Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Drospirinone merupakan jenis progestogen generasi baru yang memiliki khasiat antimineralokortikoid. Progestogen jenis ini telah digunakan sebagai komponen kontrasepsi kombinasi. Kontrasepsi kombinasi generasi lama mengandung komponen progestogen turunan testosteron. Progestogen jenis ini tidak memiliki khasiat antimineralokortikoid, sehingga menyebabkan retensi cairan. akibatnya, wanita yang menggunakan pil kombinasi jenis ini sering mengeluh sakit kepala, nyeri payudara, nyeri betis, peningkatan berat badan dan tekanan darah. Karena memiliki sifat androgenik, maka pil kontrasepsi kombinasi yang mengandung progestogen turunan testosteron dapat menimbulkan jerawat dan muka berminyak. Kontrasepsi kombinasi yang mengandung drospirinone tidak menyebabkan sakit kepala, nyeri payudara, nyeri betis, peningkatan berat badan dan tekanan darah. Drospirinone memiliki sifat antiandrogenik yang sangat kuat, sehingga tidak menimbulkan jerawat dan muka berminyak. Sebagai tambahan, kombinasi etinil estradiol dan drospirinone dapat dipakai mengobati sindroma pra-haid dan nyeri haid, serta drospirinone tidak mempengaruhi metabolisme lipid dan karbohidrat. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 190-3)

---

Drospirinone is a new generation of progestogen that possesses antimineralocorticoid effect. Progestogen of this type has been used as a component in combined contraceptives. The combined contraceptives of old generation contained progestogen component of testosterone derivative. Progestogen of this type does not have antimineralcorticoid effect, such that it could cause fluid retention. As a result, women who used combined pills of this type often complained of headache, breast pain, calf pain, increased body weight and blood pressure. Owing to its androgenic effect, combined contraception pills that contained testosterone-derived progestogen may cause acne and oily face. Combined contraception that contains drospirinone does not cause headache, breast pain, calf pain, increased body weight and blood pressure. Drospirinone has such a strong anti-androgenic nature that it does not result in acne and oily face. In addition, combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirinone can be used for treating pre-menstrual syndrome and menstrual pain. Drospirinone does not affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 190-3)"

"Untuk pengobatan dan pencegahan pada wanita menopause akibat kekurangan hormon estrogen adalah dengan pemberian hormon estrogen yang dikenal dengan istilah hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Cara pemberian HRT yang banyak digunakan adalah berupa tablet. Pemberian tablet akan terjadi metabolisme di usus dan hati. Tablet harus digunakan setiap hari sehingga menimbulkan kebosanan dan menimbulkan gangguan gastrointestinal. Pemberian berupa jel cukup dioles di badan dan tidak terjadi metabolisme di usus dan hati. Pada wanita dengan uterus, estrogen harus dikombinasikan dengan progestogen. Jenis progestogen yang dianjurkan adalah jenis turunan alamiah dan yang memiliki sifat antimineralokortikoid, sehingga tidak menyebabkan retensi cairan. Salah satu jenis progestogen yang tidak menyebabkan retensi cairan adalah nomogestrol acetate. Nomogestrol acetate juga menghambat enzim 17β Hidroksisteroiddehydrogense tipe 1 sehingga estradiol (E2) tidak dapat diubah menjadi estron (E1). Akibatnya kadar E2 di dalam jaringan payudara rendah dan dengan sendirinya menurunkan risiko kanker payudara. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 194-8)

---

The treatment and prevention of disease in menopausal women due to deficiency of estrogen hormone are done through the administration of estrogen hormone, known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The administration of HRT is commonly done through the administration of tablets. However, the administration of tablet will result in metabolism in the colon and liver. Tablets are usually used on a daily basis such that it may lead to boredom and results in gastrointestinal disorder. The administration of gel, on the other hand, is done by applying the gel to the body and therefore metabolism in the colon and liver can be prevented. In women with uterus, estrogen must be combined with progestogen. The type of progestogen recommended is the one with natural derivative and which possesses antimineralocorticoid properties, such that fluid retention can be avoided. One of the types of progestogen which does not result in fluid retention is nomogestrol acetate. Nomogestrol acetate will also inhibit 17β hydrosisteroiddehydrogency enzyme type 1, such that estradiol (E2) is prevented from being transformed into estron (E1). As a result, E2 level in the breast tissue is kept at minimum, thereby reducing the risk of breast cancer. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 194-8)"

"Demand for on-site and alternative power generation is growing, fuelled by government and public pressure to increase generation from renewable sources and energy efficient plant, and by the potential economic benefits resulting from privatisation and deregulation of the supply sector. This book is a practical, course-derived guide that covers all aspects of embedded (or dispersed) generation, from prime mover characteristics to network reliability modelling. Topics include power quality, protection, reliability and economics. It is essential reading for practising engineers planning, designing or specifying embedded generation solutions."