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"Perumahan Citra Gran - Cibubur terletak di WiIayah Timur Iota Jakarta, kesisi Selatan kearah Bojong-Bogor, Kearah Barat menuju Cilengsi. Wilayah pemukiman ini terletak pada ketinggian 150 - 200 M dari permukaan laut.Sumber Air Baku untuk air bersih pada Pemukiman ini diambil dari Sumur Dalam (Deep Well) yang kemudian dilakukan proses pengolahan di WTP (Water Treatment Plant) untuk kemudian didistribusikan ke konsuman dalam haI ini Penghuni Komplek Citra Gran - Cibubur.Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap unit-unit pengolahan dan kapasitas produksi unit pengolah tersebut sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan apakah produksi air di WTP tersebut mampu mensuplai kebutuhan air bersih di Citra Gran-Cibubur.Jika memang hasil akhir produksi air bersih sampai scat ini (tahun 2001) masih mencukupi, berarti kondisi WTP di Citra Gran - Cibubur masih bisa dimanfaatkan seiring dengan pengembangan wilayah pemukiman, dimana pengembangan tersebut terkait dengan jumlah penghuni yang menggunakan air bersih."

"ABSTRAKAdagium Pesantren sebagai lembaga yang tidak menjaga kesehatan lingkungan perlu dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Tentunya citra buruk ini menjadi beban dalam upaya mendudukan pesantren sebagai lembaga yang peduli terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Pesantren, diakui atau tidak, telah memberikan alternatif pendidikan bagi umat Islam Indonesia terutama yang menginginkan pendalaman materi keagamaan. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, lembaga pesantren tidak terbatas memberikan pelayanan pendidikan kepada anak-anak sekitar lembaga tersebut berada, bahkan lebih luas. Pesantren Nurul Hidayah yang berlokasi di Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor memiliki keunikan tersendiri. Hiruk pikuk modernitas yang terus menyebar ke pelosok desa tidak menyurutkan pesantren tersebut mempertahankan tradisionalisme ( assalafiyah) sebagai cara pandang dalam mengamalkan dan mengajarkan ajaran-ajaran agama. Fenomena ini membuat Nurul Hidayah memiliki en lain. Pesantren umumnya selalu dijadikan teladan (rujukan) bagi masyarakat yang lain, termasuk dalam hal kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian terhadap pesantren ini adalah berupaya menganalisis kesadaran santri terhadap kesehatan lingkungan sesuai dengan pengetahuan nilai-nilai keagamaan yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan hidup dan kesehatan; menganalisis upaya yang dilakukan para santri dalam memanfaatkan infrastruktur atau sarana dan prasarana yang menjadi indikator kesehatan lingkungan hidup di pesantren; menganalisis upaya manajemen pendidikan keagamaan yang diterapkan pesantren dalam mendukung para santri untuk sadar lingkungan terutama upaya menjaga kesehatan lingkungan hidup. Pesantren Nurul Hidayah, yang memiliki santri 420 orang memberikan suatu gambaran lain mengenai sebuah pesantren pada umumnya. Lokasi pesantren ini sangat terbuka dengan masyarakat, sehingga arus komunikasi dan informasi terus menerus terjadi setiap saat. Keadaan ini membuat pesantren semakin dekat dengan masyarakat. Kedekatan inilah yang secara tidak sadar menjadi kontrol yang kuat kepada para santri untuk selalu menjaga citra yang baik. Salah satu citra yang ditimbulkan adalah objek yang kasat mata, yang dilihat langsung, yaitu kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Tentunya, keadaan ini membuat para Ustaz dan Kyai berupaya menyadarkan para santri untuk menjaga kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Upaya-upaya yang telah dilakukan, selain mengisi anjuran setiap mengaji, Kyai dan ustaz serta para pengurus santri membuat sebuah program dan aturan yang dikelola secara rutin dan berkelanjutan. Program ini cukup, efektif, karena selain impelementasi, para santri juga menyadari secara umum mengenai pentingnya kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Kesadaran inilah yang kali pertama dimunculkan dengan sebuah pengetahuan atau pengajaran tentang kebersihan seperti yang diajarkan para Kyai dan ustaz dalam Al Qur?an dan Al Hadits. Pengetahuan ini yang menimbulkan sebuah pemahaman ( verstehen) yang mendalam akan pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan seperti yang dianjurkan oleh Al- Qur?an dan Al Hadits.

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ABSTRACT

The Pesantren institution is not limited only for giving education service of people live around, but also for people outside the area who come to study the religious knowledge at there. Santri study at Pesantren, live and remain at boarding houses built by Kyai (Muslim scholar). The higher amounts of santri live and remain at boarding houses during they are studying Islamic knowledge, the higher problems emerge. The problem encountered by the institution is preparing and supplying needs of santri during they are studying there; such as building boarding houses, supplying the clean water for daily needs (drinking, having meal, bathing, and washing), loosing the bowels, and other solid and liquid disposals. Man always lives interacting with his environment in persistence. The interaction gives experiences. The observation and experience will cause ?image of environment? which describes about life experience. If a man whose image of environment is negative that means he does not understand how importance of preserving environmental functions for viability and life, the man tends to be apathetic about his environment. That negative image of environment drives various environmental problems. Consequently, it will affect for all structures of life including man himself. Man holds the essential role of managing ecosystem, yet man also carries destruction of the system. Therefore, it needs man?s awareness about functions of ecosystem. This awareness deeply related with man position which is central among other creature. The awareness toward environment turns up from man ability to understand about ecosystem functions for his life. That understanding is based on knowledge belongs to an individual or community derived through experience as well as information of ecosystem. The research is a case study, which means the approach orients to maintain the wholeness of the researched object. Moreover, as the case study, this research is able to study, explore, or interpret particular case naturally in its context without any interference. Whereas viewed from aspect of selecting case, the research is categorized as instrumental case study, which prefers to elaborate and prove the theory made before. Data is collected and studied as the massive wholeness (integrated) which head for bolster deeper knowledge about the researched object. This case study asserts to develop hypothesis designed as work hypothesis. The developing of the hypothesis is through collecting data/information by observation and indepth interview technique. Viewed from the nature of study, the research uses qualitative approach grounded in facts. It orients to give detail description of background of natures, exclusive character of the case, and the general status of the related case. Pesantren Nurul Hidayah has 420 santri, giving another picture about a pesantren in general. The location of the pesantren is open-air for society, so those communication and information streams occur persistently in any time. This xvi closeness unconsciously becomes a strong control for santri to keep their good image. One of images controlled by is visible object and directed sight that is cleanliness and environmental health. This condition insists ustadz (teachers) and kyai bring santri round to keep cleanliness and environmental health. The efforts conducted are besides they give advices during they are studying, kyai, ustdaz and santri board create programs and rules which are managed continually and routinely. The program is quite effective because it is not only implementation, but also santri realize generally about cleanliness as thought by ustadz and kyai derived from al- Qur?an and Hadith massages. The knowledge causes deep understanding ( versetehen) of importance of clean environment as withdrawn by those two Islamic sources. This phenomenon will raise the image gives argumentation about santri?s behaviour and implementation toward the environmental health of pesantren. The image can not be valued by their selves, because it comes from other?s interpretation about the pesantren condition. From environmental awareness aspect, several primary aspects of the image can be viewed from the advancement of amount of santri come to study in every year. Furthermore, Pesantren Nurul Hidayah is more openly for society; interaction with surrounding is tight, attitude of helping each other, mutual assistance, voluntary work, and night watch etc. become evidences of that image of pesantren leads to the better level. In this field, researcher gives conclusions: 1) knowledge, attitude and behaviour of pesantren community, especially santri, indicate good response and high care on any efforts and attempts of environmental management which support the healthy life condition. 2) Efforts of pasantren in supplying infrastructure of health which is related with ecosystem by creating rules and regulations state all pesantren inhabitants are necessary to keep and create cleanliness and beauty of environment and also to give punishment for regulation violators. They should conduct program of cleaning environment in daily and weekly as well as supply cleaning equipments/devices, and the disposal spot and obliteration. Besides that, the santri board or santri organization is established as the programs implementer as well as implementing function of control. 3) Process of managing environment is norm and value of santri life which bears the life philosophy of self-help and considered as the worship (ibadah). Togetherness becomes a basis and responsibility of santri community who live together. The program of clean environment and healthy as well as implementing punishment for the violators, are in the form of such the program of clean Friday (jumat) and contest of cleanliness of religious institutions. The realization of those programs needs further support from competent institution in delivering health counseling. Some of the handicaps are process of ecosystem supports health is fund and hygienist and none of a subject that is dealt generally with environment. 4) The image made in very long time is not true which states santri and pesantren are slovenly, exclusive, anti-social, and irresponsible. Some evidences in semiotic study point out alteration or transition of image into better toward the santri life. The suggestions will be offered by the researcher are: 1) to increase more cooperation among related and competent institutions through designing integrated programs of advancing society especially pesantren community in order to increase ecosystem quality support the health. 2) to develop efforts of socializing ecosystem functions to society and pesantren community trough both counseling and program of simulation of ecosystem functions persistently by related institutions. 3) to xvii allocate government aids in both hardware and software which are dealt directly with efforts of enhancing ecosystem quality, such supplying books, magazines, brochures, and cleaning devices and hygienists for pesantren. 4) to attempt to design particular curriculum of ecosystem-based religious education. The curriculum is very essential; furthermore santri in the future will become leader assigned as model for other communities."

"Menurunnya kualitas lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh sampah harus ditangani secara serius. Ibarat sebuah "bom waktu? masalah sampah dapat menjadi bencana besar bagi umat manusia, karena dapat meledak kapan saja. Pada tanggal 8 September 2006 pukul 00.00 WIB, telah terjadi tragedi yang menelan korban jiwa di TPA Bantar Gebang milik Pemerintah Daerah DKI Jakarta. Keadaan ini semata-mata bukanlah sekedar persoalan kelemahan teknologi, melainkan sistem pengelolaan persampahan yang tidak terpadu. Jumlah penduduk di DKI Jakarta, berdasarkan Jakarta Dalam Angka 2003 (tidak termasuk wilayah Kepulauan Seribu) tercatat sebanyak 7.438.008 jiwa dengan tingkat kepadatan 11.244 jiwa/km2. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta diperkirakan telah menghasilkan sampah padat kurang lebih 22.265 m3 per hari atau sekitar 6.000 ton per hari. Pola pengelolaan sampah di Kota Jakarta umumnya masih menganut pola sistem kumpul-angkut-buang dari sumber hingga ke TPA. Berdasarkan data dari Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2001, estimasi sampah padat yang terkumpul dan diangkut kurang lebih 70% ke TPA Bantargebang, 16,5% ke lokasi-lokasi informal, dan 13% tidak terkelola (seperti dibuang ke sungai dan sepanjang pinggir jalan), TPA Bantar gebang semula direncanakan untuk ditutup pada tahun 2003. Sementara mencari altematif pengganti TPA Bantar Gebang yang lain, Pemda DKI Jakarta berusaha mencari jalan keluar, .yaitu memperpanjang usia lahan tersebut dengan melakukan pengolahan sampah 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) sebelum sampah masuk ke TPA. Salah satu bentuk usaha lain untuk pengurangan sampah pra TPA yaitu dengan membangun Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) I Intermediate Treatment Facilities (1TF) di 4 wilayah Kota Jakarta berdasarkan hasil kajian review master plan DKI Jakarta 2005 - 2015. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk: (1) Mendapatkan informasi mengenai kondisi eksisting sistem pengelolaan sampah di DKI Jakarta khususnya proses pengambilan keputusan tentang pemilihan teknologi pengolahan sampah terpadu 1 intermediate Treatment Facilities (ITF) dan prosedur kerjasama antara pihak Pemda dengan swasta yang telah berjalan saat ini, (2) Menentukan prioritas pilihan teknologi ITF yang dibutuhkan untuk kota Jakarta, (3) Merumuskan Strategi untuk mendukung kelancaran penerapan ITF di dalam sistem pengelolaan sampah DKI Jakarta. Konsep pengelolaan sampah paradigma baru yaitu dengan melakukan intervensi pengolahan sampah dengan cara 3R (reduce, reuse,recycle) dari sumber hingga ke TPA. Untuk mengubah pola kebijakan pengelolaan sampah setidaknya meliputi 5 (lima) aspek yaitu: (1) aspek hukum, (2) aspek kelembagaan, (3) aspek pembiayaan, (4) aspek sosial budaya, dan (5) aspek teknis operasional/ teknologi. Pada tahap penentuan prioritas pemilihan teknologi ITF menggunakan model Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan perumusan strategi pengelolaan sampah dipergunakan model analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threaths). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa: (1) hingga akhir tahun 2006 rencana pembangunan intermediate Treament Facilities (ITF) belum ada yang terealisasi, baru sampai dengan tahap perjanjian kerjasama antara pihak Pemda dan Swasta. Proposal penawaran teknologi ITF yang diterima belum disertai panduan hasil kajian jenis teknologi pengolahan sampah yang sesuai dengan kondisi kota Jakarta; (2) berdasarkan kaidah kriteria pembangunan berkelanjutan, kecenderungan pemilihan teknologi pengolahan sampah berdasarkan hasil analisis AHP adalah teknologi composting & recycling 68% dibandingkan dengan incinerator 32%, dengan overall inconsistency index 0.05. Teknologi tersebut akan dapat memperpanjang usia pemakaian TPA yang telah ada, serta produk akhir berupa kompos lebih aman diserap lingkungan dan dapat digunakan sebagai tanah penutup sanitary landfill; (3) untuk mendukung penerapan ITF agar terkelola dengan baik dan mendukung fungsi pembangunan berkelanjutan, maka hasil rumusan dari analisis SWOT menjelaskan posisi daya saing Pemda DKI Jakarta berada pada posisi yang memiliki kekuatan dan menghadapi ancaman. Istilah lain pada kuadran ini adalah mobilization strategy yaitu strategi memobilisasi kekuatan yang dimiliki lembaga untuk mengatasi hambatan /ancaman. Pada posisi tersebut telah dirumuskan beberapa strategi yaitu: (i) perlu dibuat desain socio-engineering untuk mengantisipasi protes/penolakan masyarakat dengan keinginan Pemda DKI Jakarta untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan sampah terpadu, (ii) pengalokasian dana APBD untuk penanganan sampah dan socio¬engineering, dan (iii) melibatkan peran serta stakeholder sejak awal desain perencanaan pengelolaan sampah. Disarankan untuk mendukung rencana pembangunan ITF perlu diketahui jenis dan teknologi yang benar-benar dibutuhkan bagi Kota Jakarta. Sesuai dengan rencana hasil kajian persampahan dari Bank Dunia, residu dari ITF dapat diteruskan untuk dikelola ke TPA Regional melalui Jabodetabek Waste Management Corporation, maupun ke TPA Bantar Gebang milik Pemda DKI Jakarta. Untuk penerapan ITF di salah satu wilayah Kota Jakarta, maka perlu disertakan konsep desain socio¬engineering-nya. Target socio-engineering tersebut yaitu merubah pola pikir masyarakat NIMBY (Not in My Back Yard) Syndrome menjadi "Sampahku Tanggung Jawabku". Untuk melakukan proses tender pun, kecenderungan pilihan teknologi komposting pada penelitian ini dapat memudahkan pihak Pemda-DKI Jakarta jika tertarik untuk menseleksi tawaran-tawaran proposal teknologi dari pihak swasta yang masuk untuk pengolahan sampah. Seleksi bukan lagi antara teknologi yang tidak sejenis, tapi seleksi antara teknologi yang sejenis dari pihak yang berbeda-beda. Pemda dapat fokus untuk memilih swasta yang profesional dan berpengalaman menangani masalah sampah. Proses seleksi ini sudah diatur oleh Pemerintah Pusat di dalam Perpres No. 67 Tahun 2005 tentang Kerjasama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha dalam upaya Penyediaan Infrastruktur. Selain itu upaya 3R juga sudah dilakukan dari sumber, sarana dan prasarana persampahan sudah mulai dipilah-pilah sesual komposisi sampahnya. Tidak hanya dimulai dari sistem pewadahan yang terpilah namun hingga transportasi pengangkutan sampahnya pun mulai tidak bercampur lagi. Truk-truk pengangkut sampah diharapkan dalam kondisi yang layak, sehingga tidak lagi menyebabkan tetesan air lindi yang menetes disepanjang perjalanan menuju lokasi pengolahan seperti sekarang ini.

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Degrading quality of the environment caused by waste should be taken seriously. Like a "time bomb" that may go off any time, the problem of waste may turn into a great disaster for people unexpectedly. On September 8, 2006, at 00.00 hours, a tragedy at Bantar Gebang garbage dump (TPA Bantar Gebang) owned by the city administration of Jakarta took place and cost many lives. The cause was not a lack of technology; rather, it was the waste management system that was not implemented in an integrated manner.

According to '2003 Jakarta in Figures' data, the capital city (Kepulauan Seribu not included) had a population of 7,438,008 with population density of 11,2441sq.km. The city's sanitary service estimates that these people produce solid waste of around 22,265 cu.m. per day or 6,000 tons daily. Garbage in Jakarta is still handled using the conservative collect-transport-dump system, from collection sites to dump sites. The sanitary service's 2001 data show that of all solid waste collected, about 70% was transported to Bantar Gebang landfill site and 16.5% was taken to unofficial locations while 13% was not properly handled (dumped to rivers and on roadsides). The city originally planned to close down TPA Bantar Gebang in 2003. While looking for alternative landfills sites, the city administration tried to find solutions to the problem - one of them was to extend the life of landfill use by handling waste using 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) method before taking it for final processing at garbage dump sites. Another attempt made by city officials was to reduce the amount of waste going to these sites by constructing intermediate treatment facilities (ITF) in 4 areas prescribed according to the results of Jakarta's 2005-2015 master plan review.

This research aims at: (1) describing existing conditions of Jakarta's waste management system, with respect to the plan to install intermediate treatment facilities (ITFs); (2) giving recommendations as to one single technology for use in the ITF installation plan using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method; and (3) analyzing strategies devised by the city administration in connection with ITF installation plan using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis.

The new concept of waste management is to handle waste using the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) method. In order for the city to be able to change its current waste management policy, the following five aspects should be considered: (1) legal; (2) institutional; (3) financial; (4) socio-cultural; and (5) operational/technological.

Problems were assessed using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The AHP model was used at the technical stage in which ITF technologies were selected while the SWOT analysis method was used at the waste management strategy identification stage.

With regard to Jakarta's waste management system, research results showed the following: (1) until the end of 2006 year, the city's plan to install ITFs in support of the overall waste management system is not realization. The city needs to identify a technology appropriate for its waste management requirements; (2) Base on sustainable development principle, the AHP results with regard to appropriate waste management technologies give composting & recycling model than incineration model (with overall inconsistency index of 0.05) as the best approach for Jakarta's waste problem; (3) in order to support technologically manageable for the ITF, SWOT analysis results positioned the city administration in the strengths and threats quadrants in terms of competitive advantages. It is regarding with the mobilization strategy. It has sufficient and favorable internal strengths to mobilize these threats. The strategy are: (i) need a socio-engineering design to anticipate such threats from the society, regarding local government program of integrated solid waste management, (ii) allocate local government fund (APDB) for solid waste management and socio- engineering design, (iii) involve the stakeholder from the first design of solid waste management plan.

A suggestion to support ITF program, the Jakarta city needs to identify a technology appropriate for its waste management requirements. Based on World Bank study/examination, ITF system can be integrated with Regional Sanitary Landfill, on behalf of Jabodetabek Waste Management Corporation or TPA Banter Gebang. In order to implement of 1TF technology in Jakarta's city, it needs a socio-engineering design. Targets of socio - engineering design are changing a society mindset from "Not in My Backyard Syndrome" into "responsibility of my own waste". Concepts of waste management offered by external parties should go through strict selection procedures. A tender should be held by the administration to select offers made by private technology providers. Bidding should not be concerned with the selection of different technologies but with the selection of different providers of one type of technology. The city administration can focus on appointing a professional private company that has extensive experiences in handling waste.

The selection process itself is governed by the National Government Regulation No. 67. of 2005 on the Cooperation between the Government and Business Entities in the Provision of Infrastructures. An ideal waste management is an integrated system of collecting, sorting and processing garbage starting from the collection all through the garbage dump sites. In order to support such integrated system, waste infrastructures and facilities should be arranged differently according to types of waste. Different containers and means of transportation should be used. Garbage trucks should be properly serviceable to prevent waste water (leachate) dripping all the way to .the dump sites, a problem the city is currently struggling to deal with."