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Abstrak :
Isolation of total sterol from waste product of soy bean cake has been conducted, followed by biotransformation to 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (ADD). The waste product consist of; β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, kaemfesterol, which are isolated by column chromatography technique using silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform as mobile phase. Biotransformation was conducted by using Mycobacterium phlei DSM 43286 in the present of α, α?- dipiridil as an inhibitor with concentration of 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2,0 mM. The main product of biotransformation were ADD and pregnenolon. The optimum yield of ADD 0,48% is achieved by adding 1,5 mM α, α?- dipiridil are two hours after addition of substrate and 72 hours of incubation time.

Abstrak :
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 memiliki ancaman kesehatan yang signifikan bagi unggas dan manusia. Infeksi H5N1 di Indonesia merupakan yang tertinggi di dunia, dengan tingkat mortalitas mencapai 83% pada periode 2005-2013. Namun, mutasi yang terjadi pada virus H5N1 menyebabkan virus H5N1 menjadi resisten terhadap agen antiviral komersial, seperti oseltamivir dan zanamivir. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan agen antiviral yang lebih potensial. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan penapisan virtual senyawa bahan alam flavonoid dari Indonesia sebagai inhibitor neuraminidase virus H5N1. Penapisan dilakukan terhadap 491 senyawa flavonoid yang diperoleh dari HerbalDB. Molecular docking dan dynamics dilakukan dengan menggunakan MOE 2008.10. Prediksi karakter ADMET (Absorpsi, Distribusi, Metabolisme, Ekskresi, Toksisitas), bioaktivitas, bioavailabilitas, farmakologi, serta potensi karsonogenisitas-mutagenisitas juga dilakukan untuk memperoleh kandidat obat terbaik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kaempferol 3-rhamnosil-(1-3)-rhamnosil-(1-6)-glukosida sebagai kandidat obat terbaik. Studi molecular dynamics menunjukkan bahwa senyawa ini stabil pada 312 K. ......Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 poses a significant threath for animal and human health worldwide. The number of H5N1 infection in Indonesia is the highest during 2005-2013, with mortality rate up to 83%. Mutation occured in H5N1 strain made it resistant to commercial antiviral agents such as oseltamivir and zanamivir, so more potent antiviral agent is needed. In this study, virtual screening of Indonesian flavonoid as neuraminidase inhibitor of H5N1 was conducted. Total 491 flavonoid compound obtained from HerbalDB were screened. Molecular docking and dynamics were performed using MOE 2008.10. Prediction of ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity), bioavailability, bioactivity, and pharmacology character, as well as potency for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity were conducted to obtain the best ligand. This research resulted kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1-3)-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-glucoside as the best drug lead. Molecular dynamics study revealed that this compound was stable at 312 K.