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"Background: pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia remains poorly understood. Many factors such as gastric motility disorder, visceral hypersensitivity, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, psychological stress and excessive gastric acid secretion play roles in this symptom. Psychological stress may promote peptic ulcer and has an effect on ulcers-associated Hp. This study aimed to determine Helicobacter pylori activity and expression of mucosal IL 6 and their association with psychological stress. Methods: a cross-sectional study was done among 40 outpatients with dyspeptic syndromes in M. Djamil General Hospital and two community health centers in Padang. The subjects were divided into two groups, with and without psychological stress, which were identified using DASS 42. Gastric biopsy specimens and peripheral blood samples were taken while performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Immunohistochemistry methods was used to determine the expression of IL 6 and Hp in gastric mucosa. The correlation of each variable in the group experiencing psychological stress and non stress was analyzed using Chi square test. Results: there were 40 patients with functional dyspepsia with average age of 37.58(SD 11.82) years old. The cortisol levels were significantly different between both groups (non stress vs. stress groups); moreover, morning cortisol level in psychological stress group was higher beyond normal limit. Interleukin 6 expression, as the evidence of inflammatory activity, seemed higher in non stress group than the group with psychological stress (8.25% vs. 7.25%). Helicobacter pylori activity was seemed to be increased in the stress group as characterized by higher numbers of invasion to the sub mucosa epithelium compared to the non stress group (11 vs. 7 subjects). Conclusion: psychological stress seems to have no correlation with IL-6 in gastric mucous of patients with functional dyspepsia; however, there is an evidence of increasing activity of Helicobacter pylori."

"ABSTRAKPilot merupakan pekerjaan dengan tingkat stres yang tinggi. Sebagai orang yangmemiliki tanggung jawab besar terhadap keselamatan penerbangan usaha untukmengurangi stres pada pilot perlu dilakukan karena dapat mengganggu kinerjapilot. Psychological capital (PsyCap), yang terdiri dari self-efficacy, hope,resiliency, dan optimism ditemukan berhubungan negatif dengan stres kerja(Avey, Luthans, & Jensen, 2009). Di sisi lain, Cavanaugh, Boswell, Roehling, danBoudreau (2000) menemukan ada dua jenis stres kerja, yaitu stres kerja akibatsumber stres yang menantang (challenge stressor) dan stres kerja akibat sumberstres yang menghambat (hindrance stressor) yang disebut stres kerja dua dimensi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan arah hubungan antaraPsyCap dan kedua dimensi dari stres kerja tersebut. Hasil penelitian inimendapatkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara PsyCap dan keduadimensi stres kerja. Meskipun demikian, komponen resiliency dari PsyCapditemukan memiliki hubungan negatif yang signifikan pada dimensi challengedan dimensi hindrance hindrance dari stres kerja

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ABSTRACTPilot is a job with high stress level. As a personnel who has great responsibilitytowards aviation safety, effort to reduce pilots’ stress needs to be done becauseit can interfere with the pilots’ performance. Psychological capital (PsyCap),which consists of self-efficacy, hope, esiliency, and optimism was foundnegatively related to job stress (Avey, Luthans, & Jensen, 2009). On the otherhand, Cavanaugh, Boswell, Roehling, and Boudreau (2000) found there are twotypes of job stress, stress caused by challenging stressors and stress causedhindrance stressors, which is called two-dimensional job stress. This studyaimed to investigate the relationship and the direction of the relationshipbetween PsyCap and two dimensions of the job stress. The results of this studyshowed that the relationship between PsyCap and both dimensions of job stresswas non-significant. However, resiliency as one component of PsyCap wasfound to have a significant negative relationship with both dimension of jobstress."

"Buku yang berjudul "Stress and medical procedures" ini membahas tentang prosedur medis untuk menangani stress."