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Danar Tri Kusuma Ramdani
Abstrak :
Berbagai literatur mengemukakan bahwa joint attention merupakan defisit yang khas dialami anak dengan autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Joint attention merupakan dasar utama dari perkembangan sosial-komunikasi anak, dan anak dengan ASD umumnya mengalami masalah dalam hal ini (Volkmar, 2007). Pivotal response training (PRT) merupakan salah satu bentuk intervensi yang dapat diterapkan untuk membantu anak dengan ASD meningkatkan kemampuan joint attention. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain single-subject untuk melihat apakah penerapan PRT secara efektif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan joint attention pada anak dengan ASD. Penerapan teknik PRT akan dilakukan oleh ibu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan perilaku joint attention setelah diterapkannya intervensi PRT oleh ibu.
Various literatures have been explaining that joint attention deficiency is unique to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Joint attention is the main fundamental for social-communication development of children, and children with ASD usually have problem with this skill (Volkmar, 2007). Pivotal response training (PRT) is one of the interventions that can be used to increase joint attention skill. This current study used single-subject design to find whether PRT is effective to increase joint attention skill for child with ASD. PRT intervention is used by the mother. Results indicated the increase of joint attention after PRT intervention have been used.
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2013
T32955
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Monika Vania
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pembelajaran di sekolah merupakan hal penting bagi perkembangan fisik, kognitif, dan sosial anak (Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2009). Perkembangan pada ketiga aspek ini umumnya akan menjadi kurang optimal ketika anak menunjukkan SRB. Penelitian dengan menggunakan single-subject design ini menerapkan contingency contract untuk meningkatkan frekuensi perilaku bersekolah pada seorang anak laki-laki berusia 5 tahun 11 bulan. SRB yang ia tunjukkan dilatarbelakangi oleh motif untuk memperoleh hal-hal yang menyenangkan di luar sekolah. Intervensi dilakukan sebanyak 19 sesi. Ketika anak menunjukkan perilaku bersekolah, anak akan memperoleh positive reinforcement yang telah disepakati. Demikian pula sebaliknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan anak dapat pergi ke sekolah pada 17 sesi intervensi tanpa memunculkan masalah perilaku. Hasil ini sesuai dengan kriteria keberhasilan program sebesar 90%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan contingency contract dalam penelitian ini cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan perilaku bersekolah pada anak.
ABSTRACT
Learning at school is an important process for children’s physical, cognitive, and social development (Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2009). Development on these aspects will be less optimal when the child shows SRB. Using single-subject design, this research utilized contingency contract to increase the frequency of going to school behavior on a 5-years-11-months-old boy, who refused to go to school in order to pursue tangible reinforcement outside the school setting. The intervention was conducted in 19 sessions. When the boy showed going to school behavior, he would get positive reinforcement due to the agreement in the contract, and vice versa. The result indicated that the boy could go to school for 17 sessions without showing behavior problems. This intervention was considered successful because it fullfilled the minimum criteria for program success, which was 90% of attendance. Thus it can be concluded that the application of contingency contract in this research was effective to increase going to school behavior.
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2013
T34890
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dinda Aisha
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk meningkatkan self esteem Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak laki laki usia 10 tahun yang memiliki self esteem rendah Self esteem diukur dengan menggunakan skala Self Perception Profile for Children dari Susan Harter 2012 dan didukung dari hasil wawancara dengan orang tua Intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan self esteem yang rendah terdiri dari empat tahapan Tahap pertama yaitu pra intervensi dilakukan sebanyak dua sesi Tahap kedua yang berisipsikoedukasi kepada orang tua terkait dengan peran orang tua dalam mendukung intervensi CBT dilakukansebanyak dua sesi Tahap ketiga yaitu tahap intervensi terdiri dari 12 sesi Tahap keempat yaitu post intervensi diberikan sebanyak dua sesi Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan self esteem terutama pada domain kemampuan sosial kemampuan atletik penampilan fisik dan self esteem secara keseluruhan Peran orang tua yang mampu menerapkan teknik SUPPORT Show Understand Patient Prompt Observe Reward Talk diduga turut mendukung keberhasilan intervensi yang sudah dilakukan pada anak ......The aim of this study was to know the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to increase self esteem The participant of this study is a 10 years old boy who has low self esteem Self esteem was measured by Self Perception Profile for Children from Susan Harter 2012 and supported by interviewing with parents Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT that wasdoneconsisted of four stages Stage one that was pre intervention consisted of two sessions Stage two that includedpsychoeducation to parents about their roles to support CBT to their child consisted of two sessions Stage three was the intervention to the child that consisted of 12 sessions Stage four that was post intervention consisted of two sessions The result of this study showed thatCBTcould increase self esteem especially insocial competence athletic competence physical appearance and global self esteem Parent rsquo s role to apply SUPPORT technique Show Understand Patient Observe Reward Talk was predicted supportingthe success of this intervention
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T38918
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yulita Patricia Semet
Abstrak :
Perilaku agresif pada anak merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya penolakan dari teman sebaya yang dapat menurunkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar anak di sekolah. Anak dengan perilaku agresif kurang mampu menyelesaikan masalah dengan orang lain secara positif, sehingga hubungan sosialnya pun terganggu. Tesis ini menerapkan social skills training (SST) dengan single-case design untuk meningkatkan keterampilan emosional dan sosial anak. Partisipan penelitian adalah anak perempuan usia 5 tahun 7 bulan dengan perilaku agresif. Terapi diberikan sebanyak delapan sesi yang masing-masing berlangsung kurang lebih 30-40 menit. Sesi terapi dilaksanakan dua hari sekali. Hasilnya adalah SST tidak efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial anak. Setelah diberi SST, perilaku agresif anak masih bertahan dan skornya dalam skala aggressive behavior dari alat ukur Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) tetap berada dalam rentang yang membutuhkan perhatian klinis. ......Child aggressive behavior is a risk factor in peer rejection that can lower child's motivation and academic achievement at school. Children with aggressive behavior are less capable in solving problem positively, hence disturbed relationship with others. This thesis applies social skills training (SST) with single-case design to increase child’s emotional and social skills. Subject is 5 years 7 months old girl with aggressive behavior. Eight sessions of therapy were conducted with 30-40 minutes in each session, held once in every two days. The result was SST ineffective to increase subject’s social skill. Subject’s aggressive behavior persists after SST and her score in aggressive behavior scale from Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) remains in clinical range.
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T39326
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yessica Kristanti Paramita Putri
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Seorang anak perlu menguasai kesiapan sekolah sebelum ia masuk Sekolah Dasar. Salah satu aspek kesiapan sekolah yang perlu dikuasai adalah keterampilan sosial, khususnya perilaku terkait tugas. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas program modifikasi perilaku dengan metode social modeling dan token economy untuk meningkatkan perilaku terkait tugas di kelas anak. Desain yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttest control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ini cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan perilaku terkait tugas subjek di kelas dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terutama pada perilaku mengikuti instruksi verbal guru selama kegiatan di kelas dan mengarahkan pandangan mata ke arah guru selama guru mengajar.
ABSTRACT
A child should have a school readiness before entering the elementary school. The one of school readiness’ aspect that a child should mastering is a social behavior, especially task related behavior. The objective of this present research is discovering the effectiveness of a behavior modification program with social modeling dan token economy to increase task related of behavior of a child in the classroom. The research uses pretest-posttest control group design. The result shows that the program is effective to increase task related behavior on subject in the classroom and there are significance differences in following teacher’s verbal instructions during class’ activity and paying attention to the teacher when she teaches the subject. Key words : behavior modification, early childhood, school readiness,
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T39023
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Gerry Olvina Faz
Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas mengenai penerapan program cognitive behavioral therapy yang didasarkan pada program think good feel good untuk melihat peningkatan self esteem pada remaja putera dengan perilaku menarik diri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian single case dengan desain pre test-intervensi-post test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program CBT ini mampu mengubah core beliefdan akhirnya meningkatkanself esteem remaja dengan perilaku menarik diri. Terdapat beberapa saran yang dikemukakan di dalam penelitian ini yaitu terkait dengan perlunya psikoedukasi bagi orangtua dan menjadikan orangtua sebagai co-terapis sehingga meski program berakhir klien tetap mendapatkan dukungan secara sosial. ......The thesis deals with cognitive behavioral therapyprogram application which is based on think good feel good program in order to observe enchanced self-esteemof male adolescent with withdrawal behavior. Research currently held during the thesis preparation is of single case with pre-test-intervention-post-test design. Results obtained reveals that the CBT program is capable of modifying the core belief and thereby enhancing self-esteem of male adolescent with withdrawal behavior. Several suggestions are, then, offered, including parents requiring to have psychoeducation and act as co-therapist that will be continuously providing social support to clients despite the program is terminated.
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T41756
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Puspa Rahayu Utami Rahman
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mengelola marah pada anak usia sekolah yang agresif dengan penerapan anger management dengan pendekatan cognitive behavioral. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak laki-laki berusia 8 tahun yang memiliki kesulitan dalam mengelola marah yang termanifestasi dalam bentuk perilaku agresif. Program intervensi yang diterapkan mengacu pada program anger management dengan pendekatan cognitive-behavioral yang disusun oleh Novaco (Beck & Fernandez, 1998; Westbrook, Kennerly, & Kirk, 2007; Cavell & Malcolm, 2007) dan dilengkapi dengan materi psikoedukasi orangtua yang disusun berdasarkan materi CDI (child-directed interaction) dan PDI (parent-directed interaction) dalam PCIT (parent-child interaction therapy) oleh McNeil dan Hembree-Kigin (2010). Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi melalui wawancara orangtua dan subjek, self rating berupa anger thermometer dan thought thermometer, self monitoring berupa anger log dan diary, dan penggunaan skala perilaku CBCL (child behavioral checklist) yang diisi oleh ibu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan anger management dengan pendekatan cognitive behavioral dapat meningkatkan keterampilan mengelola marah, yang dilihat dari beberapa aspek, yaitu aspek pemikiran berupa perubahan pikiran negatif menjadi positif, aspek perasaan berupa tidak mudah terpancing kemarahan atas keinginan yang tidak terpenuhi, dan aspek perilaku berupa menerapkan relaksasi progressive muscle dan komunikasi asertif dalam mengekspresikan kemarahan. ......The aim of this research is to improve skill on management of anger in aggressive school-aged child through applying Anger Management based on Cognitive Behavioral approach. The participant of this research is a eight-year-old boy who has difficulty in managing his anger that manifested in aggressive behavior. The program of this research refers to anger management based on cognitive-behavioral approach developed by Novaco (Beck & Fernandez, 1998; Westbrook, Kennerly, & Kirk, 2007; Cavell & Malcolm, 2007) and equipped with a parent psychoeducation based on CDI (child-directed interaction) and PDI (parent-directed interaction) in PCIT (parent-child interaction therapy) by McNeil & Hembree-Kigin (2010). Measurements were taken before and after intervention program through interviews, self rating such as anger thermometer and thought thermometer, self monitoring such as anger log and diary, and behavior scale such as CBCL (child behavioral checklist). The results of this study indicate that anger management based on cognitive behavioral approach is succeed in order to improve the anger management skill. These results are viewed from various aspects, such as aspects of thought is negative thought change into positive thought, aspects of feeling is not easily upset over unfulfilled desire, and aspects of behavior is applying progressive muscle relaxation and assertive communication in expressing anger.
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T41736
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fanny Angelia
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pada saat seorang anak memasuki sekolah dasar ia diharapkan sudah dapat menunjukkan perilaku berorientasi terhadap tugas saat belajar di dalam kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan metode self-monitoring untuk meningkatkan perilaku berorientasi terhadap tugas pada anak kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar. Desain yang digunakan adalah one group pre-test post-test design. Hasil penelitian menggunakan pengujian wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa metode self-monitoring efektif untuk meningkatkan perilaku berorientasi terhadap tugas pada 6 orang anak kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar dengan rentang usia 6-8 tahun.
ABSTRACT When children entering elementary school, they are expected to ready to start learning on demand. Children expected to show task orientation behavior when they were studied in the classroom. The objective of this present research is discovering the effectiveness of self-monitoring method to increase task orientation behavior for first grade students of elementary school. The research uses one group pre-test post-test design. The result from wilcoxon test shows that self-monitoring method is effective to increase task orientation behavior for 6 first grade students of elementary school with age between 6-8.
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T43186
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Irma Safitri
Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Kemampuan berpikir matematis pada anak sangat diperlukan untuk kehidupan di masa depannya. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi anak dalam kemampuan berpikir matematis adalah attentional focusing, working memory dan inhibitory control, ketiga hal ini dinamakan behavior self regulation. Behavior self regulation dengan kemampuan berpikir matematis pada anak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan, namun dalam penellitian sebelumnya ditemukan perbedaan korelasi antara kedua variabel tersebut. Hubungan antara guru dengan murid (teacher student relationship) yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan akademik anak. Dalam penelitian ini teacher student relationship diposisikan sebagai variabel moderator yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan dan menurunkan hubungan antara behavior self regulation dengan kemampuan matematika. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah teacher student relationship tidak berperan sebagai variabel moderator pada hubungan behavior self regulation dengan kemampuan berpikir matematis pada anak, tetapi hanya sebagai independen variabel (IV).
ABSTRACT
Mathematical thinking skills in children is necessary for life in the future. Some of the factors that affect children in the ability to think mathematically is attentional focusing, working memory and inhibitory control, these three so-called behavior self regulation. Behavior self regulation with the ability to think mathematically in children has a significant relationship, but in the previous penellitian correlation differences were found between the two variables.

The relationship between teachers and student are closeness for improving academic skills of children. In this research, teacher-student relationship is positioned as a moderator variable that serves to increase and decrease the relationship between behavior self regulation behavior with math skills. The results obtained in this study is the student teacher relationship is not acting as a moderator variable in the relationship behavior self regulation with abilities to think mathematically of children, but only as an independent variable (IV);Mathematical thinking skills in children is necessary for life in the future. Some of the factors that affect children in the ability to think mathematically is attentional focusing, working memory and inhibitory control, these three so-called behavior self regulation. Behavior self regulation with the ability to think mathematically in children has a significant relationship, but in the previous penellitian correlation differences were found between the two variables. The relationship between teachers and student are closeness for improving academic skills of children. In this research, teacher-student relationship is positioned as a moderator variable that serves to increase and decrease the relationship between behavior self regulation behavior with math skills. The results obtained in this study is the student teacher relationship is not acting as a moderator variable in the relationship behavior self regulation with abilities to think mathematically of children, but only as an independent variable (IV);Mathematical thinking skills in children is necessary for life in the future. Some of the factors that affect children in the ability to think mathematically is attentional focusing, working memory and inhibitory control, these three so-called behavior self regulation. Behavior self regulation with the ability to think mathematically in children has a significant relationship, but in the previous penellitian correlation differences were found between the two variables. The relationship between teachers and student are closeness for improving academic skills of children. In this research, teacher-student relationship is positioned as a moderator variable that serves to increase and decrease the relationship between behavior self regulation behavior with math skills. The results obtained in this study is the student teacher relationship is not acting as a moderator variable in the relationship behavior self regulation with abilities to think mathematically of children, but only as an independent variable (IV), Mathematical thinking skills in children is necessary for life in the future. Some of the factors that affect children in the ability to think mathematically is attentional focusing, working memory and inhibitory control, these three so-called behavior self regulation. Behavior self regulation with the ability to think mathematically in children has a significant relationship, but in the previous penellitian correlation differences were found between the two variables. The relationship between teachers and student are closeness for improving academic skills of children. In this research, teacher-student relationship is positioned as a moderator variable that serves to increase and decrease the relationship between behavior self regulation behavior with math skills. The results obtained in this study is the student teacher relationship is not acting as a moderator variable in the relationship behavior self regulation with abilities to think mathematically of children, but only as an independent variable (IV)]
2015
T42997
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Denia Putri Prameswari
Abstrak :
[Perceraian tidak hanya berdampak pada orang tua, melainkan juga pada anak dalam keluarga. Anak usia prasekolah merupakan mereka yang paling tertekan dalam menghadapi peristiwa tersebut. Dampak negatif perceraian pada anak dapat diminimalisir dengan pemberian pengetahuan sebelumnya. Pengetahuan mengenai perceraian, salah satunya dapat disampaikan melalui buku cerita bergambar. Sayangnya, di Indonesia peneliti belum menemukan buku cerita bergambar mengenai perceraian untuk anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas buku cerita bergambar dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan anak usia prasekolah mengenai perceraian. Penyusunan buku cerita bergambar dalam penelitian ini berdasar pada 3 sumber informasi, yaitu (1) studi literatur, (2) analisis buku cerita bergambar, dan (3) need assessment. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pre dan post test terhadap 5 partisipan yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Partisipan merupakan anak usia prasekolah yang orang tuanya sedang menjalani proses perceraian. Hasil analisa dengan paired sample t-test menunjukkan bahwa buku cerita bergambar secara signifikan meningkatkan pengetahuan anak usia prasekolah mengenai perceraian. Sebagai hasil analisa tambahan, orang tua partisipan mengaku lebih mudah menjelaskan perceraian kepada anaknya dengan menggunakan buku cerita. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, dapat dibuat buku cerita bergambar mengenai perceraian untuk anak pada tahapan usia yang berbeda atau dalam menghadapi peristiwa menantang lain;The impacts of divorce are not only felt by parents but also by children. Preschool children are the most distressed for facing parental divorce. The negative impacts of divorce on children can be minimized when children had pervious knowledge about the event. One of the method to give knowledge about divorce to children is through picture book. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, researchers have not found picture books for preschoolers about divorce. This study aims to test the effectiveness of picture book in increasing knowledge of preschool children about divorce. Formulation of picture books in this study is based on three sources of information: (1) the study of literature, (2) analysis of picture books, and (3) need assessment. This picture book that have been prepared, then used to test its effectiveness for increasing knowledge of preschool children about divorce. The test was conducted using pre and post test on 5 participants. The statistical method used in this study is paired sample t-test. The purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. The participants for this study are preschool children with parents that is undergoing divorce proceedings. The result shows that picture books in this study significantly increase preschool children's knowledge about divorce. As an additional result, parents find it easier to explain divorce to their children using the picture book from this study. For further study, researcher can make another picture book about divorce for children at different age or to face another challenging situation in life. , The impacts of divorce are not only felt by parents but also by children. Preschool children are the most distressed for facing parental divorce. The negative impacts of divorce on children can be minimized when children had pervious knowledge about the event. One of the method to give knowledge about divorce to children is through picture book. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, researchers have not found picture books for preschoolers about divorce. This study aims to test the effectiveness of picture book in increasing knowledge of preschool children about divorce. Formulation of picture books in this study is based on three sources of information: (1) the study of literature, (2) analysis of picture books, and (3) need assessment. This picture book that have been prepared, then used to test its effectiveness for increasing knowledge of preschool children about divorce. The test was conducted using pre and post test on 5 participants. The statistical method used in this study is paired sample t-test. The purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. The participants for this study are preschool children with parents that is undergoing divorce proceedings. The result shows that picture books in this study significantly increase preschool children's knowledge about divorce. As an additional result, parents find it easier to explain divorce to their children using the picture book from this study. For further study, researcher can make another picture book about divorce for children at different age or to face another challenging situation in life. ]
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T43874
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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