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"Latar belakang: Limfadenopati servikal merupakan pembesaran kelenjar getah bening >1 cm di regio servikalis. Etiologi bervariasi, di negara maju 70% merupakan kasus limfadenitis reaktif, sedangkan di negara berkembang 56,67% merupakan infeksi tuberkulosis. Belum ada penelitian di Indonesia tentang hal ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil kejadian limfadenopati servikal pada anak di Klinik Rawat Jalan RSCM Kiara, Jakarta. Metode: Desain potong lintang deskriptif pada 6126 subyek usia 1 bulan – 18 tahun, didapatkan 93 subyek mengalami limfadenopati servikal. Subyek kemudian dianamnesis dan diikuti proses diagnosisnya. Hasil: Prevalens limfadenopati servikal adalah 1,5%. Dari 93 subyek, 70% limfadenopati servikal bukan sebagai keluhan utama. Gejala konstitusional tersering adalah demam (43%), malaise (37,6%) dan penurunan berat badan (36,5%). Sebagian besar limfadenopati berukuran 1,1-2 cm, jamak, lokasi di anterior, 25,8% teraba berkonglomerasi dan terfiksasi, nyeri tekan hanya 2,1%. Diagnosis medis terbanyak adalah infeksi tuberkulosis (35,5%), keganasan (20,5%) dan hanya 2,1% yang merupakan kasus limfadenitis servikal akut. Biopsi dilakukan pada 28 subyek (FNAB/biopsi jaringan), 35,7% merupakan infeksi tuberkulosis, 25% kasus keganasan dan 14,2% merupakan radang kronik non-spesifik. Kesimpulan: Prevalens limfadenopati servikal pada anak sebesar 1,5% dengan diagnosis medis dan hasil biopsi terbanyak adalah kasus infeksi tuberkulosis.

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Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is an enlargement of lymph node > 1 cm in the cervical region. Etiology varies, in developed countries 70% are reactive lymphadenitis, whereas in developing countries 56.67% are tuberculosis infections. No studies in Indonesia about this topic.

Aim: To know the profile children with cervical lymphadenopathy in Outpatient Clinic, RSCM Kiara, Jakarta.

Method: Descriptive cross-sectional design on 6126 subjects aged 1 month – 18 years, found 93 subjects experiencing cervical lymphadenopathy. These subjects underwent interviews and the diagnosis process observed.

Result: Prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy is 1.5%. From 93 subject, 70% cervical lymphadenopathy is not the main complaint. The most often constitutional symptoms are fever (43%), malaise (37.6%) and weight loss (36.5%). Most of the lymphadenopathy are 1.1-2 cm in size, multiple, location in anterior, 25.8% felt to be conglomerated and fixed, only 2.1% are tenderness. Most common medical diagnoses were tuberculosis infections (35.5%), malignancies (20.5%) and only 2.1% are acute cervical lymphadenitis. Biopsy was done to 28 subject (FNAB/open biopsy) 35,7% are tuberculosis infections, 25% are malignancies and 14,2% are non-specific chronic inflammation.

Conclusion: Prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy in children is 1,5% and the most often medical diagnose and biopsy profile are tuberculous infection."

"Latar belakang: Identifikasi dan deteksi dini keterlambatan perkembangan anak sampai usia 3 tahun membutuhkan alat uji penapisan yang sahih dan andal serta mudah diaplikasikan orangtua. Kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 belum teruji di Indonesia sehingga ASQ-3 belum digunakan secara luas sebagai alat uji penapisan perkembangan anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesahihan dan keandalan ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu adaptasi transkultural, modifikasi dan tranlasi kuesioner ASQ-3 versi orginal ke bahasa Indonesia. Tahap kedua, kuesioner bahasa Indonesia yang sudah final, diuji ke 30 subyek dari 5 kelompok umur (24,27,30,33,36 bulan). Uji kesahihan dengan menggunakan koefisien korelasi, uji keandalan dengan konsistensi internal dan keandalan inter-rater. Hasil: Uji kesahihan dengan koefisien korelasi kuat di domain komunikasi usia 24 bulan (0,908), domain motor kasar usia 24 bulan (0,860), domain motor kasar usia 36 bulan (0,865). Uji keandalan dengan Alpha Cronbach ialah baik (0,673-0,825) dengan keandalan inter-rater yang sangat baik (0,916). Kesimpulan: ASQ-3 bahasa Indonesia sahih dan andal sebagai alat uji penapisan keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan.

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Background: Identification of children with developmental disabilities is critical step in providing early intervention services. Ages and Stages Questionnaires third edition (ASQ-3), a parent-report questionnaires has been proven to be a valid and reliable screening test and good psychometric properties. This test has not been validated and standardized before in Indonesia.

Aim: To provide the validated and reliability form of the Indonesian version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of 24-36 months Indonesian children's development.

Method: Cross sectional study divided into two parts. First part included the adaptation, transcultural, and translation ASQ-3 original version to Indonesian version. Second part, final form of Indonesian ASQ-3 was performed for 30 children from 5 age groups (24,27,30,33,36 months). In order to determine validity of the questionnaires using correlation coefficient, and reliability was measured using internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results: The validity determined by correlation coefficient was very good in communication area at 24 months age (0.908), gross motor at 24 months age (0.860), and gross motor at 36 months age (0.865). The reliability, determined by cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.673-0.825 and the inter-rater reliability was 0.916.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the ASQ has appropriate validity and reliability for screening developmental disorders in 24 -36 months children in Indonesia."

"ABSTRACTLatar belakang. Anak berusia 2 bulan - 2 tahun yang menderita infeksi salurankemih (ISK) dengan gejala demam perlu mendapat perhatian karena memilikirisiko kerusakan ginjal, gejala klinis yang tidak spesifik pada traktus urinarius,serta pengambilan sampel urin yang sulit. Urinalisis merupakan pemeriksaanpenunjang utama pada ISK karena cepat dan tersedia secara luas.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai dugapositif (NDP), nilai duga negatif (NDN), pretest odds, rasio kemungkinan positif(RKP), rasio kemungkinan negatif (RKN), post-test odds, dan post-testprobability dari masing-masing komponen urinalisis, yaitu nitrit, esterase leukosit(EL), leukosituria, bakteriuria beserta gabungannya untuk memprediksi ISK padaanak berusia 2 bulan hingga 2 tahun dengan gejala demam.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik yang dilakukan di RSCM, RSUDTangerang, RSUP Fatmawati, dan RSUD Budhi Asih pada anak berusia 2 bulan -2 tahun. Kriteria inklusi meliputi pasien dengan kecurigaan ISK, yaitu demamdengan suhu lebih dari, atau sama dengan 390C, demam lebih dari 2 hari, dantidak ditemukan penyebab lain (infeksi saluran pernapasan akut, otitis media akut,infeksi sistem saraf pusat, dan campak), serta belum mendapat antibiotik dalam 1minggu terakhir. Kriteria eksklusi meliputi pasien immunocompromise dankelainan anatomis pada traktus urinarius. Pengumpulan sampel urin untukpemeriksaan urinalisis dan kultur urin menggunakan urine collector.Hasil. Tujuh puluh lima anak ISK dengan gejala demam memenuhi kriteriapenelitian. Prevalens ISK pada penelitian ini adalah 33%. Hasil positif pada nitrit,EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya memiliki nilai sensitivitas berturutturut24%, 68%, 56%, 52%, dan 54%. Nilai spesifisitas nitrit, EL, leukosituria,bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 94%, 80%, 86%, 90%, dan 95%. NilaiNDP nitrit, EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 66%, 63%,66%, 72%, dan 75%. Nilai NDN nitrit, EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dangabungannya berturut-turut 71%, 83%, 79%, 79%, dan 88%. Nilai RKP nitrit, EL,leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 4; 3,4; 4; 5,2; dan 10,3.Nilai RKN nitrit, EL, leukosituria, bakteria, dan gabungannya berturut-turut 0,8;0,4; 0,5; 0,5; 0,5; dan 0,5.Simpulan. Hasil gabungan komponen urinalisis (nitrit, EL, leukosituria, danbakteriuria) dapat digunakan untuk menyingkirkan ISK karena mempunyaispesifisitas dan NDN tinggi, sehingga tidak diperlukan pemeriksaan kultur urin.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Children aged 2 months to 2 years old with febrile urinary tractinfection (UTI) need special attention considering kidney complications,unspecified symptoms, and difficult urine sample collection. Urinalysis was themain supportive examination for UTI because of its immediate result andwidespread availability.Objective. To estimate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV), pretest odds, positive likelihood ratio (LR+),negative likelihood ratio (LR-), post-test odds, and post-test probability on eachurinalysis component, which are nitrite, leukocyte esterase (LE), leukocyturia, andbacteriuria, and also combination of all four components in predicting UTI amongchildren aged 2 months to 2 years old with febrile as the main manifestations.Methods. This is a diagnostic study held in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,Tangerang Hospital, Fatmawati Hospital, and Budhi Asih Hospital, involvingchildren aged 2 months to 2 years old. Inclusion criteria are fever with unknownsource (more than or 39⁰C), fever more than 2 days (without acute respiratoryinfection, acute otitis media, central nervous system infection, or measles), and nohistory of antimicrobial consumption in the past week. Exclusion criteria areimmunocompromised state and urinary tract abnormalities. Urine samples forurinalysis and urine culture were collected using urine collector for all subjects.Results. Seventy five children were participating in this study. We found 33%prevalence of febrile UTI in this study. Sensitivity of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria,leucocyturia, and all four components were 24%, 68%, 56%, 52%, and 54%. Thespecificity of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia, and all four components were94%, 80%, 86%, 90%, and 95%. The PPV of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia,and all four components were 66%, 63%, 66%, 72%, and 75%. The NPV ofnitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia, and all four components were 71%, 83%,79%, 79%, and 88%. The LR+ of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria, leucocyturia, and allfour components were 4; 3,4; 4; 5,2; and 10,3. The LR- of nitrite, LE, bacteriuria,leucocyturia, and all four components were 0,8; 0,4; 0,5; 0,5; and 0,5.Summary. All four components of urinalysis (nitrite, LE, leucocyturia, andbacteriuria) can be used to exclude UTI because of their high specificity and NPV,so urinary culture is not needed."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Prevalens malabsorpsi laktosa bervariasi tergantung daerah geografis. Di Indonesia, prevalens pada usia 3-5 tahun turun dari 72 di tahun 1971 menjadi 21,3 di tahun 1997 dan pada usia 6-12 tahun sebesar 58 . Pajanan rutin terhadap susu dan produknya dipercaya menimbulkan respons adaptif dan merubah prevalens. Tujuan: Mengetahui perubahan prevalens malabsorpsi laktosa pada usia 3-12 tahun dalam 50 tahun terakhir serta pengaruh pajanan susu dan produknya terhadap prevalens malabsorpsi laktosa. Metode: Desain potong lintang pada 174 anak usia 3-12 tahun. Dilakukan anamnesis mengenai kebiasaan konsumsi susu dan produknya serta pemeriksaan uji napas hidrogen. Hasil: Prevalens pada usia 3-5 tahun adalah 20,8 dan usia 6-12 tahun adalah 35,3 . Prevalens pada usia 3-5 tahun tidak berhubungan dengan kebiasaan minum susu p=1, ABSTRACT Background: Prevalence of lactose malabsorption LM varies. In Indonesia, prevalence in children aged 3-5 years decreased from 72 in 1971 to 21.3 in 1997 and 58 at age 6-12 years. Routine exposure to milk and dairy products is believed to lead to an adaptive response and changes the prevalence. Aim: To know the change of LM prevalence rsquo;s in aged 3-12 years in the last 50 years and the effect of milk and dairy product exposure. Method: Cross-sectional design. 174 healthy children aged 3-12 years old were undergone hydrogen breath test and interviewed. Result: Prevalence LM at aged 3-5 years was 20.8 and 35.3 at 6-12 years. In group 3-5 years, no association between prevalence and milk consumption habits p=1, p"

"Latar belakang: Lupus eritrematosus sistemik (LES) adalah penyakit yang kompleks dengan manifestasi yang bervariasi. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) merupakan sitokin pleitropik yang mempunyai aktivitas biologis dengan rentang luas yang berperan penting pada regulasi imun dan inflamasi. Saat ini belum ada biomarker yang dapat membedakan kondisi remisi total dengan aktivitas penyakit ringan. Interleukin-6 diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai parameter aktivitas penyakit terutama pada kasus-kasus dimana antara manifestasi klinis dan skor SLEDAI tidak sesuai yaitu pada pasien LES dengan aktivits ringan dan remisi total.Tujuan: Mengetahui karakteristik IL-6 pada LES anak dengan berbagai aktivitas ringan dan remisi total.Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol dilakukan di poli rawat jalan Alergi-Imunologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta dan RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta mulai Mei hingga Juni 2019. Pasien anak usia 1-18 tahun dengan diagnosis LES dinilai kadar IL-6 dan aktivitas penyakit yang dinilai dengan skor SLEDAI. Uji korelasi chi square dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel bebas dan luaran. Analisis data dilakukan dengan program SPSS for Window ver 20,0Hasil: Dari 60 subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 30 pasien LES aktivitas ringan dan 30 remisi total. tidak ada perbedaan kadar IL-6 tinggi pada kelompok kasus dibanding kelompok kontrol dengan p=0,500, OR= 0,483 (95% IK: 0,041-5,628). Terdapat 2 subyek dengan kadar IL-6 tinggi menderita infeksi saluran kencing.Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan aktivitas penyakit pada pasien LES anak dengan aktivitas ringan dibanding remisi total.

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Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease with various manifestations. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a wide range of biological activities that plays an important role in immune regulation and inflammation. Recently, there is no other biomarker that could differentiate total remission condition and mild disease activity in juvenile SLE. Interleukin-6 may be used as a parameter of disease activity, especially in the cases with different clinical manifestations and SLEDAI scores among SLE patients with mild activities and total remissions.

Aim: To indentify the characterictics of serum IL-6 concentration in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus with mild activities and total remissions.

Methods: Case control study was performed at outpatient clinic of allergy-immunology, department of child health dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, Jakarta and dr. Sardjito hospital, Yogyakarta during May-June 2019. Serum IL-6 consentration and disease activity were assessed in all juvenile SLE patients aged 1-18 year. SLE disease activity was assessed with SLEDAI scores and serum level of IL-6 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Chi square correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation of serum IL-6 concentration with disease activity in juvenile SLE patients. Analyses of data were performed using the SPSS statistical software for windows version 20,0.

Results: Among 60 subjects included in this study, 30 subjects with mild activities in the case group and 30 subjects with total remissions in the control group. There was no differences of serum IL-6 concentration between case and control group (p=0,500, OR= 0,483 (95% IK: 0,041-5,628)). In this study, we found 2 subjects with urinary tract infection have high serum IL-6 concentration.

Conclusion: There was no differences of serum IL-6 concentration between juvenile SLE patients with mild activities compared with total remissions."

"ABSTRAKKejang pada neonatus merupakan gejala yang paling sering ditemukan dari gangguan neurologis pada periode neonatus. Kejang pada neonatus dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari etiologi yang beragam dan ini sering menandakan adanya kerusakan atau malfungsi dari sistem saraf pusat yang belum berkembang sempurna. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil dan luaran kejang pada neonatus serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Studi retrospektif dari data sekunder rekam medis Unit Perinatologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada periode Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2019. Semua neonatus di RSCM dengan usia kronologis ≤ 28 hari pada neonatus aterm atau ≤ 44 minggu sejak konsepsi pada neonatus prematur, dengan riwayat kejang atau mengalami kejang minimal satu kali selama perawatan, diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dieksklusi bila terdapat kecurigaan kelainan bawaan dan rekam medis tidak lengkap. Pencatatan terhadap subjek meliputi riwayat antenatal, gejala klinis, hasil EEG dan neuroimaging, serta luaran. Studi dilakukan terhadap 108 subjek dan didapatkan jenis kelamin lelaki sebesar 59,3%, usia gestasi aterm sebesar 55,6%, serta berat lahir normal sebesar 52,8%. Kematian terjadi pada 38 (35,2%) subjek. Insidens kejang pada neonatus di Unit Perinatologi RSCM sebesar 3,3%. Karakteristik neonatus yang mengalami kejang adalah jenis kelamin lelaki, aterm, persalinan dengan bedah kaisar, riwayat resusitasi aktif, dan respons dengan pemberian obat anti kejang tunggal. Luaran meninggal pada penelitian ini sebesar 35,2% dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya yaitu usia gestasi, berat lahir, frekuensi kejang, dan penyakit penyerta sepsis.

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ABSTRACTNeonatal seizures are the most common manifestation of neurological disorders in the newborn period. Neonatal seizures may arise as a result of diverse etiologies and these events frequently signify serious damage or malfunction of the immature developing central nervous system. The study is aimed to determine neonatal seizures profile and factors that influence its outcome. This was a retrospective cohort study from secondary medical record data at Neonatology Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH) between January 2015-Juni 2019. All neonates in CMGH with a chronological age of ≤ 28 days in a term infant or ≤ 44 weeks from conception in a preterm infant, with seizure or history of seizure were included in the study. Subjects were excluded if they were suspected of having congenital disorders or incomplete medical records. Data collected from the subjects include antenatal history, clinical symptoms, EEG findings, neuroimaging results, and outcome at discharge. A total of 108 subjects were included in the study and among neonates with seizures, 59,3% were male, 55,6% were born term, and 52,8 % had normal birth weight. Death occurred in 38 cases (35,2%). Incidens of neonatal seizure in Neonatology Unit of CMGH was 3,3%. Neonates who developed seizure characterized by male gender, term birth, delivered by section cesarean, history of active resuscitation, and respons to single antiepileptic drug. The mortality rate in this study was 35,2% with gestational age, birth weight, frequency of seizure, and sepsis being the factors that influence the outcome."

"Latar Belakang. Anak dengan Spektrum Gangguan Autisme (SGA) seringkali mengalami gangguan gerak halus, yang dapat menimbulkan hambatan dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari serta mengganggu performa sekolah. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai prevalens maupun gambaran gangguan gerak halus pada anak SGA di Indonesia, termasuk dampaknya terhadap performa sekolah.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens gangguan gerak halus anak SGA, mengetahui gambaran gangguan gerak halus anak SGA, mengetahui dampak gangguan gerak halus terhadap performa sekolah anak SGA.Metode. Penelitian analitik potong lintang dilakukan sejak bulan Januari sampai Mei 2014. Subjek anak SGA didapatkan dari Klinik Anakku CMC Kayu Putih. Subjek pada kelompok kontrol dari sebuah sekolah swasta yang telah dilakukan matching usia dan jenis kelamin dengan kelompok SGA. Terhadap subjek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan keterampilan gerak halus dengan BOT-2 dan penilaian performa fungsional sekolah melalui pengisian kuesioner SFA oleh guru atau terapis.Hasil. Subjek penelitian pada kelompok SGA dan kelompok kontrol masing- masing berjumlah 43 anak. Prevalens gangguan gerak halus pada kelompok SGA sebesar 91%. Jumlah subjek pada kelompok SGA yang mengalami gangguan gerak halus pada komposit fine manual control dan manual coordination, serta subtes fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, dan upper- limb coordination lebih besar dibanding kelompok kontrol, dengan median skor kelompok SGA yang lebih rendah pada semua komposit/subtes dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gangguan gerak halus kelompok SGA dengan performa fungsional sekolah.Simpulan. Prevalens gangguan gerak halus anak SGA pada penelitian ini adalah 91%. Gangguan gerak halus yang dialami anak SGA berdasarkan pemeriksaan dengan BOT-2 mencakup komposit fine manual control dan manual coordination, serta subtes fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, dan upper-limb coordination. Pada anak SGA, gangguan gerak halus berhubungan dengan gangguan pada performa fungsional sekolah.

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Background. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often have fine motor impairment, which may present barriers in performing their daily activities and interfere with their school performance. Until now there has been no data on the prevalence and description of fine motor impairment in children with ASD in Indonesia, including its impact on the children’s school performance.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of fine motor impairments in children with ASD, to provide the description of fine motor impairments in children with ASD, and to determine the impact of fine motor impairments on the school performance of children with ASD.

Method. A cross-sectional analytic study conducted from January to May 2014. Subjects were children with ASD from Klinik Anakku CMC Kayu Putih. Subjects in the control group were students from a private school matched by age and sex with the ASD group. Fine motor examination was performed using BOT-2 and assessment of school functional performance was conducted through SFA questionnaires filled by teachers or therapists.

Result. There were 43 subjects each on ASD and control groups. Prevalence of fine motor impairments in children with ASD in this study was 91%. The number of subjects in the ASD group having fine motor impairement on the fine manual control and manual coordination composites, as well as fine precision motors, motors fine integration, manual dexterity, and upper-limb coordination subtests are greater than the control group, with median score of all the composites/subtests lower on ASD group compared to that in the control group. There was a significant correlation between fine motor impairments in ASD children with their school function performance.

Result. Prevalence of fine motor impairments in children with ASD in this study was 91%. Fine motor impairments experienced by children with ASD based on examination using BOT-2 covers fine manual control and manual coordination composites, as well as fine precision motors, motors fine integration, manual dexterity, and upper-limb coordination subtests. In children with ASD, fine motor impairment was associated with disturbances in the school function performance."

"Latar belakang: Penyakit alergi didasari reaksi hipersensitivitas yang diinisiasi mekanisme imunologi spesifik diperantarai oleh IgE. Warga kota Denpasar memiliki karakteristik spesifik, yaitu tingkat memelihara hewan berbulu anjing dan konsumsi daging babi yang tinggi. Data sensitisasi alergen pada anak di kota Denpasar belum ada. Penelitian sensitisasi alergen dapat memberikan gambaran sensitisasi spesifik untuk anak di kota Denpasar sehingga upaya pencegahan penyakit alergi dapat dilakukan dengan lebih efektif. Tujuan: Mengetahui sensitisasi alergen pada anak dengan penyakit alergi dermatitis atopi, asma, rinitis alergi yang dibuktikan melalui uji tusuk kulit di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang di Poliklinik Rawat Jalan Alergi Imunologi Bagian/SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar, periode Januari 2017-Maret 2017. Anak usia 3-18 tahun dengan dermatitis atopi, asma, rinitis alergi dan orang tua setuju mengikuti penelitian akan diinklusi. Sensitisasi alergen dibuktikan melalui uji tusuk kulit terhadap alergen spesifik inhalan dan/atau ingestan, hasil positif bila diameter urtika 3 mm. Data dinyatakan sebagai proporsi, dilakukan pengelompokan berdasarkan jenis penyakit alergi dan umur. Hasil: Proporsi anak dengan penyakit alergi, yaitu dermatitis atopi 30,5, asma 57,9, dan rinitis alergi 56,8. Proporsi berdasarkan multimorbiditas penyakit adalah dermatitis atopi dengan asma 8,5, dermatitis atopi dengan rinitis alergi 4,2, asma dengan rinitis alergi 24,2, dermatitis atopi dengan asma dan rinitis alergi 4,2, dermatitis atopi 13,7, asma 21, rinitis alergi 24,2. Sensitisasi pada kelompok dermatitis atopi usia 3-6 tahun tersering terhadap alergen ingestan, usia sekolah baik pada dermatitis atopi, asma, maupun rinitis alergi sensitisasi terutama terhadap alergen inhalan D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, kecoa. Simpulan: Proporsi penyakit alergi tertinggi pada anak di kota Denpasar adalah asma dengan rinitis alergi. Sensitisasi terutama terhadap alergen inhalan pada anak usia sekolah.

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Background: Allergic disease in children is based on hypersensitivity reactions initiated by specific immunologic mechanism mediated by IgE. Residents of Denpasar city have their own characteristics in terms of the level of having furry animals dogs and the level of consumption of pork is high. While allergen sensitization data for the children of Denpasar is still not available. Allergen sensitization research in Denpasar will give a picture of the sensitization type specifically for children in Denpasar in order for having more effective prevention programs.

Objectives: To study the sensitization of allergens in children with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis that proven through skin prick test at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done in the Outpatient Immunology Allergy Polyclinic, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar in the period of January to March 2017. Children 3 18 years who are diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, and the parents signed a letter of approval, will be included. Allergen sensitization proven by skin prick test against specific allergens inhalants and or ingestants, and it classified positive results when indicating wheal diameter ge 3 mm. The data is calculated as a proportion number and is grouped based on the type of allergy and age.

Results: The proportion of children with allergy was atopic dermatitis 30.5, asthma 57.9, and allergic rhinitis 56.8. While the proportion based on the multimorbidity of the disease is atopic dermatitis with asthma 8.5, atopy dermatitis with allergic rhinitis 4.2, asthma with allergic rhinitis 24.2, atopy dermatitis with asthma and allergic rhinitis 4.2, atopic dermatitis 13, 7, asthma 21, and allergic rhinitis 24.2. Sensitization in the atopy dermatitis at age 3 6 years group frequently to ingestant allergen, but at school age in both atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis sensitization especially to inhalants allergen D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and cockroaches.

Conclusions: Children in Denpasar showed the highest proportion of allergies for asthma and allergic rhinitis, with the majority of allergen are inhaled at school age."

"Latar belakang: Sindrom Down merupakan kelainan kromosom tersering. Anak dengan SD memiliki beberapa faktor risiko terhadap OSA dengan prevalens di berbagai negara yaitu antara 30-60 , dibandingkan 0,7-2 pada populasi umum. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai OSA pada anak sindrom Down di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi prevalens OSA pada anak sindrom Down dan menganalisis hubungan antara habitual snoring, obesitas, penyakit alergi di saluran napas, hipertrofi tonsil, dan hipertrofi adenoid sebagai faktor risiko OSA pada anak sindrom Down. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada anak sindrom Down berusia 3-18 tahun yang tergabung dalam Yayasan POTADS. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Respirologi IKA FKUI RSCM dari bulan Juli 2016 hingga Juli 2017. Penegakkan diagnosis OSA menggunakan nilai batas AHI 3 pada pemeriksaan poligrafi. Faktor-faktor risiko yang dianggap berpengaruh dianalisis secara multivariat. Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 42 subjek dengan hasil prevalens OSA pada anak dengan SD sebesar 61,9 . Sebesar 42,9 merupakan OSA derajat ringan, 14,3 OSA sedang, dan 4,8 OSA berat. Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan faktor risiko yang bermakna yaitu habitual snoring p=0,022 dan PR 8,85; IK 1,37-57 dan hipertrofi adenoid p=0,006 dan PR 12,93; IK 2,09-79 . Simpulan: Prevalens OSA pada anak sindrom Down sebesar 61,9 . Faktor risiko yang bermakna yaitu habitual snoring dan hipertrofi adenoid.

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Background Down syndrome DS is the most common chromosomal disorder. Children with DS have predisposing factors to OSA with prevalence 30 60 , compared with 0.7 2 in the general child population. Until now there is no data about OSA in DS children in Indonesia. Objective To identify the prevalence of OSA in DS and to analyze the effect of habitual snoring, obesity, airways allergic diseases, tonsillar hypertrophy, and adenoid hypertrophy as risk factor for OSA. Method This is a cross sectional study, held in Respirology Clinic of IKA FKUI RSCM Jakarta from July 2016 to July 2017. Subjects in this study were DS children aged 3 18 years who are members of the Foundation POTADS Parents Association of Children with Down Syndrome . OSA was diagnosed by polygraphy examination with cutoff AHI ge 3. The risk factors that are considered important are then analyzed multivariately. Results OSA prevalance among 42 subject are 61,9 . Degree of OSA are 42.9 mild, 14.3 moderate, and 4.8 severe. In the multivariate analysis, the significant risk factor are habitual snoring p 0,022 and PR 8,85 CI 1,37 57 and adenoid hypertrophy p 0,006 and PR 12,93 CI 2,09 79 . Conclusion Prevalence of OSA in DS children is 61,9 . The significant risk factor are habitual snoring and adenoid hypertrophy."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang:.Demam reumatik DR dan penyakit jantung reumatik PJR merupakan penyakit kronis yang berdampak terhadap fisik, psikososial, dan akademik. Penting menilai kualitas hidup anak DR dan PJR serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, untuk mengetahui prioritas masalah. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran kualitas hidup anak DR dan PJR serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada April-Agustus 2017, dengan subyek anak berusia 5-18 tahun. Data didapatkan secara consecutive sampling menggunakan kuesioner PedsQL trade; 3.0 modul jantung dan rekam medis retrospektif. Hasil: Kualitas hidup baik ditemukan pada 53 laporan anak dan 52 laporan orangtua subyek. Skor median laporan anak 79,70 29,7-100 , dan laporan orangtua 77,31 45,03-99,40 . Kepatuhan berobat merupakan kunci penyebab membaiknya kualitas hidup. Tidak ada faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup. Faktor klinis yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup adalah rute antibiotik. Anak DR dan PJR yang mendapat antibiotik intramuskuler, 3,2 kali laporan anak memiliki kemungkinan kualitas hidup lebih baik dibandingkan yang mendapatkan antibiotik oral p ABSTRACT Background Rheumatic fever RF and rheumatic heart disease RHD are chronic diseases that affect physical, psychosocial, and academic. Assessment of quality of life in children with RF and RHD and the factors affecting it, is important to identify problems. Objective To identify quality of life in children with RF and RHD and the factors influencing it. Method A cross sectional study on RF and RHD patients aged 5 18 years old, using PedsQLTM 3.0 Cardiac Module questionnaire and retrospective medical records from April 2017 until August 2017. Result High quality of life was found in 53 child report and 52 parent report of subjects. Median score from children rsquo s reports and parents rsquo reports are, 79,70 29,7 100 , and 77,31 45,03 99,40 respectively. Compliance was the key to cause quality of life to increase. Clinical factors affecting quality of life included the route of antibiotic administration, and there were no sociodemographic factors. By child report, children with RF and RHD who received intramuscular antibiotics were 3.2 times more likely to have higher quality of life than children who received oral antibiotics p "