Todorova, Elissaveta
The Bulgarians in the ottoman empire
Sofia press, 1987
 Buku Teks
Somel, Selcuk Aksin
Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire
Scarecrow Press, 2012
 Buku Teks
Faroqhi, Suraiya, 1941-
The Ottoman Empire and the world around it
I.B. Tauris, 2016
 Buku Teks SO
Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
edited by Gabor Agoston, Bruce Masters
Facts On File, 2009
 Buku Referensi
Hanioglu, M. Sükrü
A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire
Princeton univ. press, 2010
 Buku Teks