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Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas evaluasi kesesuaian antara sarana pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran yang tersedia di unit pembangkit listrik PT Indonesia Power Suralaya pada tahun 2013 dengan acuan menggunakan standar nasional berupa Kepmen PU No 10/KPTS/2000 dan Kepmen PU No. 02/KPTS/1985 dan internasional berupa NFPA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan komparatif. Sarana pencegahan dan penanggulangan yang dilihat adalah kelengkapan tapak, sarana proteksi aktif, pasif, penyelamatan jiwa, dan manajemen keselamatan kebakaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sarana pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran yang tersedia sesuai dengan acuan yang digunakan. ...... The study focused on evaluation of fire prevention and management at power generation of PT Indonesia Power Suralaya in 2013 is using national regulation and international regulation. The national regulation which is used is Kepmen PU No. 10/KPTS/2000 and Kepmen PU No. 02/KPTS/2985 and for the international regulation is NFPA. This study is using qualitative analytic descriptive research with comparative approach. The fire prevention is including equipment site, active and passive fire protection, life safety way, and fire management. In resulting, there are suitability between the fire protection equipment and the regulation.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Manajemen dan Penerapan Sistem Keselamatan Kebakaran pada Bangunan Gedung di Kawasan Kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok dengan metode penelitian Semi Kuantitatif dan desain Deskriptif Analitik. Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan kesesuaian 12 safety parametes dan persyaratan tambahan pada NFPA 101A: Alternate Approaches to Life Safety dengan standar NFPA 101: Life Safety Code. ®. Variabel yang dianalisis adalah komponen Manajemen, Penerapan Sistem Keselamatan dan Proteksi Kebakaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kinerja sistem keselamatan kebakaran cenderung kurang baik, hal tersebut dipengaruhi manajemen yang kurang baik, hasil evaluasi dimaksudkan untuk tindak lanjut perbaikan dan peningkatan kinerja sistem keselamatan kebakaran yang diterapkan. ......This research is aimed to evaluate the performance of management and the application of the Fire Safety Systems Building in the area of University of Indonesia, Depok, by Semi-Quantitative research methods Descriptive Analytical design. The evaluation is based on conformity 12 safety parameters and the additional requirements in NFPA 101A: Alternate Approaches to Life Safety standards NFPA 101: Life Safety Code. ®. The variables analyzed were components of Management, Implementation of Safety and Fire Protection Systems. The results showed the performance of fire safety systems tend to be less good, it is influenced by poor management, the results of the evaluation is intended for the follow-up fixes and performance improvements of are applicable fire safety systems are applicable.

Abstrak :
Rumah toko atau ruko, merupakan bangunan dengan fungsi utama sebagai hunian dan usaha. Peralihan fungsi sesuai perkembangan kebutuhan, menyebabkan penyesuaian persyaratan teknis mengenai keandalan gedung terhadap bahaya kebakaran. Teknologi kabut air merupakan salah satu sistem pemadaman untuk mengurangi resiko kerusakan material, melalui pendinginan permukaan bahan bakar. Kayu (bahan selulosa) yang termasuk dalam peralatan yang umum digunakan yang beradadi dalam ruangan ruko, dimana dalam eksperimen ini digunakan sebagai material bahan bakar. Metode penelitian menggunakan pancaran bentuk kerucut penuh (full cone spray) melalui 1 nosel dengan tekanan bervariasi untuk varisi penempatan bahan bakar. Simulasi komputer FDS 6 digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hasil eksperimen dan hasil simulasi, serta efektifitas pemadaman kebakaran bahan selulosa. ......Shophouse is a building which main function as housing and business. Transition in its main function in accordance with the time, has caused new adaptation for technical requirements fulfillment of building reliability on fire hazard. Water mist is one of fire fighting system that minimize the risk of material damage by cooling surface fuel material. Wood (cellulose material) including common material appears in shophouses room, which in this experiment, used as fuel material. Research method using full cone spray with various pressure for 1 nozzle and various posisi fuel placement was performed. Computer simulation FDS 6 is used to determine connection between result generates by the experiment and simulation, also its effectivity in fire fighting of cellulosic material.

Abstrak :
Kondisi darurat adalah suatu kejadian yang luar biasa dan secara umum dapat rnendatangkan kerugian harta benda atau pun mengancam jiwa manusia. Suatu kejadian yang dapat memungkinkan terjadinya kondisi darurat antara lain kebakaran, bencana alam, banjir ancaman bom dan lain-lainnya. Mengingat karena keselamatan adalah kepentingan setiap orang maka setiap orang harus siap menghadapi keadaan darurat tersebut. Kebakaran merupakan salah satu keadaan darurat yang harus di waspadai, salah satu penyebab terjadinya kebakaran adalah belum diterapkannya Fire Safety Management secara efektif. Manajemen pengaman kebakaran (Fire Safety Management) merupakan kunci paling panting dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan bahaya kebakaran di tempat kerja, sekalipun dibandingkan dengan upaya yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kebakaran. Tujuan penelitian tesis ini adalah membahas mengenai waktu yang diperlukan untuk melakukan evakuasi pada keadaan darurat yaitu kebakaran di sebuah Gedung Perkantoran X di Jakarta selatan dengan menggunakan pemodelan evacnet4. Pemodelan evacnet4 merupakan salah satu cara untuk melakukan prediksi mengenai kejadian kebakaran sehingga dampak yang ditimbulkan dari suatu kejadian kebakaran dapat ditanggulangi dengan sebaik-baiknya. Pemodelan evacnet ini menguraikan secara mendetail kondisi yang optimal dalam evakuasi untuk memperkecil waktu evakuasi penghuni gedung agar secepat mungkin dapat dilakukan evakuasi. Hasil dari pemodelan evacnet ini dapat dijadikan saran dan masukan bagi pengelola gedung untuk memperbaiki sistem tanggap darurat yang ada sehingga apabila terjadi kebakaran waktu evakuasi yang dibutuhkan tidak lama dan kerugian harta benda dan korban jiwa dapat dihindari. ......Emergency conditions is a extremly condition, which can effect to human kind, and property damage. Circumtances which can lead to emergency condition are tire, natural disaster, bomb, etc. Knowing that safety is everybody concern, therefore every worker should prepare for emergency condition. Fire is one of emergency state which should be warned, because the lack of tire safety management appliance. Fire safety management is the effective key to prevent and overcome fire hazard in work place. Therefore, the objetive of this thesis is : Describing time/duration factor during evacuation on emergency situation, at X Office Building, South Jakarta, using evacnet 4 model. Evacnet 4 model is a tool that can be used to predict fire condition, in a way to reduce the impact. Evacnet model describes how to efficiently conduct the evacuation. The result of evacnet model can be used to develop and improve emergency response system in building, in purpose to minimize the duration during evacuation, and loss to human and property damage.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pengembangan sebuah wilayah perkotaan sudah seharusnya mempertimbangkan berbagai zona yang padat dan sibuk dengan aktivitas ekonomi termasuk stasiun kereta. Moda transportasi ini mempunyai kapasitas dapat mengangkut penumpang dalam jumlah yang besar, beroperasi secara cepat, nyaman, aman dan terjadwal dengan frekwensi operasi yang tinggi. Keselamatan jiwa penumpang dan orang yang bekerja di area tersebut harus menjadi prioritas utama dalam tahap desain, konstruksi, operasi dan pemeliharaan sistem. Kebakaran yang terjadi pada area padat dan sibuk seperti stasiun masih menjadi permasalahan besar, termasuk di Jakarta, Indonesia. Kebakaran di sistem transportasi massal memberikan dampak yang serius karena dapat membawa korban jiwa dan kerugian ekonomi yang besar. Kondisi keramaian dan padat yang berakibat orang terluka atau tewas tidak terbatas hanya pada keadaan darurat kebakaran. Bahkan kondisi ini dapat terjadi dalam keadaan yang nampak seperti normal. Dalam tahap desain stasiun komuterline dan mass rapid transit yang baru, karakteristik pergerakan penumpang lokal harus menjadi pertimbangan utama. Tulisan ini menampilkan hasil analisis pergerakan penumpang berdasarkan survey dari tiga stasiun komuterline tersibuk di Jakarta. Survey dilaksanakan selama jam-jam sibuk pada pagi hari dan sore hari. Hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa pergerakan penumpang dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan di berbagai lokasi di stasiun, di peron, di concourse dan tiket gate. Nilai aliran spesifik yang optimum juga diperoleh untuk dijadikan kerangka acuan yang dapat dipertimbangkan selama tahap desain. Secara umum, hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rata-rata kecepatan berjalan dan aliran spesifik penumpang lokal dalam tingkat kepadatan tertentu sedikit lebih rendah dibanding standard dinegara yang telah berpengalaman dengan sistem tranportasi sejenis (Singapura, USA dan Jepang). Analisis teknik keselamatan kebakaran digunakan untuk mendapatkan tingkat keselamatan optimum di stasiun, jumlah, luasan, panjang/lebar lintasan evakuasi dan sistem pendukung lainnya. Hasil analisis diaplikasikan sebagai masukan dalam menyusun tingkatan optimum dalam peningkatan layanan normal dan darurat kebakaran di stasiun.

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ABSTRACT
The development of an urban area have to include the consideration of various zone which crowded by economic activity. Railway have become the most popular transportation mode due to by its capacity in carrying large number of passengers, rapid operation, comfort, safety and high frequency of operation. Life safety of the passenger is the main consideration during the design stage, construction, operation and maintenance of the whole systems. In this issue, a fire disaster that occurs in crowded and busy areas is still major problem, including in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. A fire disaster in a mass public transportation system could cause serious impact due to thousand of pupils may be affected. During design stage of a new mass rapid transit lines, the walking characteristics of the local passengers should be greatly considered. This paper presented the result of passenger movement based on survey of three busiest commuterline stations in Jakarta. The survey was carried out during the peak hours both in the morning and in the evening. It is observed that the walking of the passenger was affected by density at various locations measured on the platform and concourse levels as well as at the ticket gates. The corresponding value of the specific flow was also derived to frame the average value that could be considered during the design stage of a new line. In general, the study show that both the average walking speed and the specific flow of the local passengers at certain density are slightly lower than the average value given in the international standards such as Standard for Fire Safety in Rapid Transit System (Singapore), NFPA 130 (USA) and MLIT (Technical Standard Requirement for Japan Railway). The study show that fire engineering analysis is necessary to determine system means of escape, number means of escape, area means of escape, width/distance means of escape and others ancylary system. Result of analysis applied as inputs in prepeparing the optimum level in improving services normal condition and fire mergency at railstation.;The development of an urban area have to include the consideration of various zone which crowded by economic activity. Railway have become the most popular transportation mode due to by its capacity in carrying large number of passengers, rapid operation, comfort, safety and high frequency of operation. Life safety of the passenger is the main consideration during the design stage, construction, operation and maintenance of the whole systems. In this issue, a fire disaster that occurs in crowded and busy areas is still major problem, including in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. A fire disaster in a mass public transportation system could cause serious impact due to thousand of pupils may be affected. During design stage of a new mass rapid transit lines, the walking characteristics of the local passengers should be greatly considered. This paper presented the result of passenger movement based on survey of three busiest commuterline stations in Jakarta. The survey was carried out during the peak hours both in the morning and in the evening. It is observed that the walking of the passenger was affected by density at various locations measured on the platform and concourse levels as well as at the ticket gates. The corresponding value of the specific flow was also derived to frame the average value that could be considered during the design stage of a new line. In general, the study show that both the average walking speed and the specific flow of the local passengers at certain density are slightly lower than the average value given in the international standards such as Standard for Fire Safety in Rapid Transit System (Singapore), NFPA 130 (USA) and MLIT (Technical Standard Requirement for Japan Railway). The study show that fire engineering analysis is necessary to determine system means of escape, number means of escape, area means of escape, width/distance means of escape and others ancylary system. Result of analysis applied as inputs in prepeparing the optimum level in improving services normal condition and fire mergency at railstation., The development of an urban area have to include the consideration of various zone which crowded by economic activity. Railway have become the most popular transportation mode due to by its capacity in carrying large number of passengers, rapid operation, comfort, safety and high frequency of operation. Life safety of the passenger is the main consideration during the design stage, construction, operation and maintenance of the whole systems. In this issue, a fire disaster that occurs in crowded and busy areas is still major problem, including in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. A fire disaster in a mass public transportation system could cause serious impact due to thousand of pupils may be affected. During design stage of a new mass rapid transit lines, the walking characteristics of the local passengers should be greatly considered. This paper presented the result of passenger movement based on survey of three busiest commuterline stations in Jakarta. The survey was carried out during the peak hours both in the morning and in the evening. It is observed that the walking of the passenger was affected by density at various locations measured on the platform and concourse levels as well as at the ticket gates. The corresponding value of the specific flow was also derived to frame the average value that could be considered during the design stage of a new line. In general, the study show that both the average walking speed and the specific flow of the local passengers at certain density are slightly lower than the average value given in the international standards such as Standard for Fire Safety in Rapid Transit System (Singapore), NFPA 130 (USA) and MLIT (Technical Standard Requirement for Japan Railway). The study show that fire engineering analysis is necessary to determine system means of escape, number means of escape, area means of escape, width/distance means of escape and others ancylary system. Result of analysis applied as inputs in prepeparing the optimum level in improving services normal condition and fire mergency at railstation.]

Abstrak :
Salah satu upaya untuk menghindari jatuhnya korban jiwa pada kebakaran adalah dengan melakukan evakuasi yang efektif dan aman. Namun pada saat bangunan melakukan evakuasi penuh, dapat terjadi penurunan kecepatan turun tangga yang mungkin disebabkan jauhnya jarak tempuh dan kepadatan yang akan memperlama waktu mencapai daerah aman di lantai dasar luar bangunan. Sesuai hasil penelitian Aydin Ӧzkaya [1] tentang pengaruh faktor budaya setempat pada evakuasi, untuk itu pada penelitian ini akan dipelajari karakteristik evakuasi penghuni gedung di Indonesia dan strategi evakuasi yang diharapkan dapat mempercepat waktu perjalanan (travel time) seperti strategi penempatan lif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan simulasi. Dari hasil survei latihan evakuasi yang diperoleh sepertinya terlihat adanya penurunan kecepatan saat terjadi pertambahan jarak tempuh dan peningkatan kepadatan. Pada survei dengan kondisi tidak ramai, kecepatan turun tangga dari lantai 4, lantai 9, dan lantai 19 berturut-turut adalah ± 0.70 ? 0.81 m/s, ± 0.62 ? 0.75 m/s, dan ± 0.50 - 0.73 m/s. Sedangkan pada kondisi dimana terlihat adanya antrian pada lantai pengamatan atas, kecepatan yang terjadi dapat lebih rendah dari pengamatan dengan jarak tempuh yang lebih jauh namun dalam kondisi yang tidak ramai. Data kecepatan penghuni yang diperoleh dari survei sesuai dengan literatur pada SFPE Handbook. Perilaku penghuni yang sepertinya menimbulkan antrian adalah perilaku pelaku evakuasi yang berjalan bersisian dengan anggota kelompoknya. Dari simulasi yang dilakukan, didapat hasil bahwa strategi pengaturan ruang gerak pada tangga eksit dengan pemisahan jalur antara pelaku evakuasi yang bergerak lambat dan berkelompok dengan pelaku evakuasi yang bergerak lebih cepat menghasilkan waktu perjalanan lebih cepat dari kondisi dimana pelaku evakuasi lambat berada pada jalur dalam dan luar tangga dan dari 2 strategi penempatan lif. Penambahan sarana lif secara umum sepertinya dapat mempercepat waktu perjalanan, dengan waktu perjalanan yang paling cepat didapat pada penempatan semua lif di lantai refuge tengah. ......One of the way to avoid the loss of life during building fires is by performing effective and safe evacuation. When building has to perform full evacuation, the decrease of downward speed could happen due to the increase of travel distance and density on stairs, that might caused delay to reach safety area that located outside the building on the ground floor. As sugested from Aydin Ӧzkaya [1] reseach about the influence of cultural background on evacution, therefore this paper intended to study the building occupant evacuation characteristic in Indonesia and the evacuation strategy that might improve evacuee travel time, such as elevator placement strategy. The reseach method are survey and simulation. The result from the evacuation drill survey sugested that the increase of travel distance and density could caused the decrease of downward speed. On the survey that relatively happen in uncrowded condition, the downward speed decending from 4th floor, 9th floor, and 19th floor were ± 0.70 ? 0.81 m/s, ± 0.62 - 0.75 m/s, dan ± 0.50 - 0.73 m/s, respectively. From the survey that queues already seen in the upper observation floor, the downward speed of evacuee can be lower than downward speed of evacuee from farther travel distance, but in relatively not crowded condition. The survey result in good understanding with literature in SFPE Handbook. The behaviour of evacuee that might create queues is the evacuee behaviour that travel side by side with other member of the group. The arrangement of space for movement in the exit stairs strategy, by separate the pathway of slow-moving evacuees (including travel in group evacuee) and fast moving evacuees, can faster the evacuees travel time. The travel time result are faster than the condition were slow-moving evacuees travel on the inside and outside part of the stairs and from 2 condition of elevator placement strategy. In general, the addition of elevator can faster the travel time. The fastest travel time resulted when all elevator positioned on refuge floor in the middle of building.