Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat kemampuan bertahan perusahaan pada industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia pada periode 2002-2006, yang merupakan periode dimana kebijakan PPN diterapkan terhadap komoditas kakao. Kebijakan ini diduga merupakan penyebab dari banyaknya perusahaan pengolahan kakao mati, padahal Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kakao terbesar ketiga di dunia. Selain itu penelitian ini juga melihat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi probabilita perusahaan bertahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Survival Model, penulis menggunakan analisa jangka waktu pendek dan panjang dalam kurun waktu 2002-2006 untuk melihat konsistensi model dalam periode waktu yang berbeda. Penelitian ini secara umum sejalan dengan temuan Evans (1987), dan mendukung hipotesa bahwa PPN berpengaruh terhadap banyaknya perusahaan pengolahan kakao yang mati.

---

The focus of this study is to observe firm survival in Indonesian cocoa processing industry in 2002-2006, which is the period when tax policy imposed to cocoa commodities. It is hypothesized that the policy lead to the extinct of the cocoa?s processing firm while the fact Indonesia is the 3rd biggest cocoa producing country of the world. Moreover this research is also focusing on the other factors that have impacts on the probability of firm?s survival. This research is using a survival model, the author is using short run period and long run period in 2002-2006 to support model consistency in different time period. Generally, the research agrees Evans (1987) findings and supports the hypothesis that tax policy has impacts on the extinction of numerous cocoa processing firms."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang faktor-faktor yangdapat menghambat perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia.Penelitian ini, khususnya, ditujukan untuk menganalisa perkembangan industripengolahan kakao di Indonesia setelah penerapan bea keluar terhadap ekspor bijikakao (bahan baku bagi produk-produk olahan kakao); bagaimana respon dariindustri tersebut dan bagaimana distribusi harga diantara para pelaku dalam rantainilai kakao-coklat di Indonesia.Pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam analisa penelitian ini.Analisa kualitatif digunakan untuk melihat secara deskriptif pola ekspor kakaoIndonesia, sebagai gambaran dari perkembangan industri pengolahan kakaoIndonesia. Selain itu, metode kualitatif juga digunakan untuk menganalisa rantainilai dari Kakao-Coklat di Indonesia. Analisa deskriptif juga dilakukan terhadaptrend harga biji kakao untuk melihat pembagian harga dan resiko antar pelakudalam rantai nilai kakao Indonesia akibat penerapan bea keluar ekspor biji kakaodan perubahan harga dunia biji kakao. Analisa kuantitatif dilakukan untuk melihatapakah penerapan bea keluar tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan industripengolahan kakao Indonesia, melalui penawaran ekspor dari produk-produkolahan kakao Indonesia.Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pasokan biji kakao yang tidak cukup untukpasar domestik, hambatan berupa bea masuk oleh negara-negara EU, danpermasalahan transportasi adalah permasalahan utama yang dapat menghambatperkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Dapat disimpulkan jugabahwa penerapan bea keluar untuk ekspor biji kakao adalah regulasi yang sangatefektif untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap ekspor bahan baku padaekspor produk kakao Indonesia dan mendorong pengolahan domestik kakaodengan peningkatan ekspor produk-produk olahan kakao. Selain itu, penerapanbea keluar dan fluktuasi harga dunia untuk biji kakao dipandang menguntungkanpemerintah dan industri pengolahan kakao, tapi menyebabkan kerugian bagieksporter biji kakao dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap petani. Namun, suatumekanisme penetapan harga yang lebih baik antara petani dan industri sertaefektifitas dari keberadaan asosiasi atau organisasi petani dapat menjadi solusiuntuk membuat petani memperoleh keuntungan dari penerapan bea keluartersebut

---

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition.;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition, This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition]"

"ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan produsen biji kakao ketiga terbesar di dunia . Namun kinerja industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia masih rendah sehingga nilai tambah yang tercipta belum optimal. Pengoptimalan nilai tambah dapat dilakukan dengan mengenali faktor-faktor yang menjadi determinannya. Periode pengamatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ingin melihat dampak dari krisis ekonomi 1998. Metode regresi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ordinary least square (OLS). Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pengunaan mesin, tenaga kerja merupakan determinan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Sedangkan untuk kapasitas utilisasi, dummy lokasi dan dummy krisis ternyata tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai tambah. Dalam menganalisis, tujuan penelitian ini dicapai dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif.

---

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the third largest producer of the cocoa seed in the world. But the work ethic in the cocoa processing industry in Indonesia is still not up to par hence there is no value added created. The addition of value can be done by learning about the factors that are its determinants. The time period that is used in this research wants to know about the effect of the economic crisis in 1998. The regression method that is used in this research is the ordinary least square (OLS). From the research it is concluded that machine usage, and labor were the determinant of the kokoa processing industry. As for capacity utilization, dummy location, and dummy crisis were not affecting the addition of value. The purpose of this research was done by qualitative and quantitative methods to complete the analysis."

"Industri mebel Klender adalah salah satu sentra produksi mebel yang berada di Jakarta. Penelitian ini mengkaji pola keruangan klaster industri mebel Klender berdasarkan tiga klasifikasi industri mebel yaitu industri mebel besar, sedang dan kecil menggunakan variabel jumlah dan asal tenaga kerja, asal bahan baku industri mebel, lokasi usaha pendukung, dan modal usaha. Dalam penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan teknik Stratified Random Sampling menghasilkan 104 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengklasteran industri mebel Klender belumlah sesuai dengan teori yang dikemukakan Porter. Asal tenaga kerja industri mebel Klender berasal berasal luar klaster Klender. Modal usaha hanya berasal dari masing masing pengusaha mebel. Hubungan yang terbentuk di dalam klaster mebel Klender adalah hubungan horizontal dan hubungan secara tidak langsung yang terjalin dalam penggunaan fasilitas maupun proses pemenuhan kebutuhan industri. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka klaster belum dapat memberikan dampak pada masing masing industri mebel besar, sedang dan kecil.

---

Klender furniture industry is one of the furniture production center was known in Jakarta. This study examines spatial patterns of industrial clusters based on three classification Klender furniture furniture industry furniture industry is large, medium and small using a variable amount and origin of labor, raw materials from the furniture industry, supporting the business locations and venture capital. In this study, using Stratified Random Sampling technique to produce 104 samples.

The results show that clustering is not yet appropriate Klender furniture industry. Originally Klender furniture industry workforce comes from outside the cluster Klender. Venture capital only from each employer furniture. Relationships formed within the furniture cluster Klender is horizontal linkages and indirect relationships that exists in the use of facilities and processes meet the needs of industry. Based on this, the cluster has not been able to affect the furniture industry each large, medium and small."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji dampak penerapan kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao terhadap kinerja industri pengolahan kakao dan daya saing produk olahan kakao Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian, didapati bahwa sejak penerapan bea keluar terhadap biji kakao, industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia mengalami peningkatan kinerja, yang ditunjukkan lewat peningkatan nilai output, jumlah tenaga kerja, dan volume ekspor produk kakao olahan. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil estimasi dengan metode Ordinary Least Square, didapati bahwa sejak penerapan kebijakan bea keluar, daya saing produk olahan kakao Indonesia di pasar dunia mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya hubungan positif antara bea keluar dan nilai RCA sebagai variabel yang melambangkan daya saing. Namun demikian, ditemukan pula bahwa terjadi penurunan produksi biji kakao sejak bea keluar diberlakukan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan tersebut, penulis memberikan dua saran yaitu menjalankan kembali kebijakan gernas kakao untuk meningkatkan produksi kakao nasional serta melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai biaya dan manfaat dari penerapan bea keluar terhadap biji kakao.

---

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cocoa beans export tax policy on Indonesian cocoa processing industry performance and processed cocoa product competitiveness. The result shows that since the implementation of the export tax, the Indonesian cocoa processing industry performance is getting better. This is shown by the growth of industrial consumption on cocoa beans, output value, labour and processed cocoa export volume. On the other side, based on the estimation using Ordinary Least Square method, it is found that since the implementation of the tax, the Indonesian processed cocoa product competitiveness is higher than before. This was proved by the strong, positive correlation between the export tax and the RCA as a proxy for product competitiveness. Nevertheless, it is also found that since the implementation of the tax, Indonesian cocoa beans production is declining. Based on these findings, the author suggested that the goverment needs re-implement the "gernas kakao" policy to boost the national cocoa beans production and to conduct a further research to analyze the coca beans export tax policy cost and benefit."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai evaluasi kebijakan fasilitas pajak penghasilan untuk industri pengolahan kakao. Pembahasan ditujukan untuk menganalisis pencapaian tujuan kebijakan insentif pajak penghasilan berupa tax allowance atas industri pengolahan kakao berdasarkan efektivitas, kesamaan, dan ketepatan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka dan studi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa insentif pajak penghasilan berupa tax allowance kurang efektif dalam meningkatkan investasi di sektor industri pengolahan kakao, kebijakan tax allowance tersebut menimbulkan ketidakadilan pada distribusi kesempatan, biaya dan manfaat. Syarat yang ditentukan pada kebijakan tax allowance kurang tepat diberikan kepada industri pengolahan kakao.

---

This research discussed about the evaluation of the policy of tax for cocoa processing industry. The discussion was aimed to analyze the attainment of policy objectives of tax incentive as tax allowance of cocoa processing industry based on effectiveness, equality, and appropriateness. The research was a qualitative research and used literature and field study as data collection techniques. The results of the research showed that the tax incentive as tax allowance is less effective on increasing the investment in cocoa processing industry sector. The policy of tax allowance caused inequality on the distribution of opportunities, costs, and benefits. The requirement defined in tax allowance policy is less appropriate to be given for cocoa processing industry."

"Skripsi ini menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi derajat integrasi vertikal perusahaan pada industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia serta menilai pengaruh derajat integrasi vertikal tersebut terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi Least Square untuk data panel enam puluh dua perusahaan selama tahun 2002-2006. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa integrasi vertikal didorong oleh faktor biaya-biaya transaksi, fluktuasi permintaan, dan faktor-faktor lain. Integrasi vertikal secara umum juga terbukti memberi dampak efisiensi pada struktur biaya."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh rancangan usulan cluster scorecard sebagai kerangka pengukuran kinerja dan perencanaan strategi pengembangan klaster industri baja. Tahapan yang digunakan adalah penerjemahan visi, misi, tujuan dan strategi klaster, penentuan sasaran strategis dan ukuran kinerja, pemilihan perspektif dan indikator cluster scorecard, pembobotan perspektif dan indikator terpilih menggunakan analytical hierarchy process, perencanaan serta penetapan target masing-masing KPI dan menyelaraskan inisiatif-inisiatif strategis. Hasil akhir dari perancangan adalah kerangka cluster scorecard dengan perspektif skill, knowledge, economic dan cluster process yang akan digunakan untuk pengukuran kinerja klaster.

---

The objective of this research is to obtain the cluster scorecard proposed design as performance measurement framework and strategy development planning of steel industry cluster. Stages of the translation used is the vision, mission, goals and strategy cluster, the determination of strategic goals and measure performance, the selection indicator cluster perspective and scorecard, weighting perspective and using the indicators selected Hierarchy Process analytical, planning and determination of the target each KPI and coordinate initiatives - strategic initiatives. The end result of the design is a cluster framework scorecard perspective with skill, knowledge, economic and cluster process that will be used for measuring the performance cluster."