Glioma adalah tumor yang bermula dari tulang belakang atau otak yang berasal dari sel glial, dan merupakan salah satu keganasan yang sering ditemukan di Indonesia. TGF-I²1 mempunyai peran yang penting dalam mengontrol homeostasis jaringan dan peranjakan keganasan kanker, oleh sebab itu TGF-I²1 mempunyai potensi untuk menjadi biomarker untuk membedakan antar glioma keganasan tinggi dan rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis ekspresi relatif TGF-I²1 glioma tingkat tinggi dan rendah, untuk melihat potensi menjadi biomarker. Dalam eksperimen terdapat 28 sampel yang digunakan dalam studi ini,16 jaringan dengan keganasan rendah, 10 dengan keganasan tinggi dan 2 jaringan otak normal yang didapat dari Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Indonesia. Jaringan telah digolongkan berdasarkan klasifikasi yang diberikan oleh World Health Organization, derajat 1 dan 2 sebagai keganasan rendah dan derajat 3 dan 4 sebagai derajat tinggi. Ekspresi relatif dari TGF-I²1 dianalisa menggunakan Real-Time RT PCR dengan 18sRNA sebagai houskeeping gene. Dari hasil terlihat bahwa adanya penurunan ekspresi relatif TGF-I²1 di glioma keganasan tinggi saat dibandingkan dengan ekspresi di glioma keganasan rendah. Tetapi setelah dianalisis secara statistik, hasil penemuan ini tidak signifikan. Kegunaan dari TGF-I²1 sebagai biomarker belum terbukti, maka dari itu studi lebih lanjut harus dilakukan untuk menjelaskan fungsi dari TGF-I²1 sebagai biomarker untuk glioma.
......Glioma is a term used to describe tumors which originate from the spinal cord or brain, specifically the glial cells. This type of tumor is one of the most commonly found brain malignancies in Indonesia. TGFI²1 has a key role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and progression of cancer, due to this fact TGF-I²1 has the potential as a tissue biomarker to differentiate low grade and high grade gliomas. The goal of this study is to analyze the relative expression of TGF-²1 in both high grade and low grade glioma to explore its potential as a biomarker. In the experiment there was a total of 28 samples, 16 low grade glioma, 10 high grade glioma and 2 normal brain tissue obtained from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia. The sample was categorized to low grade and high grade glioma based on the guideline given by the World Health Organization. Grades 1 and 2 are considered to be low grade gliomas and grades 3 and 4 are considered to be high grade gliomas. The relative expression of TGF-I²1was measured through Real-Time RT-PCR with 18sRNA as a housekeeping gene. It was seen that there was a decrease in the expression of TGF-I²1 in high grade glioma as to low grade glioma. However, when the result was analyzed it is proven to be statistically insignificant.The role of TGF-I²1 as a definitive biomarker for glioma grading is yet to be proven, therefore further research must be conducted to elaborate the role of the gene as a glioma biomarker.
Kata kunci: Vanillylmandelic Acid, Tumor Neuroendokrin, Neuroblastoma, Pheochromocytoma, Paraganglioma. ......Background: Cancer prevalence in Indonesia increased to 1.8 per 1000 population in 2018. Early diagnosis is needed to reduce mortality rate. One of the ways to diagnose tumors is by examining tumor markers, such as vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). VMA is catecholamine metabolites which will increase their production in several neuroendocrine tumors. Catecholamine level can be influenced by age and gender. There is no data about proportion of positive VMA in urine of patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumors in Jakarta and the association of VMA in urine with age and gender. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of positive VMA in urine of patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumors and its association with age and gender. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study design. Secondary data were collected in the form of VMA examination forms and result sheets from patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumors in the period 2010 to April 2019. Data were obtained from the Department of Biochemimstry and Molecular Biology, FKUI. Collection of secondary data conducted in October 2019 with a total of 295 study subjects. Qualitative examination of urinary VMA used spot test method. Positive examination result showed levels of VMA in urine >8mg/24 hours, while negative result showed levels of VMA in urine 8mg/24 hours. Inclusion criteria were subject data with a provisional diagnosis of neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and paraganglioma. Results: The proportion of positive VMA in urine of suspected neuroendocrine tumor patients in this study was 14,2% (CI95%, 10,2 – 18,2%). Analysis of the association between VMA in urine and age result was p value 0,023. P value form analysis of the association between VMA in urine and gender was 0,885. Conclusion: There is an association between VMA in urine with age and there is no association between VMA in urine with gender.
Keywords: Vanillylmandelic Acid, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Neuroblastoma, Pheochromocytoma, Paraganglioma.