller screws or a combination of both screws."