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Abstrak :
Sebagian besar masyarakat menyampaikan pengetahuan etnobotani secara lisan sehingga banyak dari pengetahuan mereka tidak terdokumentasikan. Tingkat pengetahuan etnobotani dipengaruhi oleh umur pada masyarakat. Namun, beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan etnobotani tidak dipengaruhi oleh umur. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pendekatan etnobotani untuk mendokumentasikan pengetahuan etnobotani dan mengetahui pengaruh umur pada masyarakat pada tingkat pengetahuan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat subetnis Batak Toba di Desa Peadungdung, Sumatera Utara. Pengumpulan data etnobotani dan deskripsi desa dilakukan dengan metode wawancara terbuka dan semistruktural. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu mengelompokkan spesies tumbuhan berdasarkan kategori guna dan pendekatan kuantitatif, yaitu analisis UVs, ICS dan LUVI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 163 spesies tumbuhan berguna dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan kegunaan, yaitu bahan pangan (71 spesies), kayu bakar (25 spesies), teknologi lokal (18 spesies), obat-obatan (92 spesies), konstruksi bangunan (13 spesies), tali-temali 15 spesies), pakan ternak (20 spesies), kerajinan (11 spesies), simbol (21 spesies) dan berpotensi ekonomi (12 spesies). Arenga pinnata merupakan spesies tumbuhan dengan nilai kultural (ICS) dan nilai guna (UVs) tertinggi. Bahan pangan merupakan kategori guna dengan nilai kepentingan lokal (LUVI) tertinggi, yaitu 9,9%. Tingkat pengetahuan etnobotani terendah pada kelompok responden berumur 17--30 tahun.

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Orally delivery about ethnobotanical knowledge cause the knowledge is not documented. The level of ethnobotanical knowledge in a society?s are different based on the age. However, some studies suggest that the level of ethnobotanical knowledge are not affected by age. Therefore, the ethnobotanical approach needs to documenting the ethnobotanical knowledge and identify the knowledge level of the local society about the use of plants. The study was conducted in Batak Toba sub-ethnic society in Peadungdung rural, North Sumatera. This study used open interview and semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed qualitatively by categorizing plant species based on their use dan quantitatively by measuring ICS, UVs and LUVI. The result show that 163 species of plant are used which are as food (71 species), fuelwood (25 species), local technology (18 species), medicines (92 species), the building materials (13 species), ropes (15 species), fodder (20 species), crafts (11 species), symbols (21 species) and economic potential (12 species). Arenga pinnata is the species with the highest value of ICS and UVs. Food is the most important use category because have the highest value of local interests (LUVI), that is 9,9%. The lowest level of ethnobotanical knowledge goes to 17--30 years-old respondent.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mendeteksi keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari tiga macam organ Bischofia javanica Blume. Pendeteksian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dengan menggunakan standar pembanding β-sitosterol, diosgenin, digoxin, piperin, boldin, kuersetin, rutin, dan asam tanat. Berdasarkan uji kualitatif, diketahui bahwa kelompok senyawa terpenoid, alkaloid, dan flavonoid terkandung baik pada kulit akar, kulit batang, maupun daun Bischofia javanica Blume. Hasil pembandingan dengan senyawa standar memperlihatkan bahwa β-sitosterol dan Kuersetin terkandung di semua sampel yang diujikan. Kedua senyawa tersebut kemudian diuji secara kuantitatif menggunakan KLT Densitometer dan didapatkan hasil berupa konsentrasi senyawa per berat kering. Kandungan β- sitosterol dan Kuersetin tertinggi ditemukan di sampel kulit akar Karo dengan konsentrasi masing-masing sebesar 0,65 dan 0,041 (mg/g berat kering).

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ABSTRACT
A research was conducted to identified the presences of secondary metabolites compound in various organs of Bischofia javanica Blume. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used as a method of detection. Meanwhile, β- sitosterol, diosgenin, digoxin, piperine, quercetin, rutin, and tannic acid was used as standard compound. Depending on the research, it is known that terpenoid, alkaloid, and flavonoid were contained in Bischofia javanica Blume's root bark, stem bark, and leaves. β-sitosterol dan quercetin was happen to be found in all of sample. Both of the compounds then being tested quantifically using TLC densitometric. The highest β-sitosterol and quercetin content was on the root bark from Karo with each consentration in the amount of 0.65 and 0.041 (mg/g dry weight).

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ?Etnobotani Masyarakat Enis Karo di Kecamatan Merdeka, Sumatera Utara? bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan spesies tumbuhan berguna dan perbedaan pengetahuan lokal tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan berdasarkan gender dan umur oleh masyarakat etnis Karo di Kecamatan Merdeka. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan etik dan emik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terbuka dan semi terstruktur, observasi partisipatif dan diskusi kelompok fokus (Focus Group Discussion--FGD). Data tentang keanekaragaman pemanfaatan spesies tumbuhan dianalisis dengan metode LUVI (Local User?s Value Index), ICS (Index of Cultural Significance); dan data tentang perbedaan pengetahuan pemanfaatan tumbuhan brdasar gender dan umur dianalisis dengan metode UVs (Use Values), dan statistik. Terdapat 158 spesies yang termasuk dalam 61 famili yang dikenal dan dimanfaatkan masyarakat etnis Karo di KecamatanMerdeka. Seratus lima puluh delapan spesies tumbuhan tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk obat-obatan, pangan, sumber penghasilan, teknologi lokal, kayu bakar, adat/ritual/hiasan, racun/anti racun dan pewarna. Berdasarkan analisis LUVI diperoleh 60 spesies yang dianggap paling penting dan pangan sebagai kategori guna terpenting. Oryza sativa mendapat nilai ICS tertinggi yaitu 50, yang dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan pokok. Berdasarkan umur dari kelompok responden, rata-rata jumlah spesies tumbuhan yang diketahui dan dimanfaatkan dan nilai UVs pada responden umur lebih dari 50 tahun lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan umur 30--50 tahun. Sementara itu, berdasarkan gender, rata-rata jumlah spesies tumbuhan yang diketahui dan dimanfaatkan dan nilai UVs pada responden laki-laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perempuan

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ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study are to identify the plant species perceived by Karonese of Merdeka District and determine whether gender and age have different local knowledge differences of use values of plant species. The ethnobotanical research and collection data were conducted by open and semistructured interview, observation, focus group discussion (FGD). The ethnonotanical information according to general categories of plant species uses analysed by LUVI (Local User?s Value Index), ICS (Index of Cultural Significance); and the differences in knowledge of plant based on age and gender was analysed by UVs (Use Values) dan statistic analysis. Karonese of Merdeka District use 158 plant spesies, 60 families for 8 general use categories, which in medicinal uses, food, economical plants, local technology, firewood, traditional celebration/ritual/ornaments, poisonous plants, and dye-colors. There are 60 species which considered as the most useful plants based on LUVI analysis. The ICS analysis indicated that Oryza sativa gained the highest value (50), which is used as staple food. Based on the age of respondents, the average number of plant species that are known and utilized; and value UVs on respondents aged more 50 years old higher than the age of 30--50 years old. Meanwhile, based on gender, men of Karo ethnic society in District Merdeka know more plant species than the women.;The purposes of this study are to identify the plant species perceived by Karonese of Merdeka District and determine whether gender and age have different local knowledge differences of use values of plant species. The ethnobotanical research and collection data were conducted by open and semistructured interview, observation, focus group discussion (FGD). The ethnonotanical information according to general categories of plant species uses analysed by LUVI (Local User’s Value Index), ICS (Index of Cultural Significance); and the differences in knowledge of plant based on age and gender was analysed by UVs (Use Values) dan statistic analysis. Karonese of Merdeka District use 158 plant spesies, 60 families for 8 general use categories, which in medicinal uses, food, economical plants, local technology, firewood, traditional celebration/ritual/ornaments, poisonous plants, and dye-colors. There are 60 species which considered as the most useful plants based on LUVI analysis. The ICS analysis indicated that Oryza sativa gained the highest value (50), which is used as staple food. Based on the age of respondents, the average number of plant species that are known and utilized; and value UVs on respondents aged more 50 years old higher than the age of 30--50 years old. Meanwhile, based on gender, men of Karo ethnic society in District Merdeka know more plant species than the women.;The purposes of this study are to identify the plant species perceived by Karonese of Merdeka District and determine whether gender and age have different local knowledge differences of use values of plant species. The ethnobotanical research and collection data were conducted by open and semistructured interview, observation, focus group discussion (FGD). The ethnonotanical information according to general categories of plant species uses analysed by LUVI (Local User’s Value Index), ICS (Index of Cultural Significance); and the differences in knowledge of plant based on age and gender was analysed by UVs (Use Values) dan statistic analysis. Karonese of Merdeka District use 158 plant spesies, 60 families for 8 general use categories, which in medicinal uses, food, economical plants, local technology, firewood, traditional celebration/ritual/ornaments, poisonous plants, and dye-colors. There are 60 species which considered as the most useful plants based on LUVI analysis. The ICS analysis indicated that Oryza sativa gained the highest value (50), which is used as staple food. Based on the age of respondents, the average number of plant species that are known and utilized; and value UVs on respondents aged more 50 years old higher than the age of 30--50 years old. Meanwhile, based on gender, men of Karo ethnic society in District Merdeka know more plant species than the women., The purposes of this study are to identify the plant species perceived by Karonese of Merdeka District and determine whether gender and age have different local knowledge differences of use values of plant species. The ethnobotanical research and collection data were conducted by open and semistructured interview, observation, focus group discussion (FGD). The ethnonotanical information according to general categories of plant species uses analysed by LUVI (Local User’s Value Index), ICS (Index of Cultural Significance); and the differences in knowledge of plant based on age and gender was analysed by UVs (Use Values) dan statistic analysis. Karonese of Merdeka District use 158 plant spesies, 60 families for 8 general use categories, which in medicinal uses, food, economical plants, local technology, firewood, traditional celebration/ritual/ornaments, poisonous plants, and dye-colors. There are 60 species which considered as the most useful plants based on LUVI analysis. The ICS analysis indicated that Oryza sativa gained the highest value (50), which is used as staple food. Based on the age of respondents, the average number of plant species that are known and utilized; and value UVs on respondents aged more 50 years old higher than the age of 30--50 years old. Meanwhile, based on gender, men of Karo ethnic society in District Merdeka know more plant species than the women.]

Abstrak :
Penelitian tentang pengetahuan lokal pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat dan nilai ekonominya dilakukan pada etnis Minangkabau di Kecamatan IX Koto Sungai Lasi, Solok, Sumatra Barat dari Februari-Juni 2016. Penelitian bertujuan mendokumentasikan pengetahuan lokal, mengkaji keanekaragaman tumbuhan obat, dan menghitung nilai ekonomi tumbuhan obat yang diperjualbelikan. Data dikumpulkan dengan pendekatan etnobotani melalui wawancara terbuka, semi terstruktur, observasi partisipatif dan survei pasar. Wawancara di masyarakat dilakukan pada 9 informan kunci, 255 responden umum, dan semua pedagang tumbuhan obat di Pasar Solok. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan statistika deskripti dan kuantitatif dengan menghitung nilai kultural Index of Cultural Significance, ICS , nilai kepentingan lokal Local User rsquo;s Value Index, LUVI dan nilai ekonomi tumbuhan obat. Sebanyak 213 spesies tumbuhan 174 genus; 68 famili memiliki 73 khasiat obat. Famili dengan jumlah spesies terbanyak dimanfaatkan adalah Poaceae dan Leguminosae 18 spesies . Nilai ICS tertinggi dimiliki karambia Cocos nucifera L . Dari nilai LUVI, didapat 10 penyakit dengan frekuensi serangan tertinggi di masyarakat. Ditemukan 38 spesies tumbuhan obat 31 genus; 24 famili diperjualbelikan di Pasar Solok, yang didominasi oleh famili Zingiberaceae 7 spesies . Nilai ekonomi tertinggi tumbuhan obat di Pasar Solok ditemukan pada bawang putiah Allium sativum L. sebesar Rp 11.999.970,00. Status konservasi tumbuhan obat yang diperjualbelikan: 34 spesies berstatus belum dievaluasi, 2 spesies terancam, 1 spesies beresiko rendah dan 1 spesies rentan. ...... A research on the utilization of local knowledge of medicinal plants and its economic value by Minangkabau ethnic in Kecamatan IX Koto Sungai Lasi, Solok, West Sumatra was conducted in Februari June 2016. The study aims to document local knowledges, examines the diversity of medicinal plants, and calculate its economic value. Data were collected using ethnobotanical approach through open ended, semi structured interview partisipatory observation and market survey. The sample consisted of 9 key informants and 225 respondents, and all the trader of medicinal plants in Solok Market. Data were analyzed qualitatively using descriptive statistics and quantitavely by calculate the Index of Cultural Significance ICS , Local User rsquo s Value Index LUVI and the economic value of medicinal plants. A total 213 medicinal plants species 174 genera 68 families were reported to against 73 diseases. Poaceae and Leguminosae 18 species are the dominant families that used. The highest ICS owned by Karambia Cocos nucifera L . Based on LUVI analysis, there were 10 diseases with highest attack frequency in community. Based on market survey, around 38 species of medicinal plants 31 genera 24 families were traded. Zingiberaceae family were the dominant commodity 7 species . The highest economic value found in bawang putiah Allium sativum L. around Rp 11.999.970,00. Refers to Red List IUCN version 2016, medicinal plants conservation status that being traded were 34 species have not yet been assessed, 2 threatened, 1 at least concern and 1 vulnerable.

Abstrak :
Pengembangan manfaat tumbuhan obat dimulai dengan mengumpulkan informasi dari pengetahuan lokal yang dimiliki berbagai etnis. Salah satu etnis yang unik di Indonesia adalah etnis Minangkabau yang berasal dari Nagari Tuo Pariangan karena memiliki sistem matrilineal. Berdasarkan survey pendahuluan diketahui bahwa sebagian besar tumbuhan obat di Nagari Tuo Pariangan dibudidayakan di pekarangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat mengenai tumbuhan obat dan potensi pekarangan sebagai kawasan konservasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama sembilan bulan pada bulan Januari sampai September 2019. Pengambilan data etnobotani dilakukan dengan wawancara semiterstruktur pada 7 orang informan kunci dan 46 orang responden umum. Pengambilan data etnoekologi pekarangan dilakukan dengan analisis vegetasi pada 30 buah rumah. Data etnobotani diolah dengan menghitung Use Value (UV), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), dan Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). Data etnoekologi diolah dengan menghitung Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), Indeks Keanekaragaman (H), Indeks Kemerataan (e), dan Kekayaan Spesies (DMg). Analisis data dilakukan secara statistika deskriptif. Masyarakat memanfaatkan 139 spesies tumbuhan obat yang tergolong ke dalam 110 genus dan 59 famili. Tumbuhan obat digunakan untuk mengobati 73 jenis penyakit yang dikelompokkan menjadi 10 kategori. Curcuma longa, Kalanchoe laciniata, Zingiber officinale, dan Orthosiphon aristatus merupakan tumbuhan obat dengan UV, ICS, dan RFC yang tinggi. Sebagian besar tumbuhan obat menurut masyarakat memiliki UV, ICS, dan RFC yang termasuk ke dalam kategori rendah sehingga perlu dikonservasi. Masyarakat menanam 197 sepesies tanaman di pekarangan, termasuk ke dalam 148 genus dan 67 famili. Jumlah spesies tanaman terbanyak ditemukan di pekarangan Jorong Pariangan (117 spesies), sementara persentase tanaman obat tertinggi ditemukan di pekarangan Jorong Guguak (65,6%). Indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan kekayaan spesies tanaman obat di pekarangan yang tergolong tinggi membuktikan bahwa masyarakat Nagari Tuo Pariangan menanam cukup banyak spesies tanaman obat. Pekarangan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan konservasi tanaman obat.

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Development of the benefits of medicinal plants begins with gathering information from local knowledge held by various ethnic groups. One of the unique ethnic groups in Indonesia is the Minangkabau ethnic originating from Nagari Tuo Pariangan because it has matrilineal system. Based on preliminary surveys it is known that most of the medicinal plants in Nagari Tuo Pariangan are cultivated in the yard. The purpose of this study is to examine the traditional knowledge of community about medicinal plants and the potential of yard as a conservation area. The research was conducted for nine months from January to September 2019. The collection of ethnobotanical data was carried out by semistructured interviews with 7 key informants and 46 general respondents. Ethnoecological data was collected by analyzing vegetation in 30 houses. Ethnobotanical data was processed by calculating the Use Value (UV), Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), while ethnoecological data is processed by calculating the Importance Value Index (INP), Diversity Index (H), Evenness Index (e), and Species Richness (DMg). Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics. The community utilizes 139 species of medicinal plants belonging to 110 genera and 59 families. Medicinal plants are used to treat 73 types of diseases which are grouped into 10 categories. Curcuma longa, Kalanchoe laciniata, Zingiber officinale, and Orthosiphon aristatus are medicinal plants with high UV, ICS, and RFC. Most of the medicinal plants according to the community have UV, ICS, and RFC which are included in the low category, so it needs to be conserved. The community planted 197 species in the yard, including 148 genera and 67 families. The highest number of plant species was found in Jorong Pariangan (117 species), while the highest percentage of medicinal plants was found in Jorong Guguak (65.6%). Index of diversity, evenness, and richness of medicinal plants in the yard which are classified as high prove that Nagari Tuo Pariangan community plant quite a number of medicinal plants. The yard can be used as conservation area for medicinal plants.

Abstrak :
Penelitian terhadap pengetahuan etnobotani dan perspektif pengembangan Arenga pinnata oleh masyarakat Desa Bulumario, Kecamatan Sipirok, Sumatera Utara telah dilaksanakan pada Bulan Agustus-Oktober 2019. Penelitian bertujuan mendokumentasikan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pemanfaatan tumbuhan dan jenis tumbuhan apa saja yang penting bagi masyarakat Bulumario. Informasi yang dikumpulkan diharapkan dapat berperan dalam konservasi tumbuhan yang menunjang proses pengembangan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Bulumario. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara secara mendalam dengan dipandu kuisioner, observasi partisipatif, dan survey lapangan. Pada penelitian etnobotani kategori guna terdapat 9 informan kunci dan 37 responden umum yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan yang berusia 30 tahun. Penelitian mengenai kajian pemanfaatan aren, responden adalah masyarakat yang bekerja sebagai petani aren, penyadap aren maupun tengkulak hasil produksi aren. Data di analisis secara kualitatif yaitu deskriptif dan kuantitatif yaitu nilai indeks kultural (ICS) dan analisis vegetasi. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat 164 spesies tumbuhan dari 63 famili yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat dalam berbagai kategori guna. Nilai ICS tertinggi adalah bargot (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr) yaitu sebesar 110 dengan pemanfaatan sebagai obat, pangan, ritual, minuman dan bahan bangunan. Pemanfaatan Arenga pinnata sebagai tumbuhan multiguna cukup tinggi di Bulumario, persebaran individu Arenga pinnata juga merata dengan kerapatan pohonnya 94 ind/ha. Bagian yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan adalah air nira yang berasal dari bunga jantan. Masyarakat Bulumario masih memanfaatkan aren yang tumbuh liar dan belum ada upaya budidaya tumbuhan tersebut.

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Research on the ethnobotany knowledge and perspective of Arenga pinnata development by the people of Bulumario Village, Sipirok District, North Sumatra has been carried out in August-October 2019. The research aims to document public knowledge about the use of plants and what types of plants are important for the Bulumario community. The information gathered is expected to play a role in the conservation of plants that support the process of developing community welfare in Bulumario Village. The research method used was in-depth interviews guided by questionnaires, participatory observation, and field surveys. In the ethnobotany category uses there were 9 key informants and 37 general respondents consisting of men and women aged 30 years. For study of the use of sugar palm, respondents are people who work as sugar palm farmers, sugar palm tappers and middlemen from the production of palm sugar. The data were analyzed qualitatively namely descriptive and quantitative namely the value of the cultural index (ICS) and vegetation analysis. The results showed that there were 164 plant species from 63 families that were utilized by the community in various use categories. The highest ICS value is bargot (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr) which is 110 with utilization as medicine, food, ritual, drinks and building materials. Utilization of Arenga pinnata as a multipurpose plant is quite high in Bulumario, the individual distribution of Arenga pinnata is also evenly distributed with a tree density of 94 ind/ ha. The most widely used part is sap water that comes from male flowers. The people of Bulumario are still using the sugar palm that grows wild and there has been no attempt to cultivate these plants

Abstrak :

Masyarakat lokal memiliki pengetahuan mengenai ekologi dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam, termasuk masyarakat Jawa di Lereng Gunung Slamet. Lanskap yang dikenali oleh masyarakat lokal relatif beragam. Dokumentasi pengetahuan lokal dan pengelolaan sumber daya dapat dikaji melalui etnoekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis keanekaragaman dan karakteristik satuan lanskap yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, (2) mengungkapkan nilai kepentingan satuan lanskap dan jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, (3) mengungkapkan cara pengelolaan satuan lanskap berdasarkan kearifan masyarakat, dan (4) menganalisis struktur komunitas di setiap satuan lanskap. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa (1) Ragatunjung, (2) Cipetung, dan (3) Pandansari, Kecamatan Paguyangan, Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara observasi, wawancara semi terstruktur, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Pebble Distribution Method (PDM), dan analisis vegetasi. Wawancara semi terstruktur dilakukan kepada 8 informan kunci dan 83 responsden yang ditentukan secara purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Data pemanfaatan satuan lanskap diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) yang dianalisis menggunakan Local User’s Value Index (LUVI). Data analisis vegetasi d diolah dengan menentukan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’), Indeks Kekayaan (DMg), Indeks Kemerataan (e’), dan Indeks Kesamaan (IS). Masyarakat Lereng Gunung Slamet mengenal sembilan jenis satuan lanskap yaitu, perawisan (pekarangan), wanah (hutan produksi), majegan (kebun), sabin (sawah), kubang buyut (kawasan rencana hutan lindung), perkebunan teh, Cagar Alam Telaga Ranjeng, tanah bengkok, dan tuk (sumber air). Wanah merupakan satuan lanskap terpenting bagi masyarakat karena merupakan ruang utama dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dengan nilai di Desa Ragatunjung (31,27), Desa Cipetung (53,55), dan Desa Pandansari (28,17). Oryza sativa L. memiliki nilai kepentingan tertinggi di dua satuan lanskap Desa Ragatunjung yaitu, sabin (22) dan wanah (12), sedangkan pada majegan adalah Syzygium aromaticum L. (6,68). Brassica oleracea L. memiliki nilai kepentingan tertinggi di dua satuan lanskap Desa Cipetung yaitu, majegan (4,20) dan pemukiman (3,5), sedangkan pada wanah adalah Zea mays L. (11,38). Solanum tuberosum L. memiliki nilai tertinggi di setiap satuan lanskap di Desa Pandansari yaitu, wanah (10,33), majegan (6,80), dan Rencana Hutan Lindung (RHL) (4,13). Pengelolaan satuan lanskap dilakukan dengan menerapkan sistem agroforestri untuk lahan kering dan terasering untuk lahan basah. Analisis struktur komunitas dapat dilihat pada Indeks Keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1,57—28,9 yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang yang menunjukkan bahwa lanskap tersebut dalam kondisi stabil. Indeks Kekayaan di lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 11,82—28,8, sedangkan Indeks kemerataan berkisar antara 0,11—0,92. Indeks kesamaan wanah dan majegan merupakan yang tertinggi yakni 62,67 yang termasuk kategori tinggi.

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The local communities have various ecological knowledge and natural resources including, the Javanese ethnic on the slopes of Mount Slamet. The landscape recognized by local communities is relatively diverse between one region and another. Documentation of local knowledge and resource management can be studied through ethnoecology. This study aims to (1) analyze the diversity and characteristics of landscape unit utilized by these communities, (2) reveal the importance of the landscape unit and plant species used by the community, (3) reveal the way the unit is managed by the community based on community wisdom, and (4) analyze the structure community in each landscape unit. The research was conducted in (1) Ragatunjung, (2) Cipetung and (3) Pandansari Village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency, Central Java. Data collection was carried out by observation, semi-structured interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Pebble Distribution Method (PDM), and vegetation analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 key informants and 83 responsdents selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Landscape utilization data were obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) which were analyzed using Local User's Value Index (LUVI). Vegetation analysis was Performed on each landscape unit and processed by determining the Importance Value (INP), Diversity Index (H '), Richness Index (DMg), Evenness Index (e'), and Similarity Index (IS). The slopes of Mount Slamet community were categorized into nine types of landscape units namely, perawisan (yard), wanah (production forest), majegan (gardens), sabin (rice fields), kubang buyut (protected forest plan area), tea plantations, Telaga Ranjeng Nature Reserve, tanah bengkok and tuk (water sources). Wanah was the most important landscape unit in the community, due to its usefulness in meeting the needs of the residents Ragatunjung (31.27), Cipetung (53.55), and Pandansari (28.17). Oryza sativa L. has the highest importance in the Sabin (22) and wanah (12) Ragatunjung Village, while Syzygium aromaticum L. had the highest in majegan (6.68). Brassica oleracea L. has the highest importance value in the two landscape units of Cipetung Village, namely, majegan (4.20) and settlements (3.5), while in the wanah is Zea mays L. (11,38). Solanum tuberosum L. had the highest value in each landscape unit in Pandansari Village, both in wanah (10.33), majegan (6.80), and Protection Forest Plan (RHL) (4.13). Management of the landscape unit is carried out by applying an agroforestry system for dry land and terracing for wetlands. Analysis of community structure can be seen on the Diversity Index ranges between 1.57—28.9, and showed a significant stability, placed in the medium category. The Species Richness at the research site ranged from 11.82—28.8, while the Evenness Index ranged from 0.11—0.92. Lastly, for wanah and majegan was the highest of the Similarity Index (62.67) and placed in the high category.

Abstrak :
Underutilized Fruit Trees (UFTs) berhasil diidentifikasi, dimanfaatkan, dan dilestarikan oleh kelompok masyarakat hukum adat yang tinggal di Kampung Urug, Jawa Barat. Pada awal tahun 2020, Kampung Urug dilanda banjir dan tanah longsor yang menyebabkan lokasi tempat tumbuh UFTs rusak. Upaya sistematis dan terintegrasi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap perubahan iklim perlu dilakukan. Peningkatan ketahanan terhadap perubahan iklim dapat dilakukan dengan mendokumentasikan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat hukum adat dalam membudidayakan UFTs dan meminimalisir dampak perubahan iklim serta pendekatan lintas sektoral di tingkat lokal melalui analisis vegetasi dan analisis perubahan kerapatan vegetasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan teknik budidaya UFTs, lokasi tempat tumbuh UFTs, menganalisis kerapatan vegetasi tempat UFTs ditemukan, mendokumentasikan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat hukum adat dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim, menganalisis perubahan kerapatan vegetasi selama 10 tahun, menganalisis struktur dan komposisi vegetasi di Kampung Urug. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kombinasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan 16 orang, wawancara mendalam dengan 19 orang, dan observasi lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa teknik budidaya UFTs yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat hukum adat di Kampung Urug adalah pemilihan bibit (pilihan bibit tatangkalan), penyiapan lahan (nyiapkeun taneuh), penanaman tanaman (melak tatangkalan), perawatan tanaman (ngurus tatangkalan), dan pemanenan (panen). Sebanyak 53 UFTs yang berasal dari 13 spesies ditemukan di 24 placemark yang berbeda. Sebanyak 62% UFTs ditemukan di lokasi dengan indeks vegetasi sedang dan 38% UFTs ditemukan di lokasi dengan indeks vegetasi rendah. Masyarakat hukum adat mendefinisikan perubahan iklim sebagai perubahan musim. Salah satu gejala adanya perubahan iklim adalah terdengarnya suara Presbytis comata yang tinggal di Gunung Pongkor. Pada daerah bervegetasi sangat tinggi terjadi penurunan luas kerapatan vegetasi sebesar 94%. Pada daerah bervegetasi rendah, bervegetasi sedang, dan bervegetasi tinggi terjadi peningkatan luas kerapatan vegetasi, secara berurutan sebesar 1%, 34%, dan 59%. Schima wallichii memiliki Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tertinggi (41,84%), diikuti oleh Mangifera kemanga (18,77%) dan Sandoricum koetjape (14,75%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pengembangan program konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. ......Underutilized Fruit Trees (UFTs) have been identified, utilized, and preserved by indigenous people living in Urug Village. However, Urug Village hit by flooding and landslides in early 2020, damaging the location where UFT grew.  Therefore, a systematic and integrated effort is needed to increase resilience to climate change. Increasing resilience to climate change can be conducted by documenting local knowledge of indigenous peoples in cultivating UFTs and minimizing the impact of climate change, also a cross-sectoral approach at the local level through the analysis of vegetation and analysis of changes in vegetation density. This study aims to determine UFTs cultivation techniques, locations where UFTs grow, vegetation density where UFTs are found, find out local knowledge of indigenous peoples in dealing with climate change, changes in vegetation density over 10 years, structure and composition of vegetation in Urug Village. This research was conducted using a combination research method where data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with 16 people, in-depth interviews with 19 people, and field observations. Based on this research, the UFTs cultivation techniques carried out by the indigenous people in Urug Village are the selection of seeds (pilihan bibit tatangkalan), land preparation (nyiapkeun taneuh), planting (melak tatangkalan), caring (ngurus tatangkalan), and harvest (panen). A total of 53 UFTs from 13 species  found in 24 different placemarks. A total of 62% of UFTs were found in locations with medium vegetation index and 38% of UFTs were found in locations with low vegetation index. Indigenous peoples define climate change as a change in season. One of the symptoms of climate change is the sound of Presbytis comata who lives on Mount Pongkor (2) There is a decrease of vegetation density by 94% in the area with very high vegetation. There is an increase of vegetation density in the area with low, moderate, dan high vegetation density by 1%, 34%, dan 59%, respectively (3) Schima wallichii) has the highest Importance Value Index (41.84%), followed by Mangifera kemanga(18.77%), and Sandoricum koetjape (14.75%). The results of this research can be used as a basis for biodiversity conservation programs.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Di wilayah Halmahera Barat, khususnya di Desa Lako Akediri dan Bobanehena, terdapat suatu upacara adat yang bertujuan menyambut kedewasaan gadis yaitu upacara oke sou. Penelitian mengenai etnobotani upacara oke sou pada Desa Lako Akediri dan Bobanehena belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk menjelaskan spesies-spesies tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam seluruh tahapan upacara oke sou di kedua desa, menjelaskan pengaruh perbedaan umur terhadap pengetahuan etnobotani masyarakat di kedua desa, dan memahami presepsi masyarakat di kedua desa terhadap konservasi tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam upacara oke sou. Penelitian awal dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2014, kemudian dilanjutkan pada bulan September--Desember 2014. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara semi terstruktur dan participant observation. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, terdata sebanyak 111 spesies tumbuhan dari 49 famili digunakan pada seluruh tahapan upacara oke sou, 86 spesies di Desa Lako Akediri dan 87 spesies di Desa Bobanehena. Pada kedua desa, pengetahuan etnobotani upacara oke sou kelompok umur >55 tahun lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok umur 13--35 tahun dan 35--55 tahun. Sebanyak 41% spesies tumbuhan yang digunakan berasal dari hasil budidaya, 31% merupakan tumbuhan ruderal, dan 28% spesies tumbuhan hidup secara liar.

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ABSTRACT
In the region of West Halmahera, particularly in the village of Lako Akediri and Bobanehena, there is a ceremony aimed to welcome maturity girl named oke sou ceremony. Research on ethnobotany oke sou ceremony at both villages has never been done. The study aims to describe the species of plants that used in all phases of the oke sou ceremony at both villages, to explain the effect of difference in age toward knowledge of ethnobotany oke sou ceremony at community in both villages, and to understand the perception people at both villages about conservation of used plant in oke sou ceremony. Preliminary study conducted during May to June 2014, then resumed in September to December 2014. Data collection using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. From the results, recorded as many as 111 species of plants from 49 families used in all stages of the oke sou ceremony, 86 species in the village of Lako Akediri and 87 species in the village Bobanehena. In both villages, knowledge of ethnobotany about oke sou ceremony in age group >55 years higher than the age group 13-35 years and 35-55 years. As many as 41% plant species used were obtained from the cultivation, 31% were ruderal plants, and 28% of the species were obtained in the wild.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian etnobotani konservasi kemenyan (Styrax spp.) oleh etnik Batak di Desa Pusuk I, Sumatera Utara telah berlangsung selama enam bulan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi terkait pengetahuan lokal etnik Batak dalam menjaga keberadaan kemenyan (Styrax spp.) dan memanfaatkannya secara berkelanjutan serta untuk mengetahui keberadaan populasi kemenyan di hutan Desa Pusuk I. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan etnobotani dan ekologi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi wawancara, observasi partisipatif dan analisis vegetasi. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive. Melalui hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa etnik Batak di Desa Pusuk I mengenal dua spesies kemenyan yaitu Styrax paralleloneurum dan Styrax benzoin. Namun, spesies yang dibudidayakan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai komoditas ekspor ialah S. paralleloneurum. Etnik Batak di Desa Pusuk I terbukti memiliki pengetahuan lokal dalam menjaga keberadaan S. paralleloneurum dan memanfaatkannya secara berkelanjutan. Pengetahuan lokal tersebut ditemukan dalam proses pembudidayaan kemenyan, dimulai dari pemilihan bibit, pemeliharaan, penyadapan dan juga pemanenan getahnya. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan kondisi kemenyan, tepatnya S. paralleloneurum, yang masih menjadi spesies paling dominan di hutan Desa Pusuk I, ditandai dengan INP paling tinggi, baik di tingkat semai, pancang, tiang maupun pohon.

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ABSTRACT
Research on ethnobotany of Kemenyan (Styrax spp.) conservation by Batak Ethnic in Pusuk I Village, North Sumatera, was conducted on six months. The study aims to obtain information about indigenous knowledge of Batak Ethnic on keeping Kemenyan?s existence and using that plant sustainably, also to know Kemenyan?s population existence in Pusuk I forest. Research was done using ethnobotany and ecology approach. The methods used were interview, participatif observation, and vegetation analysis. Research?s location chosen purposively. The results showed that Batak Ethnic in Pusuk I Village, North Sumatera knew two species of Kemenyan that is Styrax paralleloneurum and Styrax benzoin. But, species that Batak Ethnic cultivate and use as an export commodity is S. paralleloneurum. Batak Ethnic proven had indigenous knowledges on keeping Kemenyan?s existence and using that plant sustainably. That indigenous knowledges was found in Kemenyan?s cultivation, starts from the seed selection, maintenance, tapping and harvesting the sap. The result also showed that Kemenyan still be a dominant species in Pusuk I forest, marked with Kemenyan?s Importance Index Values that highest in seedling, sapling, poles and tree stage.