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Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini diformulasikan demulsifier untuk destabilisasi emulsi crude oil Jatibarang, agar diperoleh nilai % basic sediment and water (%BS&W) kecil dari 0,5 %. Karakterisasi fisik (Densitas, Spesific gravity, API gravity, pour point, dan viskositas kinematik) menunjukkan bahwa crude oil Jatibarang adalah heavy crude oil. Karakterisasi kimia didapatkan asphaltene content adalah 10,263 % (w/w), nilai % BS&W 59,8 % dan emulsi yang sangat stabil dengan jenis emulsi air dalam minyak W/O. Seleksi demulsifier didapatkan 3 demulsifier terbaik yaitu, EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 15,5, triol Polyeter EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 9,4 dan tetrol polyether EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 11. Campuran 2 demulsifier terbaik adalah triol polieter EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 9,4 dan tetrol polieter EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 11. Campuran 3 demulsifier diperoleh formula Mix 29-3 dengan perbandingan komposisi 60:20:20 (triol polieter EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 9,4 : tetrol polieter EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 11: EO PO kopolimer blok RSN 15,5), volume injeksi pada 60 μL/100 mL, suhu pemisahan optimal 80° C dengan toluen sebagai pelarut dan pada pH 7 sebagai kondisi optimal untuk memisahkan air dalam minyak hingga didapatkan nilai %BS&W 0,5 %. Pada beberapa formulasi ini bisa menurunkan nilai BS&W crude oil Jatibarang dari 59,8 % hingga 0,2 %.

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This research was formulated some demulsifiers to destabilization emulsion of Jatibarang crude oil, a purpose to getting crude oil with %BS&W less than 0,5 %. Physics characterization (Density, Spesific gravity, API gravity, pour point, and kinematics viscosity) showed which Jatibarang crude oil is heavy crude oil. Chemistry characterization was getting 10, 263 % (w/w) the asphaltene content, % BS&W is 59,8 % and stabil emulsion which the kind of emulsion is water in oil W/O. Selection of demulsifiers showed three best demulsifiers, EO PO copolymer block RSN 15,5, triol Polyether EO PO copolymer block RSN 9,4 and tetrol polyether EO PO copolymer block RSN 9,4. Best mixture for two demulsifier is triol poliether EO PO copolymer block RSN 9,4 and tetrol polyether EO PO copolymer block RSN 11. Best mixture for three demulsifier is Mix 29-3, formula 60:20:20 (triol polyether EO PO copolymer block RSN 9,4 : tetrol polyether EO PO copolymer block RSN 11 : EO PO copolymer block RSN 15,5), injection concentration is 60 μL/100 mL, optimal temperature separation is 80° C with toluen as solvent delivery and pH 7 areoptimal conditional to separates water from crude oil till %BS&W less than 0,5%. Some formulation could decrease % BS&W Jatibarang crude oil from 59,8 % to 0,2 %.

Abstrak :
Terdepositnya parafin wax dalam minyak mentah dapat menimbulkan gangguan dalam proses produksi minyak mentah, terutama ketika transportasi dalam pipa saluran. Kristal wax ini mengendap di dalam pipa dan akan menghalangi aliran minyak mentah, untuk itu perlu adanya penanganan serius untuk mencarikan solusi atas masalah ini. Salah satu cara penanganan pengendapan wax adalah dengan menambahkan aditif berupa pour point depressant ke dalam minyak mentah. Pada penelitian kali ini, diseleksi 23 jenis pour point depressant (PPD) yang berasal dari berbagai supplier bahan kimia dan diujikan kemampuannya menurunkan pour point dari minyak mentah fraksi berat dari Cilacap. Hasil seleksi didapatkan satu aditif terbaik yaitu dengan kode L, dan dikarakterisasi dengan GCMS dan FTIR didapatkan senyawa campuran alkanol rantai panjang dan naphthalene. Dengan penambahan 5000μL/L, aditif ini mampu menurunkan pour point sampel minyak mentah sebesar 6oC dan dengan penambahan 10000μL/L, mampu menurunkan sebesar 9oC. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana aditif PPD tersebut berinteraksi dengan wax, dilakukan studi dengan mengujinya lewat instrumentasi XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) yang menghasilkan intensitas peak XRD yang menurun seiring penambahan dosis PPD dan instrumentasi CPM (Cross Polarized Microscopy) memperlihatkan bahwa setelah penambahan PPD, wax yang terbentuk saat suhu 30oC lebih sedikit. Kesimpulan didapati bahwa PPD jenis ini mampu teradsorpsi di permukaan wax sehingga menghambat proses kristalisasi wax. ...... The precipitation of paraffinic wax in the crude oil causes a serious problem to the production process of oils, especially in the process of transportation in the pipelines. The deposition of wax in the pipeline trapped out the oil and inhibit the oil to flow. A serious treatment must be applied to solve this problems. One of the method is the addition of additives into the crudes. The additives are named as pour point depressants (PPD). In this research, 1 of the best from 23 pour point depressant additives that come from some chemical suppliers, was selected. The selection is based on their performance to depress the initial pour point of the Cilacap’s heavy crude oil. The PPD with L code was known having the best performance on the crude. This PPD was characterized by FTIR and GCMS, hence obtained the information about this PPD, it is consist of long chain of alkanol and naphthalene. With the dosage of 5000μL/L, this PPD can decrease the pour point as much as 6oC from the initial point, and with the dosage of 10000μL/L, this PPD can decrease as much as 9oC. In order to know how can this type of PPD interact with the wax, studied had been done with XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and CPM (Cross Polarized Microscopy) instrumentation. The increasing dosage of PPD in wax caused the peak intensity of wax in XRD decrease. CPM instrumentation showed that after the addition of PPD, the wax precipated from crude oil decrease significantly on the temperature of 30oC. In conclusion, this type of PPD can interfere the wax crystal growth by adsorption, the adsorption takes place on the surface of wax crystal.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Metode slop oil recovery dilakukan dengan memisahkan air dan sludge agar diperoleh minyak mentah dengan % Basic Sediment & Water (% BS&W) kurang dari 0,5%. Pada penelitian ini emulsi slop oil dipisahkan melalui metode demulsifikasi dengan demulsifier berbasis surfaktan multikomponen yang diformulasikan dari surfaktan nonionik dengan nilai Relative Solubility Number (RSN) yang berbeda pada kondisi operasi yang dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi demulsifier, waktu interaksi (settling time), dan pH free water. Penentuan kondisi optimum demulsifikasi slop oil ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran % air yang terpisah dan % BS&W dengan metode bottle test (pengujian banyaknya air yang terpisah dengan gravitasi dan pemanasan), analisis tegangan antarmuka dan analisis turbiscan untuk mengetahui kestabilan fasa minyak setelah demulsifikasi. Hasil karakterisasi terhadap ketiga sampel slop oil yang digunakan menunjukan bahwa slop oil tangki B (TB), tangki E (TE) dan tangki G (TG) mengandung % (w/w) asphaltene 4,505%, 8,370% dan 8,314%, mengandung masingmasing % BS&W 90%, 36% dan 43%, terdiri dari komponen minyak fraksi berat (Heavy crude oil) dengan nilai API gravity masingmasing 11,8, 19,4 dan 18,5, mengandung logam Ni, V, Si, Na, dan Al, viskositas kinematik pada suhu 40 0C masingmasing 2318,35 cSt, 31,73 cSt, dan 62,45 cSt, dan membentuk emulsi air dalam minyak. Kondisi demulsifikasi optimum yang diperoleh adalah menggunakan demulsifier DM A dengan konsentrasi 1%, pH free water 7 ? 7,5, waktu interaksi 30 menit, dan dilakukan pada suhu konstan 60 0C. Dari ketiga faktor operasi tersebut menghasilkan % pemisahan air untuk slop oil TB, TE dan TG masingmasing 80%, 38%, dan 40% serta penurunan % BS&W sebesar 69,44% hingga 94,44%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa metode pemisahan air dengan demulsifier multikomponen yang mengandung persentase surfaktan oil soluble yang lebih besar dapat mensolvasi agregat asphalteneresin pada antarmuka lebih efektif sehingga menghasilkan % pemisahan air yang lebih baik. Selain itu, efek penambahan asam dan basa dapat menambah kestabilan emulsi slop oil karena adanya protonasi gugus amina dan berubahnya affinitas gugus asam pada bagian hidrofilik agregat asphaltene¬resin.

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ABSTRACT
Slop oil recovery method was done by separating the water and sludge to obtain the crude oil with the percentage of Basic Sediment & Water (% BS&W) which should be less than 0.5%. In this study, slop oil emulsion was separated by demulsification method with surfactantbased multicomponent as demulsifier. The demulsifier was formulated from a nonionic surfactant which had a relative solubility number (RSN) that differs. The demulsification of slop oil was affected by the concentration of demulsifier, the interaction time (settling time), and pH of free water. The determination of the optimum conditions for slop oil demulsification was determined on the basis of the percentage of the separated water and the % BS&W by bottle test method (A method based on quantity of the separated water by gravity and heating), interfacial tension analysis, and turbiscan analysis. The characterization results of three samples of slop oil showed that the slop oil of tank B (TB), tank E (TE), and tank G (TG) containing % (w/w) asphaltene 4.505%, 8.370%, and 8.314%, kinematic viscosity 2318.35 cSt, 31.73 cSt, and 62.45 cSt at 40 0C respectively, % BS&W 90%, 36%, and 43%, consisting of heavy crude oil components with API gravity values 11.8, 19.4, and 18.5 respectively. The slop oils containe metals (Ni, V, Si, Na, and Al) and form a water in oil emulsion. The optimum condition of slop oil demulsification was obtained using 1% DM A demulsifier, pH 7,0 ? 7,5 of free water, interaction time 30 minutes, and was performed at a constant temperature, 60 0C. Based on the three factors produced the percentage of separated water for slop oil of TB, T?E, and TG 80%, 38%, and 40% and also decreased % BS&W by 69.44% to 94.44%, respectively. The results of this research indicated that the method of water separation with multicomponent of demulsifier containing oil soluble surfactant can solvate asphalteneresin aggregates at the interface more effectively, so it produce higher water separation. In addition, the addition effect of acid and base in slop oil emulsion can enhance the emulsion stability due to the protonation of amine group and the change of affinity at the hydrophilic acid group in asphalteneresin aggregates.