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"Kekurangan Energi dan Protein (KEP) masih merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama pada usia balita di Indonesia. KEP ini meningkat di masa krisis ekonomi terutama pads keluarga miskin. Untuk itu pemerintah menggulirkan program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Pemulihan bagi balita keluarga miskin agar merehabilitasi atau mengembalikan dampak dari KEP.Program PMT-Pemulihan akan berhasil dengan baik apabila didukung persepsi tentang kurang gizi ("malnutrition") yang baik, sebab persepsi kurang gizi penting sebagai kekuatan intervensi pads balita yang menderita kurang gizi dan upaya penyebaran pesan-pesan gizi. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini memusatkan perhatian pads upaya untuk memperoleh gambaran bagaimana hubungan antara persepsi ibu balita tentang kurang gizi dan PMT-Pemulihan dengan status gizi balita penerima PMTPemulihan tersebut.Penelitian dilakukan pads keluarga miskin yang balitanya mendapat PMTPemulihan di Kecamatan Sungai Limau dan Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sarik. Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Disain penelitian adalah survei dengan pendekatan crossectional (studi potong lintang). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara multistage cluster random sampling dan sampel sebanyak 300 ibu balita.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi KEP total sebesar 42,2 % dar KEP nyata 12,8 %. Persepsi kurang tentang kurang gizi dan PMT-Pemulihan cukul tinggi yaitu 46,2 %. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara persepsi ibu balita tentans kurang gizi dan PMT-Pemulhan dengan status gizi balitanya (p<0.05). Tetapi ibu balit: yang mempunyai persepsi kurang tentang kurang gizi dan PMT-Pemulihan mempunya proteksi atau memperkecil risiko terjadinya KEP pada balitanya sebesar 0,616 kal dibandingkan dengan ibu balita yang mempunyai persepsi balk tentang kurang gizi Faktor persepsi ibu balita tentang kurang gizi dan PMT-Pemulihan, pendidikan ibu balit, dan konsumsi energi balita secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi terjadinya KEP pad; balita. Konsumsi energi balita merupakan faktor yang paling dorninan mempengarul' terjadinya KEP pada balita.Dari basil penelitian ini disarankan agar tetap meneruskan pemberian PMT Pemulihan dengan disertai pendidikan gizi dan dibentuk kembali "Taman Gizi" yan, menyelenggarakan makanan balita yang KEP. Perlu dilakukan penyuluhan yang lebi intensif dengan melibatkan tokoh masyarakat khususnya Tungku Nan Tigo Sajaranga (ulama, tokoh adat dan cerdik pandai). Perlu penelitian lain yang lebih cocok rnisalny studi kasus kontrol dan mencari faktor-faktor penyebab rendahnya keberhasilan PMT Pemulihan.

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The Relationship Between Perception of Mother Under Five Years Children about Malnutrition and Supplementary Feeding Program ("PMT-Pemulihan") with Nutritional Status in Poor Family at Padang Pariaman District, West SumatraProtein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is still one primer nutrition problem under five years children in Indonesia. PEM increased in economic crisis especially for poor family. The program of supplementary feeding ("PMT-Pemulihan") for under five years children in order to rehabilitate or reduce PEM impact.

Supplementary Feeding Program ("PMT-Pemulihan") could be successe if supported by perception of malnutrition and supplementary feeding program. It was very important as treatment powerful on under five years children who malnutrition and efforted to distribute nutrition massages. There fore, the research focused for efforting how to describe the relationship between mother under five years children who malnutrition and supplementary feeding program with nutritional status of under five years children who consume food supplementary.

The research have done for poor family who got supplementary feeding program at Sungai Limau subdistrict and VII Kota Sungai Sarik subdistrict, Padang Pariaman District West Sumatra. Reseach designed has survey by crossectional. Samplimg used by multi cluster random sampling and sample size were 300 mothers under five years children.

The result of research show prevalence PEM 42,2 percent and severe PEM 12,8 percent. Perception about malnutrition and supplementary feeding program for less category is 46,2 percent. A significant relationship between perception mother under five years children who malnutrition and supplementary feeding program with nutritional status of under five years children (p<0,05). The mother of under five years children who has less perception about malnutrition and supplementary feeding program could be protection of risk PEM for their under five years children as 0,616 times than the others enough category. The perception of malnutrition and supplementary feeding program, education of mother under five years children and energy consumption of under five years children are factors which could be PEM to under five years children.

The research recommended to be continuing supplementary feeding program with used nutrition education and reformed the Nutrition Demontration Plot ("Taman Gizi") which can apply under five years children food which PEM It has necessary to be done with an intensive education by involved community specially Tungku Nan Tigo Sajarangan ("Ulama, Tokoh Adat, Cerdik Pandai"). More research which another design, for example made by case control study and to have unsuccesfull factors of supplementary feeding program cause it."

"Tenaga Ahli Madya Gizi lulusan Akademi Gizi dididik dengan biaya bersumber dari pemerintah dan partisipasi masyarakat. Kebijakan pemerintah "zero growth personal", Departemen Kesehatan hanya menyerap lulusan Akademi Gizi 26,8 %, sisanya 73,2 % bekerja di sektor lain baik di pemerintah maupiun swasta. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif, dengan rancangan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui data restrospektif dengan menueiusuri laporan yang ada. Analisis dilakukan terhadap biaya penyelenggaraan pendidikan tahun ajaran 199811999, mencakup biaya bersumber dari DIP, DIK, dan BP3 yang dikelola oleh Akademi Gizi Jakarta. Komponen biaya yang menjadi variabe] adalah biaya investasi gedung, peralatan, kendaraan, pegawai, barang dan jasa, perjalanan, pemeliharaan dan bantuan beserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biaya penyelenggaraan pendidikan tahun ajaran 19981] 999 sebesar Rp 1.275.526.000,-. Sumber biaya pemerintah sebesar 77,6 % dan non pemerintah 22,6 %. Biaya pegawai merupakan komponen terbesar dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan Ahli Madya Gizi. Biaya satuan untuk menghasilkan seorang Ahli Madya Gizi pada kelas regular sebesar Rp 12.941.460,- dan kelas khusus sebesar Rp 11.932.960,-. Subsidi yang dikeluarkan untuk menghasilkan satu orang ahli gizi pada tahun 1998/1999 sebesar Rp 10.055.515,-. Perhitungan tarif tanpa subsidi Rp 1.857.155,- permahasiswalpersemester pada kapasitas 120 orang perangkatan. Perhitungan dengan tarif subsidi Rp 751.560,- permahasiswalpersemester pada kapasitas 120 orang perangkatan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga Ahli Madya Gizi, disarankan pengambil kebijakan di Departemen Kesehatan, hendaknya meningkatkan pendidikan tenaga iulusan Sekolah Pembantu Ahli Gizi, daripada mendidik keias reguler.

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Cost analysis and tariff policy for Diploma III program for education of Nutrition Academy at "Akademi Gizi" Jakarta Ministry of Health period 1998/1999Now, the manpower of nutrition graduated from the academy of nutrition is funded by government and non government cost. The purpose of the study was to know the total of study budget, unit cost, and tariff policy. In accordance with government policy that there is " zero growth personnel ", the Ministry of Health only absorb 26.8 % of graduated as government employ and 73.2 % is absorbed by non government as private employ. The design of research was descriptive study based on case study. The data was collected by using the annual academy report. The analysis of data was held in order to know the related thing of the academy nutrition budget on 1998/1999 especially which based on DIP, D1K, and BP3. The variables research consists of investment on building, equipment, vehicle, employed expenses, supplies and services, maintenance and loan cost student. The result of the research indicates that the educational cost for the year 1998/1999 was Rp 1.275.526.000,- .Most of the budged is spent for the operational activity at the academy of nutrition. The actual of unit cost for completing study one of nutritionist in the academy of nutrition was Rp, 12. 941.400 for regular class and Rp, 11.932.960 for special class. In the year of 1998 the government was subsidies Rp. 10.055.515 for one person of nutritionist. Calculation of tariff without subsidies was Rp. 1.857.155 per student /semester if total of student is 120 people per batch. The total cost with subsidies was Rp. 751.650 per student/semesters. According to this result it is suggested to decision maker of ministry of health to develop the graduated of school of assistance nutritionist (SPAG) rather than regular student."

"Penelitian ini mempelajari perkembangan dan kesinambungan pelayanan posyandu berkaitan dengan pelayanan proyek kelangsungan hidup anak. Proyek kelangsungan hidup anak dimulai pada bulan September 1992 dan berakhir bulan September 1995 di Kecamatan Balai dan Tayan Hilir Kabupaten Sanggau. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan unit analisis adalah posyandu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dimana seluruh populasi sebanyak 46 posyandu sekaligus adalah sampel. Analisis univariat dilakukan ; untuk mengetahui perkembangan dan kesinambungan pelayanan posyandu selama dan setelah SCSP berakhir. Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal dengan kesinambungan pelayanan posyandu. Sedangkan analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang paling berpengaruh dan memperoleh model hubungan yang paling baik (fit model) dan paling sederhana menggambarkan hubungan antara faktor-faktor pemberdayaan posyandu secara bersama-sama dengan kesinambungan pelayanan posyandu.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelayanan SCSP mempunyai andil besar dalam upaya memfungsikan posyandu yang sudah ada, meningkatkan frekwensi kegiatan posyandu, partisipasi masyarakat dan rerata jumlah kader aktif didua kecamatan tsb.Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesinambungan pelayanan posyandu di wilayah pelayanan SCSP adalah partisipasi masyarakat, rerata jumlah kader aktif dan kunjungan petugas puskesmas. Ketiga faktor tersebut erat kaitannya dengan upaya peningkatan knalitas sumber daya manusia yang dilakukan oleh SCSP baik terhadap pengguna, pelaksana dan provider pelayanan kesehatan yang sudah ada. Ketiga faktor tersebut merupakan faktor kunci yang menjamin kesinambungan pelayanan posyandu pada masa-masa yang akan datang.Dalam proses permodelan, terpilih model terbaik dengan persamaan regresi : Kesinambungan = f (kunj petugas + kader aktif +part Masy + dana)

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The Progress and Sustainability of Posyandu Activities in Relation with a Child Survival Project in Balai and Tayan Hilir Subdistrict - Sanggau DistrictThe progress and sustainability of Posyandu ( Integrated Services Post) in relation with a Sanggau Child Survival Project ( SCSP ) was explored in this study. The SCSP covers two subdistrict are : Balai and Tayan Hilir in Sanggau District which was started in September 1992 and closed in September 1995. The study design was cross sectional and using posyandu as a unit of analyses. Using purposive sampling methods, all (46) existing posyandu in the two impact areas have selected as a total samples of the study. Univariate analyses have conducted to know the progress and sustainability of the posyandu during and after SCSP. Bivariate analyses have conducted to explore the correlation between internal as well as external factors and the sustainability of the posyandu while the multivariate analyses also conducted to identify the most significant factor influenced sustainability and to find the fit and simple model relationship of both internal and external factor interaction to predict the value of sustainability of the posyandu activities.The study result shows that the ministry of SCSP has a great role in functioning the existing posyandu , increasing the level of community participation and the number of active cadres. The community participation, number of active cadres and frequency of health staff visit are the factors influence the sustainability of the posyandu activities. Those factors are closed related with the effort of SCSP in enhancing the quality of human resources of the users (community), implementors ( cadres) and health providers (puskesmas and BKKBN staff ). Those factors should be consider as key factors to assure the sustainability of posyandu in the future.In modelling process, the fit and simple model has been selected as a regression equation : Sustainability = f (health staff visit + community participation + active cadres + funds)"