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"Angka kejadian kanker kolorektal sebagai penyakit keganasan menduduki urutan kedua setelah kanker payudara pada wanita dan kanker paru pada pria.Karsinoma pada daerah kolon asenden dan tranversus biasanya menyebabkan perdarahan sedikit demi sedikit dan tidak dapat dideteksi oleh mata serta tidak menyebabkan rasa sakit.Tes kolon albumin merupakan tes imunokimia pertama untuk menentukan adanya albumin yang berasal dari darah pada penyakit kolorektal dan tes ini tidak memerlukan persiapan diit. Sampai saat ini pemeriksaan darah samar dalam tinja masih banyak menggunakan bensidin, o-tolidin, guaiak, tetapi untuk pemeriksaan dengan cara tersebut banyak kendalanya.Dalam penelitian ini dilaporkan hasil penelitian banding kedua pemeriksaan di atas terhadap 18 tinja penderita dengan suspek keganasan kolorektal. Kahan penelitian diambil dari 11 orang laki-laki dan 7 orang perempuan yang berusia antara 21-54 tahun. Dilakukan pula uji diagnostik dengan memakai kontrol pasangan penderita. Dengan tabel kontingensi 2 X 2 diperoleh sensitivitas 100%, spesifisitas 93,7% dan akurasi 96,77%

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Colon Albumin Test as a Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the second most cancer found preceded by breast cancer in woman and lung cancer in men. Cancer of the ascending and transverse colon usually did not cause profuse bleeding that could be observed macroscopically and did not cause pain.

The colon albumin test is a novel immunochemical test to detect albumin caused by bleeding in the colorectal regions. ND diet restriction is required before performing this test. Although the gold standard tests using benzidine, o-tolidin or guaiac were still commonly used, many obstacles were also reported.

In this study, a comparative examination was done on 18 stool amples were obtained from 18 subjects with suspicious of colorectal cancer. Specimens were taken from 11 males and 7 females, 21 until 54 years old. Diagnostic test was done using matched controls. Using 2 X 2 contingency table it was found a 100%, sensitivity, 93,7% spesificity and 96,7% accuracy."

"ABSTRAKThalassemia patients who undergo life-long recurrent blood transfusion will experience iron overload in various organs including the liver and possibly suffer from chronic hepatitis C infection which may lead to liver impairment. The liver produces hepcidin, a hormone which plays role in the regulation of iron level in the blood. Various factors may influence hepcidin level in the blood. Chronic hepatitis C causes iron overload and liver impairment. Liver impairment and haemolytic anaemia due to haemoglobinopathy will suppress hepcidin production. Anaemia stimulates growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) to increase erythropoiesis and suppress hepcidin production. Iron overload causes increase in hepcidin level. Presence of factors which decrease or increase hepcidin production will express various levels of hepcidin. This study aimed to identify the expression of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels in thalassemia patients with iron overload and positive anti-HCV. Information on hepcidin and GDF-15 levels are beneficial in the management of iron overload in thalassemia with positive anti-HCV.Method: This study was a descriptive analytic study in thalassemia patients who had received recurrent blood transfusion ≥ 12 times, suffered from iron overload (transferrin saturation > 55% and ferritin > 1,000 ng/mL), which consisted of 31 individuals with positive anti-HCV and 27 individuals with negative anti-HCV. This study was performed in Thalassemia Centre Department of Child Health and Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, in October 2011–January 2012. Serum hepcidin and GDF-15 examinations were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) examinations were performed using colorimetry method. Data on ferritin and transferrin saturation were obtained from medical records in the last 3 months. Data was analysed using SPSS Windows version 17 software.Results: Characteristics of subjects in this study included ferritin level, transferrin saturation, AST, and ALT were 5,289 (SD 2,492) ng/mL, 96.7 (SD 9.2)%, 41.8 (SD 26.7) U/L, and 50.6 (24.9) U/L, respectively. It was obtained that the hepcidin levels were within the normal limits with median of 51.5 (19-166) pg/mL, while GDF-15 levels were higher than the normal range with median of 1,936 (643-2,475) pg/mL. There was no significant difference of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels between positive and negative anti-HCV groups, with p value of 0.842 and 0.115, respectively.Conclusion: We obtained that the hepcidin levels were within normal limits and GDF-15 levels were higher than the normal range. There was no significant difference of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels between positive and negative anti-HCV group."

"Background: cardiac function in patients with septic shock at the cellular level can be assessed by measuring troponin I and NT Pro BNP levels. Venous oxygen saturation is measured to evaluate oxygen delivery and uptake by organ tissue. Our study may provide greater knowledge and understanding on pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorder in patients with septic shock. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of echocardiography, cardiovascular biomarkers, venous oxygen saturation and renal function as predictors of mortality rate in patients with septic shock.Methods: this is a prospective cohort study in patients with infections, hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) and serum lactate level of > 2 mmol/L. On the first and fifth days, septic patients underwent echocardiography and blood tests. Statistical analysis used in our study included t-test or Mann-Whitney test for numeric data and chi-square test for nominal data of two-variable groups; while for multivariate analysis, we used Cox Regression model.Results: on 10 days of observation, we found 64 (58%) patients died and 47 (42%) patients survived. The mean age of patients was 48 (SD 18) years. Patients with abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) had 1.6 times greater risk of mortality than those with normal LVEF (RR 1.6; p = 0.034). Patients with abnormal troponin I level showed higher risk of mortality as many as 1.6 times (RR: 1.6; p = 0.004). Patients with impaired renal function had 1.5 times risk of mortality (RR 1.5; p = 0.024). Patients with abnormal troponin I level and/or impaired renal function showed increased mortality risk; however, those with normal troponin I level and impaired renal function also showed increased mortality risk. Multivariate analysis revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction and troponin I level may serve as predictors of mortality in patients with septic shock. (HR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.099 - 3.956 ; p = 0.047 and HR: 1.83 ; 95%CI: 1.049 - 3,215 ; p = 0.043). Conclusion: left ventricular ejection fraction and biomarkers such as troponin I level are predictors of mortality in septic shock patients."

"Kadar matrix metalloproteinase?9 (MMP-9) yang tinggi diyakini merusak sawar darah otak (SDO) sehingga terjadi edema serebri dan menambah lama rawat inap pasien. Penelitian pada binatang menunjukkan tigesiklin menurunkan kadar MMP-9. Kemampuan tigesiklin menurunkan kadar MMP-9 yang berdampak pada pengurangan edema serebri dan lama rawat inap pasien perdarahan."