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"Stroke is the leading non-communicable cause of death in Indonesia. The number of stroke patients increases every year. A prevention strategy needs to be implemented to control the number of stroke patients, starting by determining the factors affecting the incidence of stroke. This study aimed to determine factors affecting stroke incidence, including smoking status, past hypertension, past diabetes, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. The total of respondents was 132, consisting of 66 cases and 66 controls. This study employed a case control design and systematic random sampling method. The study was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Public Hospital in Blitar District, East Java Province, Indonesia, in October-November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p-value = 0.011, OR = 2.6), past hypertension (p-value = 0.00, OR = 6), past diabetes (p-value = 0.015, OR = 5.7), and unhealthy diet (p-value = 0.00, OR = 5.7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors significantly affecting stroke were smoking status, past hypertension, and an unhealthy diet. In conclusion, smoking, past hypertension, and an unhealthy diet are factors affecting the incidence of stroke."

"Prehipertensi banyak terjadi pada penderita obesitas abdominal. Prevalensi obesitas abdominal di Kabupaten Gresik sebesar 21,5%. Kepatuhan diet penderita prehipertensi dengan obesitas abdominal diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Prehipertensi dan hipertensi berhubungan dengan pelbagai komplikasi pada hampir seluruh organ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan prehipertensi pada obesitas abdominal di Kabupaten Gresik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Gresik pada November 2013 - November 2014 dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Responden adalah pasien yang datang ke unit rawat jalan puskesmas yang diambil secara konsekutif sejumlah 74 orang. Responden berusia antara 25 - 64 tahun, mengalami obesitas abdominal, tidak hamil, tidak hipertensi, dan tidak syok. Responden diwawancarai usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat keluarga, dan kebiasaan makan serta diperiksa tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol total, LDL, HDL, trigliserida, dan gula darah puasa. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat serta multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Prevalensi prehipertensi pada obesitas abdominal sebesar 62,2%. Jika dibandingkan menurut jenis kelamin, laki-laki banyak mengalami prehipertensi. Kadar trigliserida berhubungan secara signifikan dengan prehipertensi (PR = 4,620; 95% CI = 1,439 - 14,831; nilai p = 0,010). Intervensi untuk mencegah prehipertensi perlu dilakukan sejak dini dengan memodifikasi gaya hidup orang dengan obesitas abdominal.

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Prehypertension commonly happened to people suffering abdominal obesity. The abdominal obesity prevalence in Gresik District was 21.5%. Dietary compliance of patients with prehypertension and abdominal obesity was needed to decrease hypertension risk. Prehypertension and hypertension correlate with various complications in almost organs. This study aimed to Prehipertensi pada Obesitas Abdominal Prehypertention among Abdominal Obesity Lia Churniawati, Santi Martini, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni analyze prehypertension determinants among abdominal obesity as conducted on November 2013 - November 2014 using cross sectional design. Respondents were patients coming to primary health care?s outpatient unit as 74 people taken consecutively. They were 25 - 64 years old, suffering abdominal obesity, not getting pregnant, non-hypertensive and not in a shock. Respondents were interviewed regarding age, sex, education, physical activities, smoking habits, family records and eating habits as blood pressure and levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose measured. Data analysis applied univariate, bivariate with chi square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regressions. The prehypertension prevalence among abdominal obesity was 62.2%. If compared based on sex, males have more prehypertension experience. Triglyceride levels significantly related to prehypertension (PR = 4.620; 95% CI = 1.439 - 14.831; p value = 0.010). Intervention to prevent prehypertension should be implemented since early by modifying lifestyle of people suffering abdominal obesity."

"Prehipertensi banyak terjadi pada penderita obesitas abdominal. Prevalensi obesitas abdominal di Kabupaten Gresik sebesar 21,5%. Kepatuhan diet penderita prehipertensi dengan obesitas abdominal diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Prehipertensi dan hipertensi berhubungan dengan pelbagai komplikasi pada hampir seluruh organ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan prehipertensi pada obesitas abdominal di Kabupaten Gresik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Gresik pada November 2013 - November 2014 dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Responden adalah pasien yang datang ke unit rawat jalan puskesmas yang diambil secara konsekutif sejumlah 74 orang. Responden berusia antara 25 - 64 tahun, mengalami obesitas abdominal, tidak hamil, tidak hipertensi, dan tidak syok. Responden diwawancarai usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat keluarga, dan kebiasaan makan serta diperiksa tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol total, LDL, HDL, trigliserida, dan gula darah puasa. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat serta multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Prevalensi prehipertensi pada obesitas abdominal sebesar 62,2%. Jika dibandingkan menurut jenis kelamin, laki-laki banyak mengalami prehipertensi. Kadar trigliserida berhubungan secara signifikan dengan prehipertensi (PR = 4,620; 95% CI = 1,439 - 14,831; nilai p = 0,010). Intervensi untuk mencegah prehipertensi perlu dilakukan sejak dini dengan memodifikasi gaya hidup orang dengan obesitas abdominal.

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Prehypertension commonly happened to people suffering abdominal obesity. The abdominal obesity prevalence in Gresik District was 21.5%. Dietary compliance of patients with prehypertension and abdominal obesity was needed to decrease hypertension risk. Prehypertension and hypertension correlate with various complications in almost organs. This study aimed to Prehipertensi pada Obesitas Abdominal Prehypertention among Abdominal Obesity Lia Churniawati, Santi Martini, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni analyze prehypertension determinants among abdominal obesity as conducted on November 2013 - November 2014 using cross sectional design. Respondents were patients coming to primary health care?s outpatient unit as 74 people taken consecutively. They were 25 - 64 years old, suffering abdominal obesity, not getting pregnant, non-hypertensive and not in a shock. Respondents were interviewed regarding age, sex, education, physical activities, smoking habits, family records and eating habits as blood pressure and levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose measured. Data analysis applied univariate, bivariate with chi square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regressions. The prehypertension prevalence among abdominal obesity was 62.2%. If compared based on sex, males have more prehypertension experience. Triglyceride levels significantly related to prehypertension (PR = 4.620; 95% CI = 1.439 - 14.831; p value = 0.010). Intervention to prevent prehypertension should be implemented since early by modifying lifestyle of people suffering abdominal obesity."

"Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Jintan (Plectranthus amboinicus) terhadap Kadar BUN dan Kreatinin serta Respon Seluler Faktor Proinflamasi TNF-α dan IL-1β Pasien Gout Artritis. Pengobatan gout artritis (GA) saat ini dikembangkan berbasis anti sitokin yaitu blokade kemokin, penghambatan pelepasan IL-1β dan TNF-α. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan pengobatan berbasis anti sitokin dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun jintan yang diaplikasikan pada penderita GA. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental semu dengan desain penelitian randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Pengambilan sampel pasien GA di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Poli Penyakit Dalam RSU Haji Surabaya yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 responden terbagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol masing-masing 15 responden. Pada kelompok perlakuan diminta untuk minum obat dari Rumah Sakit ditambah dengan kapsul ekstrak daun jintan selama 7 hari, dengan dilakukan pengamatan keradangan sendi. Pada kelompok kontrol minum obat dari Rumah Sakit dan dilakukan pengamatan keradangan sendi. Sampel darah diambil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan untuk mengukur kadar BUN, kreatinin, konsentrasi TNF-α dan IL-1β. Terdapat penurunan kadar BUN dan kreatinin pada kelompok kontrol namun tidak signifikan yaitu menurun sebesar 3% dan 8%. Sementara pada kelompok perlakuan terdapat peningkatan kadar BUN dan Kreatinin namun juga tidak signifikan sebesar 3% dan 7%. Terdapat penurunan konsentrasi TNF-α pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 9% dan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 22%, keduanya tidak signifikan. Sementara konsentrasi IL-1β terjadi peningkatan pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 18%, sementara pada kelompok perlakuan terjadi penurunan sebesar 3%, keduanya tidak signifikan.

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The purpose of this research was to develop anti-cytokine-based treatment using extract of Plectranthus amboinicus applied to gout arthritis (GA) patients. The research was quasi experimental, with a pretest-posttest randomized control group design. The samples were GA patients in the Outpatient Installation of Internal Medicine in General Hospital Haji, Surabaya. The sample was comprised of 30 respondents. The respondents were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was asked to take medicine from the hospital, coupled with P. amboinicus extract capsules, for 7 days, during which time patients? joint inflammation was observed. The control group was provided with only medication from the hospital, and their joint inflammation was likewise observed. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment, to measure the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, as well as the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. There was a decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in the control group, but it was not significant, decreasing by 3% and 8%, respectively. The treatment group also showed elevated levels of BUN and creatinine, which also was not significant at 3% and 7%, respectively. There was a decrease in the concentration of TNF-α in the control group by 9% and 22%. The concentration of IL-1β in the control group increased by 18%, whereas,in the treatment group, it decreased by 3%; however, the decreases in both groups were not significant."