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"Industri batik sudah berkembang lama di Indonesia dan merupakan salah satu lapangan kerja bagi sejumlah tenaga kerja di kota maupun di desa. Pada dasarnya perindustrian mengakibatkan dua dampak, yaitu dampak positif yang berupa timbulnya mata pencaharian dan lapangan kerja serta pengembangan wilayah, dampak negatif berupa pencemaran lingkungan kerja yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit akibat kerja. Industri batik adalah salah satu industri yang sudah berkembang lama di Surakarta dan di Pekalongan bahkan menjadikan Kota Surakarta dan Pekalongan terkenal dengan Kota Batik. Industri ini mempunyai kaitan dengan kebudayaan Jawa. Oleh karena itu keberadaan industri batik harus tetap dilestarikan, bahkan perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan. Tenaga kerja di industri batik adalah tenaga kerja khusus, harus mempunyai keterampilan tersendiri. Tidak semua orang mau bekerja sebagai tukang cap di industri batik. Meskipun gaji (upah) yang diterima rendah, pekerja di industri batik tetap menekuni pekerjaannya. Perpindahan pekerjaan (turn work over) di industri batik sangat rendah. Mengingat anqka perpindahan pekerjaan yang rendah, perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan keterampilan kepada tenaga kerja, disamping upaya perlindungan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Industri batik menggunakan beberapa bahan yaitu parafin, gondorukem (colophony, rosin), damar, microwax dan lemak hewan. Bahan-bahan tersebut diproses menjadi satu disebut "malam batik". Untuk membuat motif batik pada kain, malam batik dipanaskan sehingga keluar asap malam batik yang mengandung polutan dan menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan kerja. Polutan tersebut terdiri dari gas-gas dan partikel. Satu hasil analisa kualitatif menun-jukkan bahwa asap malam batik mengandung NO,, CO, CO,, CH,, C,H,, H,S (Budiono, 1984; Santoso, 1986). Polutan yang terdapat di lingkungan kerja jika dihirup tenaga kerja diduga dapat menimbulkan gangguan faal paru dan jika proses ini berjalan lama mungkin menimbulkan penyakit akibat kerja (Morgan & Seaton, 1975; Lams, Chan-Yeung 1987). Polutan ini diperkirakan menimbulkan kerusakan akut atau kronis pada saluran pernapasan dan jaringan paru, kerusakan ini tergantung pada konsentrasi polutan, lama terpapar dan kerentanan tubuh (Purdom, 1980; Smith, 1988). Pemeriksaan lingkungan kerja dan kesehatan tenaga kerja merupakan upaya penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang aman dan sehat serta peningkatan derajat kesehatan tenaga kerja. "

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan antara locus of control dengan kejadian stres kerja, serta peran faktor risiko stres lainnya terhadap kejadian stres kerja.Penelitian dilakukan di instansi pemerintahan bidang pengawasan keuangan dengan subjek penelitian 150 pekerja. Penelitian berlangsung November sampai Desember 2014. Penelitian dilakukan dengan kuesioner Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS), Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), Work Locus of Control dan pengukuran Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Stres kerja ditentukan dari hasil penggabungan SRQ-20, HRV dan SDS. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk variabel bebas. Analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square untuk menetapkan variable bebas dengan kandidat yang ditentukan pada uji multivariate berdasarkan nilai p < 0.25. Faktor determinan berdasarkan korelasi antar variable bebas dengan stres kerja didapatkan dengan analisis regresi logistik ganda.Distribusi responden locus of control internal sebanyak 39,3% dan eksternal 60,7%. Risiko LoC eksternal dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres kerja lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan LoC internal (RR = 0,950; p = 0,459). Data tingkat stres kerja menunjukkan 72,7% responden tidak terdapat stres kerja. Tingkat pendidikan ditemukan sebagai faktor determinan kejadian stres kerja (RR = 1,504; p 0,000). Locus of control tidak berperan banyak dalam terjadinya stres kerja di instansi pemerintahan bidang pengawasan keuangan. Tingkat pendidikan mempunyai hubungan bermakna dalam menentukan stres kerja, dimana tingkat pendidikan tinggi memiliki korelasi dengan tingkat stres yang rendah.

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ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to determine the relationship between LoC and incidence of occupational stress, as well as examine the relationship of other stress risk factors with the incidence of occupational stress. This research was conducted during November-December 2014 in a government financial institution with 150 workers as research subjects. The research was using Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS), Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), Work Locus of Control and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measurement. Occupational stress was determined by combination of SRQ-20, HRV and SDS. Univariate analysis was performed for independent variables. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square test was done to determine independent variables with the defined candidates in the multivariate analysis based on p < 0.25. Determinant factors based on the correlation between the independent variables with occupational stress were obtained by using multiple logistic regression analysis. The LoC respondents distribution was 39.3% in the internal group and 60.7% in the external group. The result also showed that the risk for external LOC group is higher for incidence of occupational stress when compared to internal LOC group (RR = 0.950; p = 0.459). Occupational stress level data showed 72.7% of respondents did not have occupational stress. Level of education was found to be the sole determinant factor of occupational stress (RR = 1.504; p = 0.000).LoC did not have a significant role in the onset of occupational stress in government financial institution. Level of education has a significant correlation with occupational stress, where high level of education is associated with low level of occupational stress., Introduction: Occupational stress can be caused by many factors, from external as well as from internal perspectives. In dealing with occupational stress, LoC is an individual characteristic that could serve as determiningfactor for occupational stress. Aim: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between LoC and incidence of occupational stress, as wellas examine the relationship of other stress risk factors with the incidence of occupational stress. Methods: This research was conducted during November-December 2014 in a government financial institution with150 workers as research subjects. The research was using Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS), Self ReportingQuestionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), Work Locus of Control and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measurement. Occupationalstress was determined by combination of SRQ-20, HRV and SDS. Univariate analysis was performed forindependent variables. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square test was done to determine independent variables withthe defined candidates in the multivariate analysis based on p < 0.25. Determinant factors based on the correlation between the independent variables with occupational stress were obtained by using multiple logistic regressionanalysis. Results and Discussions: The LoC respondents distribution was 39.3% in the internal group and 60.7% in theexternal group. The result also showed that the risk for external LOC group is higher for incidence of occupationalstress when compared to internal LOC group (RR = 0.950; p = 0.459). Occupational stress level data showed 72.7%of respondents did not have occupational stress. Level of education was found to be the sole determinant factor ofoccupational stress (RR = 1.504; p = 0.000). Conclusion: LoC did not have a significant role in the onset of occupational stress in government financialinstitution. Level of education has a significant correlation with occupational stress, where high level of education is associated with low level of occupational stress. ]"

"[ABSTRAKAngka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia masih menempati urutan tertinggi untuk wilayah Asia Tenggara. Berdasarkan data kasus kecelakaan yang ditangani di IGD Rumah sakit Dr.Cipto Mangunkusmo pada bulan Juli sampai September 2012 terdapat 12,6 % kasus kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kecacatan antomi pada kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di RSUPN dr.Cipto mangunkusumo. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang komparatif dengan sampel penelitian pasien kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di IGD RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Sebanyak 173 sampel dari rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria. Didapatkan 57,2% pasien kecelakaam kerja mengalami kecacatan anatomi. faktor risiko usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pernikahan, jenis kecelakaan, kecepatan transportasi tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna secara statistik. Faktor determinan kecacatan anatomi pada kecelakaan kerja adalah tidak mendapat tindakan P3K segera (p= 0,04; RRsuaian = 1,57; CI 95% : 1,01 - 2,44) setelah dilakukan adjusment terhadap jenis kelamin, pekerjaan dan status pernikahan.

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ABSTRACTOccupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status.;Occupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status., Occupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status.]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pasca mengalami cacat anatomi akibat kecelakaan kerja, waktu yang dibutuhkan pekerja untuk kembali bekerja bervariasi, dengan berbagai faktor risiko yang berperan terhadap waktu kembali bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan waktu kembali bekerja antara pekerja sektor ekonomi formal dengan informal dan faktor lainnya.Metodologi: Penelitian retrospektif, dengan sampel pekerja yang mengalami cacat anatomi akibat kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, periode 1 Januari 2013 - 31 Desember 2014. Klasifikasi kecelakaan, tindakan medis, penyakit penyerta serta pembiayaan diperoleh melalui rekam medik. Sosiodemografi, sektor pekerjaan, masa kerja, waktu kembali bekerja diperoleh dari kuesioner. Analisa korelasi dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan usia, masa kerja dengan waktu kembali bekerja. Pada faktor risiko juga dilakukan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji-t tidak berpasangan dan ANOVA. Faktor risiko yang memiliki (p<0,25) dilakukan analisa multivariat dengan regresi berganda.Hasil : Diperoleh 61 subyek, mayoritas pria (95,1%), berpendidikan dasar-menengah (85,2%), tidak mendapat jaminan pembiayaan (57,4%), cacat anatomi pada ekstremitas atas (85,2%), melakukan kontrol luka (88,5%), mendapat tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup (91,8%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (88,5%). Sebanyak 33 (54,1%) subyek adalah pekerja sektor ekonomi formal. Waktu kembali bekerja pada pekerja sektor ekonomi formal lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pekerja sektor ekonomi informal dengan rata-rata perbedaan waktu 9 hari (p<0,01). Tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup mengurangi waktu kembali bekerja selama rata-rata 11 hari (p<0,01).Kesimpulan: Sektor ekonomi adalah determinan utama waktu kembali bekerja. Pekerja sektor formal mempunyai rerata waktu kembali bekerja lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pekerja informal, kemungkinan berkaitan dengan sosio-ekonomi dan akses pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai pada pekerja sektor formal. Tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup mengurangi waktu kembali bekerja secara signifkan.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Return to work time for workers with anatomical impairment due to occupational accident is varied as there are many risk factors associated with it. This study aimed to compare the mean differences return to work time between formal and informal workers and other factors.Methods: This study was a retrospective study, using sample of workers with anatomical impairment due to occupational accident who received medical care at the Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, during the period of 1st January 2013 - 31st December 2014. Accident classification, medical procedure, healhtcare coverage, other accompanying health conditions were obtained from the medical records. Sosiodemography, working sector, working period, return to work time were obtained through a questionnaire. Correlation analysis was performed to observe the relationship between age, working period with the return to work time. Bivariate analysis was also performed by using unpaired t-test and ANOVA. Multivariate analysis using multiple regression was then performed in risk factors known to have (p < 0,25).Results : Sixty-one subjects were obtained consisted of male (95.1%), with basic and intermediate educational level (85.2%), did not possesed healthcare coverage (57,4%), had upper extremities anatomical impairment (85.2%), received wound control care (88.5%), underwent closed amputation procedure (91.8%), and did not have other accompanying health conditions (88.5%). Thirty-three (54.1%) subjects were categorized in a formal working group. Formal workers had a significantly shorter mean return to work time compared to informal workers with mean differences of 9 days (p< 0,01). Closed amputation procedure reduced 11 days of return to work time (p< 0,01).Conclusion: Working sector was the main determinant for the return to work time. The formal workers had a significantly shorter return to work time compared to the informal workers, which might be associated with better socioeconomical status and access of healthcare. In addition, closed amputation procedure significantly reduced the return to work time., Introduction: Return to work time for workers with anatomical impairment dueto occupational accident is varied as there are many risk factors associated withit. This study aimed to compare the mean differences return to work timebetween formal and informal workers and other factors.Methods: This study was a retrospective study, using sample of workers withanatomical impairment due to occupational accident who received medical care atthe Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, during the period of 1vii st January 2013 - 31December 2014. Accident classification, medical procedure, healhtcare coverage,other accompanying health conditions were obtained from the medical records. Sosiodemography, working sector, working period, return to work time wereobtained through a questionnaire. Correlation analysis was performed to observethe relationship between age, working period with the return to work time.Bivariate analysis was also performed by using unpaired t-test and ANOVA.Multivariate analysis using multiple regression was then performed in risk factorsknown to have (p < 0,25).Results : Sixty-one subjects were obtained consisted of male (95.1%), with basicand intermediate educational level (85.2%), did not possesed healthcare coverage(57,4%), had upper extremities anatomical impairment (85.2%), received woundcontrol care (88.5%), underwent closed amputation procedure (91.8%), and didnot have other accompanying health conditions (88.5%). Thirty-three (54.1%)subjects were categorized in a formal working group. Formal workers had asignificantly shorter mean return to work time compared to informal workers withmean differences of 9 days (p< 0,01). Closed amputation procedure reduced 11days of return to work time (p< 0,01). Conclusion: Working sector was the main determinant for the return to worktime. The formal workers had a significantly shorter return to work timecompared to the informal workers, which might be associated with bettersocioeconomical status and access of healthcare. In addition, closed amputation procedure significantly reduced the return to work time.]"

"[Latar Belakang. Deteksi dini risiko pajanan ergonomi di tempat kerja menggunakan instrumen skrining merupakan salah satu cara cepat dan mudahyang dapat dilakukan. Instrumen RULA dan ceklis OCRA merupakan metodepenilaian semi-kuantitatif yang cukup banyak digunakan namun belum diketahuipenerapannya pada sektor informal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuikesesuaian hasil penilaian menggunakan instrumen OCRA dengan RULA untukskrining UE-WMSDs pada kelompok pekerja pengrajin logam informal. Metode. Penelitian menggunakan disain potong lintang terhadap pengrajin logaminformal Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor. Penilaian dilakukan dengan mengamatiaktivitas subyek selama delapan jam kerja per hari pada 17 bagian kerja kemudianmemberikan skor berdasarkan lembar ceklis. Hasil total skor dikategorikanmenjadi acceptable ( OCRA: ≤ 7,5; RULA: ≤ 2) dan berisiko (OCRA: ≥ 7,6;RULA ≥ 3). Hasil. Pada total subyek pekerja 78 orang didapatkan 52/78 (74,3%) subyekberisiko untuk tangan kanan dan 15/78 (34,9%) subyek untuk tangan kiri padakedua metode. Berdasarkan tugas kerja didapatkan 13/17 bagian berisiko untukkanan dan 6/17 kiri. Perbedaan hasil OCRA dan RULA terutama pada bagianbubut dan pemotongan (manual dan semi-automatis).Secara umum instrumenRULA menilai lebih banyak risiko UE-WMSDs dibandingkan OCRA dengankesesuaian dari kedua metode ini rendah pada kedua ekstremitas (kappa (kanan):0,07; kappa (kiri): 0,17). Simpulan dan Saran. Metode RULA lebih dianjurkan sebagai instrumen skrining UE-WMSDs pada pekerja logam informal. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap instrumen skrining lain dan penilaian keseluruhan proses kerja untuk penentuan metode yang paling sesuai. ;Background. The use of screening instrument is considered as effective methods forearly detection of ergonomic risk exposure at workplace. RULA and OCRA-checklistsare semi-quantitative assessment methods that have been widely used, but not widelyapplied particularly in the informal sector. This study determines the goodness of fit ofOCRA-checklists compared with RULA for screening UE-WMSDs on metalworkersinformal groups. Method. This study used a cross-sectional design involving informal metalworkersgroups in Citeureup-Bogor . Subjects? assessments being done by observing eight-houractivityperdayforeachsubjectsin17workstationandbyscoringchecklistsheets.Totalscoreresultswerecategorizedinto acceptable (OCRA: ≤ 7.5; RULA: ≤ 2) and high risk(OCRA: ≥ 7.6; RULA ≥ 3). Result. A total of 78 subjects, both methods showed 52/78(74.3%) subjects were at riskfor right hand and 15/78 (34.9%) subjects for left hand. Based on job task, 13/17 jobswere high risk for the right and 6/17 for the left hand. There were result differencebetween OCRA and RULA instruments especially for lathe and cutting (manual andsemi-automatic) jobs. Generally, RULA instrument assess more risks factors than OCRAchecklistso that goodness of fit was low for both extremities (kappa score right: 0.07;left: 0.17). Conclusion and Recommendation. RULA method is more recommended as UEWMSDsscreeninginstrumentforinformal metalworkers groups. Further research usingother type of screening instruments and overall tasks assessment is necessary to find most appropriate method. , Background. The use of screening instrument is considered as effective methods forearly detection of ergonomic risk exposure at workplace. RULA and OCRA-checklistsare semi-quantitative assessment methods that have been widely used, but not widelyapplied particularly in the informal sector. This study determines the goodness of fit ofOCRA-checklists compared with RULA for screening UE-WMSDs on metalworkersinformal groups. Method. This study used a cross-sectional design involving informal metalworkersgroups in Citeureup-Bogor . Subjects’ assessments being done by observing eight-houractivityperdayforeachsubjectsin17workstationandbyscoringchecklistsheets.Totalscoreresultswerecategorizedinto acceptable (OCRA: ≤ 7.5; RULA: ≤ 2) and high risk(OCRA: ≥ 7.6; RULA ≥ 3). Result. A total of 78 subjects, both methods showed 52/78(74.3%) subjects were at riskfor right hand and 15/78 (34.9%) subjects for left hand. Based on job task, 13/17 jobswere high risk for the right and 6/17 for the left hand. There were result differencebetween OCRA and RULA instruments especially for lathe and cutting (manual andsemi-automatic) jobs. Generally, RULA instrument assess more risks factors than OCRAchecklistso that goodness of fit was low for both extremities (kappa score right: 0.07;left: 0.17). Conclusion and Recommendation. RULA method is more recommended as UEWMSDsscreeninginstrumentforinformal metalworkers groups. Further research usingother type of screening instruments and overall tasks assessment is necessary to find most appropriate method. ]"