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Abstrak :
Teacher efficacy dan sikap terhadap pendidikan inklusif merupakan salah satu hal yang dianggap akan memengaruhi keberhasilan pendidikan inklusif. Variabel Teacher efficacy maupun sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yaitu pengalaman mengajar guru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara teacher efficacy dengan sikap terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif swasta yang ditinjau dari pengalaman mengajar guru. Sebanyak sembilan puluh tujuh guru SD inklusif swasta di Jakarta dan Depok dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) untuk mengukur teacher efficacy dan Multidimensional Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan positif antara teacher efficacy dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif (r (97)=321, p<.01). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi keyakinan guru akan kompetensinya sebagai pengajar maka semakin positif sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Di sisi lain, hubungan antara kedua variabel ketika ditinjau dari pengalaman mengajar bervariasi. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan teacher efficacy (F(94)= .212, p>.05) maupun sikap guru (F(94)= .335, p>.05) pada guru dengan kelompok pengalaman mengajar yang berbeda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa guru dengan pengalaman mengajar yang berbeda memiliki keyakinan yang sama akan kompetensinya sebagai pengajar dan memiliki sikap yang sama terhadap pendidikan inklusi. ...... It has been argued that teacher efficacy and attitude towards inclusive education have positive effect for the successful of inclusive education. Both teacher efficacy and attitude towards inclusive education are influenced by teaching experiences. This study is aimed to analyze the relationship between teacher efficacy and teacher attitude toward inclusive education reviewed by teaching experiences in private elementary school in Jakarta and Depok. 97 private elementary teachers are involve in this research. This quantitative study uses Teacher?s Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) to measure teacher efficacy and Multidimensional Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES) to measure teachers attitude. The result reveals that there is significant positive correlation between teacher efficacy and teacher attitude towards inclusive education (r (97)=321, p<.01). it shows that when the teachers have high efficacy about their competence so the more positive their attitude towards inclusive education. In the other side, the relationship between two variables when reviewed by teaching experiences are various. This study also shows there is no differences in teacher efficacy (F(94)= .212, p>.05) and teacher attitude (F(94)= .335, p>.05) for the teacher with different teaching experiences. This study reveals that teacher with different teaching experiences have same belief about their competence as a teacher and have same attitude toward inclusive education.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mindfulness guru dan mastery motivation, baik mastery motivation secara umum maupun mastery motivation per dimensi, pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Mastery motivation siswa diukur berdasarkan penilaian guru terhadap siswa. Pengukuran mindfulness guru menggunakan alat ukur Mindfull Attention Awareness Scale yang disusun oleh Brown dan Ryan (2013) dan pengukuran mastery motivation siswa menggunakan alat ukur Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire 18 yang disusun oleh Morgan dan kawan-kawan (2015). Partisipan dari penelitian ini berjumlah 138 guru yang mengajar siswa berkebutuhan khusus, kelas satu hingga kelas enam, di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif Kota Depok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara mindfulness guru dan mastery motivation siswa. Artinya, semakin tinggi mindfulness guru, maka semakin rendah mastery motivation siswa berkebutuhan khusus tersebut. Berdasarkan hubungan mindfulness guru dan delapan dimensi mastery motivation siswa ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara mindfulness guru dan mastery motivation siswa pada dimensi cognitive/object persistence dan dimensi frustration/anger. Hubungan yang negatif pada antara mindfulness guru dan mastery motivation siswa, baik secara keseluruhan maupun per dimensi, menunjukkan bahwa semakin guru memberikan perhatiannya terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus dan sadar sepenuhnya terhadap apa yang guru kerjakan selama mengajar, maka usaha anak untuk menguasai keterampilan tertentu secara fokus dan persisten semakin rendah. ......This research was conducted to find the relationship between teacher mindfulness and special needs student mastery motivation, in generally or mastery motivation dimensions spesifically, in inclusive elementary school. Student's mastery motivation is measure based on teacher evaluation. Mindfulness is measured by Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale compiled by Brown and Ryan (2003), and Mastery motivation is measured by Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire compiled by Morgan et al. (2015). Participants in this research were 138 teachers who taught special needs student which currently are in the 1st until 6th grade inclusive elementary school in Depok. The result showed a significant negative relationship between teacher mindfulness and student mastery motivation which mean that the higher the teacher mindfulness, the lower student mastery motivation. Based on correlation between teacher mindfulness and eight dimensions student mastery motivation, the result showed significant negative relationship between teacher mindfulness and student mastery motivation on cognitive/object persistence and frustration/anger. All this negative correlation showed that the more teacher give her attention to special needs student and realized what he or she is doing at class along teaching, the lower special needs student effort solve a problem or master a skill in a focused and persistently.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang penelitian ini berawal dari masalah yang sering muncul dalam perkembangan karir pada remaja terutama dalam hal memilih, meningkatkan, dan mempertahankan konsistensi dalam memilih karir seperti pilihan pendidikan. Kemampuan itu disebut adaptabilitas karir. Penelitian ini mempertanyakan faktor apa yang mempengaruhi peningkatan adaptabilitas karir. Asumsi yang ditegakkan adalah ketika individu berhasil menerapkan regulasi diri dalam belajar, yang pembentukannya dipengaruhi oleh dukungan sosial, maka perencanaan, pemilihan dan pengembangan karir akan lebih mudah dilakukan. Untuk membuktikan asumsi tersebut, penelitian ini melihat keterakaitan antara dukungan sosial sebagai sumber yang membantu pembentukan keterampilan regulasi diri dalam belajar dengan pembangunan adaptabilitas karir sebagai sikap dan kesiapan dalam menghadapi tantangan perkembangan karir. Penelitian ini menguji kesesuaian model yang melihat peranan dukungan sosial dalam internalisasi regulasi diri dalam belajar sehingga dapat meningkatkan pembangunan adaptabilitas karir yang tinggi. Penelitian ini mengukur tiga variabel yaitu dukungan sosial sebagai variabel independen, regulasi diri dalam belajar sebagai variabel mediator dan adaptabilitas karir sebagai variabel dependen. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 1012 mahasiswa baru dari semua fakultas yang ada di UI dengan pengolahan data menggunakan structural equation model dari Lisrel 8.80, teknik regresi berganda untuk menguji hipotesis yang ditegakkan dan menggunakan anovar untuk memperkaya hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan model yang diajukan sesuai dengan data di lapangan dan membuktikan bahwa variabel regulasi diri dalam belajar adalah mediator penuh antara variabel dukungan sosial dengan variabel adaptabilitas karir. Artinya dukungan sosial hanya akan bermakna dalam pembangunan adaptabilitas karir apabila dimediasi oleh regulasi diri dalam belajar. Perlunya peningkatan peranan dukungan sosial untuk membantu remaja dalam internalisasi regulasi diri dalam belajar agar mereka dapat membangun adaptabilitas karir yang kuat.;

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ABSTRACT
The background of this study come from problems that often arise in career developmental skill, especially in terms of choosing a career, improve, and maintain consistency in choosing a career (e.g. education). That ability is called career adaptability. This study questioned what factors influence the increase career adaptability. The assumption made is when an individual successfully implementing self-regulation in learning, that its formation is influenced by social support, the planning, selection and career development will be easier to do. To prove these assumptions, this study will look at a relationship between social support as an agent of the formation of self-regulation skills in the development of career adaptability as attitude and readiness to face the challenges of career development task and the situational changes. This study examined the suitability of the model that saw the role of social support in the internalization of self-regulated learning to improve the development of strong and high career adaptability. This study measured three variables: social support as an independent variable, self-regulated learning as mediator variables and career adaptability as the dependent variable. Participants in this study amounted to 1012 new students of all faculties at the UI. For processing the data, this study using structural equation model of Lisrel 8.80, and using multiple regression techniques to test the hypothesis. Anovar was used to rich the rusult. The results of this study indicate that the model proposed in accordance with the data in the field and prove that the variables of self-regulated learning is a full mediator between social support and career adaptability. The implication from this study is, social support such as parents, teachers and peers, had a strategic influence in building regulated learning skill in order to strengthen career adaptability in young people;The background of this study come from problems that often arise in career developmental skill, especially in terms of choosing a career, improve, and maintain consistency in choosing a career (e.g. education). That ability is called career adaptability. This study questioned what factors influence the increase career adaptability. The assumption made is when an individual successfully implementing self-regulation in learning, that its formation is influenced by social support, the planning, selection and career development will be easier to do. To prove these assumptions, this study will look at a relationship between social support as an agent of the formation of self-regulation skills in the development of career adaptability as attitude and readiness to face the challenges of career development task and the situational changes. This study examined the suitability of the model that saw the role of social support in the internalization of self-regulated learning to improve the development of strong and high career adaptability. This study measured three variables: social support as an independent variable, self-regulated learning as mediator variables and career adaptability as the dependent variable. Participants in this study amounted to 1012 new students of all faculties at the UI. For processing the data, this study using structural equation model of Lisrel 8.80, and using multiple regression techniques to test the hypothesis. Anovar was used to rich the rusult. The results of this study indicate that the model proposed in accordance with the data in the field and prove that the variables of self-regulated learning is a full mediator between social support and career adaptability. The implication from this study is, social support such as parents, teachers and peers, had a strategic influence in building regulated learning skill in order to strengthen career adaptability in young people;The background of this study come from problems that often arise in career developmental skill, especially in terms of choosing a career, improve, and maintain consistency in choosing a career (e.g. education). That ability is called career adaptability. This study questioned what factors influence the increase career adaptability. The assumption made is when an individual successfully implementing self-regulation in learning, that its formation is influenced by social support, the planning, selection and career development will be easier to do. To prove these assumptions, this study will look at a relationship between social support as an agent of the formation of self-regulation skills in the development of career adaptability as attitude and readiness to face the challenges of career development task and the situational changes. This study examined the suitability of the model that saw the role of social support in the internalization of self-regulated learning to improve the development of strong and high career adaptability. This study measured three variables: social support as an independent variable, self-regulated learning as mediator variables and career adaptability as the dependent variable. Participants in this study amounted to 1012 new students of all faculties at the UI. For processing the data, this study using structural equation model of Lisrel 8.80, and using multiple regression techniques to test the hypothesis. Anovar was used to rich the rusult. The results of this study indicate that the model proposed in accordance with the data in the field and prove that the variables of self-regulated learning is a full mediator between social support and career adaptability. The implication from this study is, social support such as parents, teachers and peers, had a strategic influence in building regulated learning skill in order to strengthen career adaptability in young people, The background of this study come from problems that often arise in career developmental skill, especially in terms of choosing a career, improve, and maintain consistency in choosing a career (e.g. education). That ability is called career adaptability. This study questioned what factors influence the increase career adaptability. The assumption made is when an individual successfully implementing self-regulation in learning, that its formation is influenced by social support, the planning, selection and career development will be easier to do. To prove these assumptions, this study will look at a relationship between social support as an agent of the formation of self-regulation skills in the development of career adaptability as attitude and readiness to face the challenges of career development task and the situational changes. This study examined the suitability of the model that saw the role of social support in the internalization of self-regulated learning to improve the development of strong and high career adaptability. This study measured three variables: social support as an independent variable, self-regulated learning as mediator variables and career adaptability as the dependent variable. Participants in this study amounted to 1012 new students of all faculties at the UI. For processing the data, this study using structural equation model of Lisrel 8.80, and using multiple regression techniques to test the hypothesis. Anovar was used to rich the rusult. The results of this study indicate that the model proposed in accordance with the data in the field and prove that the variables of self-regulated learning is a full mediator between social support and career adaptability. The implication from this study is, social support such as parents, teachers and peers, had a strategic influence in building regulated learning skill in order to strengthen career adaptability in young people]

Abstrak :
Efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier menjadi topik yang penting dalam perkembangan karier mahasiswa karena banyak dikaitkan dengan ketidakpastian karier, kestabilan dan persistensi karier seseorang. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh dukungan kontekstual, hambatan kontekstual dan kepribadian proaktif terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier pada mahasiswa melalui self-directed learning berdasarkan Social Cognitive Career Theory SCCT. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang melibatkan 496 mahasiswa semester 4 dari seluruh fakultas di Universitas Indonesia. Partisipan diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan dari Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Dukungan dan Hambatan Kontekstual, 17-item Proactive Personality Scale dan Student Self-Directed Learning Questionaire. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan kontekstual dan kepribadian proaktif memiliki pengaruh secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui self-directed learning secara positif dan signifikan terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier. Hambatan kontekstual memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui self-directed learning secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier terhadap efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan teoritik karena pembahasan hanya berbasis pada pandangan SCCT model pilihan karier. Padahal dalam perkembangannya teori SCCT mengembangkan beberapa model yang dapat memperluas pembahasan efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi praktis bahwa mahasiswa yang memiliki ciri-ciri kepribadian proaktif akan tercermin pada seseorang yang memiliki ciri-ciri self-directed learning, yaitu bertanggung jawab terhadap pendidikan yang ditekuni dan dapat beradaptasi terhadap hambatan yang dijumpainya. Saran penelitian ini antara lain untuk memantapkan efikasi diri dalam keputusan karier, hambatan perlu diminimalisir dengan meningkatkan self-directed learning, membangun inisiatif mahasiswa dan meningkatkan dukungan kontekstual. ......Career decision self efficacy is an important topic in the career development because it is associated with career uncertainty, stability and persistence of one 39 s career. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of contextual support, contextual barriers, and proactive personality on career decisions self efficacy through self directed learning, based on Social Cognitive Career Theory. A quantitative study is carried out, involving 496 fourth semester students from all faculties in Universitas Indonesia. Participants have to answer the Career Decision Self Efficacy Short Form Scale, Support and Barriers Contextual Scale, 17 item Proactive Personality Scale and the Student Self Directed Learning Questionnaire. The results showed that support contextual and proactive personality has a direct and indirect effect through self directed learning in a positive and significant impact on career decision self efficacy. Contextual barriers have an indirect effect through self directed learning in a negative and significant impact on career decision self efficacy. This study has limitations because the theoretical discussion is only based on the views SCCT model of career choice. Whereas SCCT has developed several models to expand the discussion of career decision self efficacy. This research has practical implications that students who have a proactive personality traits will be reflected as a person who has the characteristics of self directed learning, which is responsible for their education and can adapt to any obstacles encountered. The suggestion of this research is to establish career decision self efficacy, barriers need to be minimized by increasing self directed learning, build student rsquo s initiative and improve contextual support.

Abstrak :
Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) memiliki kemampuan delay of gratification yang rendah. Mereka mengalami kesulitan saat harus menunggu dan menunda kepuasan. Sementara kemampuan delay of gratification diperlukan agar dapat menyesuaikan dengan tuntutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah tentang peran scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory terhadap kemampuan delay of gratification anak dengan DS. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap penelitian dimana masing-masing tahap menggunakan rancangan penelitian explanatory sequential mixed methods. Penelitian kuantitatif tahap pertama bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) korelasi waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial, dan physical pleasure menurut persepsi ibu (2) hubungan dimensi dan tipe scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak dan kemampuan delay of gratification. Penelitian kualitatif bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kemampuan delay of gratification anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan rendah saat bermain lego. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dengan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial dan physical pleasure yang dipersepsi ibu. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time anak adalah direction maintenance dan frustration control. Tipe scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time adalah speech disertai gesture. Hasil penelitian kualitatif terhadap tiga orang ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan empat ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah saat bermain lego menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama saat menjalankan tugas delay dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Penelitian tahap kedua bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) perbedaan waiting time saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan ketika anak berada sendirian (2) hubungan dimensi scaffolding dengan kemampuan delay of gratification (3) kesesuaian antara model dinamika hubungan antar variabel scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory dan kemampuan delay of gratification dengan data (model fit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan waiting time secara signifikan antara saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan saat anak berada sendirian. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan kemampuan delay of gratification adalah direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. Tipe scaffolding speech disertai gesture berkorelasi positif dengan kemampuan delay of gratification. Model teoritis yang diusulkan fit dengan data. Penelitian kualitatif tahap kedua menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi saat menjalankan tugas delay memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Implikasinya adalah ibu disarankan memberikan scaffolding berupa direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration dan frustration control, yang diberikan melalui speech disertai gesture. ......Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a low delay of gratification ability. They have difficulty waiting and delaying gratification. Meanwhile, the delay of gratification capability is needed in order to adapt to environment demands. This study aims to examine the role of scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and the delay of gratification ability of children with DS. This study consisted of two stages of research where each stage used an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. The first stage of quantitative research aims to prove (1) the correlation of waiting time when children perform delay tasks and the ability of delay gratification in the food, social interaction, and physical pleasure domain according to mother's perception (2) the relationnship between dimensions and types of scaffolding in mother-child interactions and the delay of gratification ability. The qualitative research aims to get a description of the delay of gratification ability of children from mothers with high and low scaffolding scores when playing lego. Quantitative data analysis used the Spearman Rho correlation test. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between waiting time when the child performed a delay task with the delay of gratification ability in the food, social interactions and physical pleasure domain perceived by mothers. The scaffolding dimensions which correlate with children's waiting time are direction maintenance and frustration control. The type of scaffolding that correlates with waiting time is speech accompanied by gesture. The results of a qualitative study of three mothers with high scaffolding scores and four mothers with low scaffolding scores while playing lego illustrate that mothers with high scaffolding scores have children with a longer waiting time while carrying out delay tasks than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The second stage of research aims to prove (1) the difference in waiting time when with mother, with mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child is alone (2) the relationship between the scaffolding dimension and the delay of gratification ability (3) the suitability dynamic models of the relationship between scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and delay of gratification ability with data (model fit). The results showed that there was a significant difference in waiting time between with the mother, with the mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child was alone. The dimensions of scaffolding that correlate with the delay of gratification ability are direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. The type of scaffolding speech accompanied by gesture has a positive correlation with the ability to delay gratification. The proposed theoretical model is fit with the data. The second stage of qualitative research illustrates that mothers with high scaffolding scores while carrying out delay tasks have children with a longer waiting time than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The implication is that mothers are suggested to provide scaffolding in the form of direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration and frustration control, which is given through speech accompanied by gestures.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia angkatan 2013 berjumlah 726 dan bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan peneliti mengenai ?Apakah dukungan makna belajar dari dosen, motivasi intrinsik, self-efficacy, dan pandangan mahasiswa terhadap dosen sebagai otoritas sumber informasi berpengaruh terhadap keterlibatan belajar mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan??. Untuk meneliti dan mendapatkan pemahaman yang menyeluruh mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keterlibatan belajar mahasiswa dalam aktivitas perkuliahannya, peneliti menggunakan sudut pandang antropologi untuk menjelaskan dinamika yang terjadi dalam diri mahasiswa dan sudut pandang epistemologi untuk menjelaskan proses pembentukan pengetahuan dalam belajar. Berdasarkan analisis literatur Perspektif Self Determination Theory dan Epistemological Beliefs Theory peneliti membangun Model Persamaan Struktural Keterlibatan Belajar. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah "Model persamaan struktural keterlibatan belajar sesuai dengan data penelitian". Variabel-variabel penelitian dalam model persamaan struktural keterlibatan belajar yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah dukungan makna belajar dari dosen, motivasi intrinsik, selfefficacy, pandangan otoritas sumber informasi, dan keterlibatan belajar. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dalam dua tahap penelitian. Pada tahap penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan penelusuran prioritas kebutuhan dasar psikologik dan pada penelitian utama dilakukan pengujian model persamaan struktural keterlibatan belajar. Hasil utama penelitian mengungkap bahwa dukungan makna belajar dari dosen dan pandangan mahasiswa terhadap dosennya sebagai otoritas sumber informasi secara signifikan memengaruhi keterlibatan belajar melalui self-efficacy dan motivasi intrinsik. Artinya, dukungan makna belajar dari dosen dan pandangan mahasiswa terhadap dosennya sebagai otoritas sumber informasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas keterlibatan belajar mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan. Peneliti memaparkan keterbatasan, implikasi dan saran penelitian sehubungan dengan hasil penelitian. ...... The study is focused on University of Indonesia Freshman of 2013 to answer the research question "How students perceive this lectures and student's engagement in class". To get a complete understanding of the factors that influence students engagement, anthropological and epistemological views are used. Based on Self Determination Theory and Epistemological Beliefs Theory this study constructs a Structural Model of Student Engagement and suggests the hypothesis that "Student engagement structural model fits with the data". Variables in this study are lecturer's support in making learning meaningful, intrinsic motivation, selfefficacy, students? perceived epistemic authority, and student engagement. The hypothesis is tested in 2 stages. In the first stage, a mixed methods study is used to discover priority of students basic psychological needs. In the second stage of the study, The Structural Equation Model is used to test the student engagement theoretical model. Overall, results of statistical testing accepted the hypothesized structural model, fitting with the observed data. The researcher also discusses the limitation of the study.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan model konseptual yang menjelaskan bagaimana peranan orientasi nilai, kebahagiaan psikologis dan keyakinan efikasi dalam perilaku menolong saksi perundungan. Pertanyaan penelitian ini dijawab melalui perhitungan struktural dari dua model konseptual. Responden penelitian adalah siswa dan orang dewasa misalnya guru, orang tua siswa . Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua studi. Pada studi pertama didapatkan 2.765 kuesioner dan pada studi dua didapatkan 2.387 kuesioner yang dapat diolah. Selain penyebaran kuesioner, juga dilakukan FGD untuk memperkaya hasil penelitian. Hasil perhitungan SEM menunjukkan model konseptual 2 lebih baik daripada model konseptual 1. Terbukti bahwa orientasi nilai, kebahagiaan psikologis, keyakinan efikasi komunitas dan keyakinan efikasi diri berperan bersama-sama dalam perilaku menolong saksi. Keyakinan efikasi diri ditemukan memediasi kebahagiaan psikologis dan keyakinan efikasi komunitas. Dari analisa kualitatif diketahui bahwa saksi bersedia membela korban, namun ragu untuk bertindak. Salah satu kekhawatiran saksi adalah ia tidak didukung komunitas sekolah dan dianggap ingin muncul sebagai pahlawan sendiri. Implikasi untuk intervensi perundungan dibahas.

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The purpose of this research is to prove the conceptual model, that explains the role of value orientation, psychological well being, and efficacy beliefs on bullying bystander rsquo s helping behavior. The research question is being obtained through structural equation modeling SEM of two conceptual models. The research respondents are students and adults such as teachers, parents . Two studies were completed, with 2.765 questionnaires from the first study and 2.387 questionnaires from the second study. Besides using questionnaires, FGD was executed to enrich the results of the research.The result of SEM rsquo s showed that the second conceptual model is a better fit than the first conceptual model. It is proved that value orientation, psychological well being, collective efficacy and self efficacy beliefs have a role together in determining the bystander rsquo s helping behavior. Self efficacy has been found to mediate psychological well being and collective efficacy. Based on the qualitative analysis, it has been known that the bystanders would defend the victim, but hesitated in taking actions. One of the bystander rsquo s concern was whether he she is supported or not by the school community and was judged as being a ldquo single hero rdquo . Implications for bulying intervention are discussed.

Abstrak :
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji model pembuatan keputusan etis pada mahasiswa berdasarkan model interaksionis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian mixed method jenis explanatory sequential. Pada studi I, subjek berjumlah 376 mahasiswa di Jabodetabek dan Yogyakarta. Mahasiswa mengisi skala pembuatan keputusan etis mahasiswa, kesadaran etis, religiusitas, karakter moral, konformitas dan kepatuhan pada figur otoritas. Skala kesadaran etis digunakan sebagai kontrol subjek penelitian sebelum dilakukan uji model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model teoretis persamaan struktural yang menggambarkan pengaruh variabel religiusitas, karakter moral, konformitas dan kepatuhan pada figur otoritas terhadap pembuatan keputusan etis fit dengan data empiris. Religiusitas mempunyai efek langsung dan tidak langsung dengan arah positif terhadap pembuatan keputusan etis. Karakter moral dan Kepatuhan pada figur otoritas merupakan mediator hubungan yang signifikan antara religiusitas dan pembuatan keputusan etis, sementara konformitas tidak demikian. Pada studi II, dilakukan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan teknik wawancara mendalam. Hasil studi II mendukung hasil pada studi I. Faktor-faktor lain yang memengaruhi pembuatan keputusan etis ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Faktor-faktor yaitu faktor akademik dan non akademik. Faktor akademik terdiri dari: sosialisasi etis, kontrak belajar di kelas dan sistem penegakan aturan berupa penghargaan dan konsekuensi, sistem pelacakan plagiarisme yang ketat, sistem pengecek presensi yg akurat, kurang trampil dalam student skill berupa pencarian materi/referensi. Faktor non akademik terdiri dari emosi panik dan bingung, kondisi fisik, pemaknaan terhadap isu-isu etis. Adapun keterbatasan penelitian yaitu subjek penelitian pada studi I dan II, mayoritas beragama Islam, sehingga variasi dalam keberagamaannya menjadi kurang terwakili. Penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk dimensi teknologi dan perbandingan data demografi. Mahasiswa yang masih belajar dan telah bekerja dapat dilakukan perbandingan lebih lanjut baik melalui studi longitudinal maupun cross sectional. Terdapat dua implikasi hasil penelitian ini terhadap model teoritis yang digunakan. Pertama, hasil penelitian ini memberikan alternatif model pembuatan keputusan etis dengan memperhatikan konteks penelitian. Kedua, berdasarkan penelitian ini, bagi institusi pendidikan dapat membuat suatu program peningkatan nilai-nilai etis pada mahasiswa yang memuat materi nilai-nilai religius, membuat program penguatan karakter moral dan menjadikan figur otoritas sebagai agen sosialisasi etik. ......The aim of this study was to examine a model of ethical decision-making among students based on the interactionist model. This study used a mixed method research design with explanatory sequential type. In study I, the subjects were 376 students in Jabodetabek and Yogyakarta. Students filled in the scales of student ethical decision making, ethical awareness, religiosity, moral character, conformity and obedience to authority figures. The ethical awareness scale was used as a control for research subjects before the model test was carried out. The results showed a structural equation theoretical model that describes the influence of the variables of religiosity, moral character, conformity and obedience to authority figures on ethical decision making fit with empirical data. Religiosity had a direct and indirect effect in a positive direction on ethical decision making. Moral character and obedience to authority figures were a significant mediator of the relationship between religiosity and ethical decision-making, while conformity was not. In study II, a qualitative research was conducted using the phenomenological method with in-depth interview techniques. The results of study II support the results of study I. Other factors that influenced ethical decision making were found in this study. The factors were academic and non-academic factors. Academic factors were consisted of ethical socialization, study contracts and enforcement systems in the form of rewards and consequences, strict plagiarism tracking systems, accurate attendance checking systems, lack of skill in student skills in the form of material/reference searches. Non-academic factors were consisted of emotions of panic and confusion, physical condition, understanding of ethical issues. The research subjects in studies I and II were predominantly Moslem, so that variations in their diversity were underrepresented. This research can be developed further for the dimensions of technology and comparison of demographic data. Students who are still studying and have worked can be made further comparisons either through longitudinal or cross sectional studies. There are two implications of the results of this study on the theoretical model used. First, the results of this study provide an alternative model of ethical decision making by taking into account the research context. Second, based on this research, educational institutions can make many programs to increase ethical values in students containing material on religious values, create programs for strengthening moral character and make authority figures as agents of ethical socialization.