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"Background: Indonesia is one of ten countries in the world with estimated number of dementia case exceeding a million. The number of elderly population living in Indonesian cities has exceeded the number in rural areas, but the country lacks data representing the urban population better related to modifiable risk factors for dementia, prevention of which is crucial. We aimed to identify the modifiable risk factors for dementia in Indonesia's urban population. Methods: this case-control study used five-year data in Indonesia's national general hospital by tracing back medical record books of individuals aged 60 years and above in geriatric medicine outpatient clinic to the first hospital visit. Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate analyses to adjust for confounding factors appropriately. Results: data from 345 patients suggested that the significant risk factors for dementia were history of smoking (adjusted OR 2.860, 95% CI 1.559-5.246), history of hearing loss (adjusted OR 7.962, 95% CI 3.534-17.941), history of depression (adjusted OR 12.473, 95% CI 2.533-61.417), hypertension (adjusted OR 1.751, 95% CI 1.006-3.048), and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 2.561, 95% CI 1.482-4.425). Dementia patients had longer median duration of diabetes mellitus (12 years) than elderly without dementia (9 years) before the diagnosis of dementia. Single point late-life underweight condition and low educational attainment were not associated with dementia in Indonesia's urban setting. The risk factors for vascular dementia were largely similar to those of dementia. Conclusion: in Indonesian urban population, history of smoking, hearing loss, depression, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are associated with dementia."

"Aim: To observe the effect of calorie restriction on the formation of lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde/MDA) caused by free radicals and antioxidant level (glutathione/GSH) among healthy young males during Ramadan fasting.Subjects and Methods: Prospective self-controlled study was performed on 22 healthy men aged 20-25 years who were presumed to be undergoing the calorie restriction. Subjects were observed four times: day 7 prior to the Ramadan month, the 7lh and 21"' days of Ramadan and day 7 after Ramadan. All data are presented as mean averages (SEM); all statistical comparisons were made using Anova Repeated Measures and Pearson's bivariate correlation.Results: Caloric intake decreased by 22 - 25% and MDA decreased significantly (p- 0.002), while GSH levels increased significantly (p= 0.047). There was no correlation between calorie restriction and MDA levels (p= 0.27; r= 0.25), but calorie restriction and GSH were correlated (p= 0.049; r= -0.18).Conclusion: This study showed that calorie restriction during Ramadan fasting decreased MDA and raised plasma GSH levels."

"Background: nowadays, specific IgE measurement has been conducted in Indonesia, however there is still lack of data regarding diagnostic test to detect inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergies.This study aimed to determine the accuracy of specific IgE test in diagnosing specific sensitization of inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergies.Methods: this was a cross sectional study in patients with respiratory allergies and part of epidemiology study regarding to specific IgE sensitization in Allergy-Immunollogy Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta within November-December 2016. Measurement of specific IgE sensitization using Immunoblot method (Euroline, Euroimmun AG, Germany). The tested allergen is house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t) and cockroach Blatella germanica (Bla g). The result is compared with gold standard, skin prick test. The diagnostic result includes sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-).Results: a total of 101 patients were enrolled; 77 (76.2%) were women. Patients mean age was 38.8 years old. Based on SPT, sensitization was highest for Blo t (76.2%), followed by Der p (70.3%), Der f (69.3%), and Bla g (41.6%). Specific IgE-sensitization was highest for Der f (52.9%), followed by Der p (38.2%), Blo t (33.3%) and Bla g (10.8%). Der p allergen had 50.7% sentivity, 90% specificity, 92.3% PPV, 43.5% NPV, 5.1 LR+ and 0.1LR-. Der f showed 71.4% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, 82.6% PPV, 57.4% NPV, 5.5 LR+ and 0.3 LR-. Blo t allergen had 41.6% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity, 94.1% PPV, 32.8% NPV, 5.0 LR+, and 0.6 LR-. Bla g allergen had 23.8% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity, 90.9% PPV, 64.4% NPV, 14.5 LR+ and 0.8 LR-.Conclusion: serum specific IgE testing to common inhalant allergen in patients with respiratory allergy showed only low-to-moderate sensitivity, but high specificity and PPV. This new assay can be used to diagnose allergen sensitization in the population with high prevalence of TDR and cockroach."