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Abstrak :
This case study reviewed conventional root canal treatment of a maxillary first premolar which unexpectedly had a single canal with two foramens. this tooth was recognized as the least frequent tooth appeared neither with additional canal nor unusual root anatomy. Retreatment for this casewas successfull through widening of the access cavity and the root canal. While trying the master cone, it revealed that the canal splitted and had two foramens. A thorough knowledge of the root canal anatomy as well as careful radiograph interpretations were essential in enhancing the root-cleaning procedure.

Abstrak :
The management of failure case resulting form mummification treatment Signs of successful treatment folloewing mummification are the absence of clinical complaints, the formation of secondary cement, and no periapical pathosis present. Treatment about amputation the infected pulp, which has been devitalized in the pulp chamber and leaving the necrotic pulp tissues in root canal is no longer in accordance with treatment tenet now a day. The remaining necrotic tissues is a focus of infection capable of disturbing biologic healing of tissues. Three cases of root canal treatment following pulp mummification which has been done causes complaints from discomfort to severe pain and the infections spread to periapical tissue in 2, 10, and 22 years afterwards. The results of the treatment are good and periapical radiolucency shawing signs of diminution and disappearance. Evaluation on each case was done in 3 months, 6 months and 2 years after the root canal treatment.

Abstrak :
Kebutuhan akan restorasi tuang di bidang kedokteran gigi semakin meningkat seiring dengan keberhasilan pembangunan Indonesia. Logam pilihan untuk membuat restorasi tuang pada umumnya adalah logam paduan emas, dan material yang beredar di Indonesia pada umumnya masih harus diimpor dari luar negeri dan harganya cukup mahal. Dengan meningkatnya harga emas, maka perlu dicari logam alternatif lain untuk restorasi tuang. Indonesia yang merupakan salah satu penghasil tambang nikel dan tembaga, sudah sepatutnya dapat memanfaatkannya untuk berbagai keperluan termasuk di bidang kedokteran gigi. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan logam paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan untuk keperluan restorasi gigi. Hasil penelitian di tahun pertama telah dibuat 5 komposisi paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan, yaitu . 2ONi-40Cu-40Mn, 30Ni-40Cu-40Mn, 30Ni-40Cu-30Mn, 40Ni-30Cu-30Hn, dan 5ONi-30Cu-20Mn. Kelima paduan tersebut telah dilakukan uji komposisi, kekerasan, kemampuan tuang, dan kekuatan tarik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan mempunyai kekerasan yang lebih besar dari logam paduan emas. Temperatur lebur paduan berkisar dari 960 0C sampai dengan 1160 0C. Kemampuan tuang cukup baik terutama pada paduan dengan temperatur lebur kurang dari 1000 0C. Kekuatan tarik memperlihatkan hasil yang bervariasi dimana mempunyai kombinasi kekuatan tarik dan strain yang cukup besar. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan restorasi tuang di bidang kedokteran gigi. Untuk memperbaiki sifat yang dipunyai logam paduan, maka perlu ditambahkan sedikit logam Pd (palladium). Pada penelitian pada tahun berikutnya perlu dilakukan pengujian sifat kimia, yaitu uji korosi, dan uji sifat biologis, yaitu uji toksisitas dan sensitivitas pada binatang percobaan.

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Demand for cast restorations in dentistry is rapidly increasing along with the improvement in economical status as a result of development. Among other metals used in dentistry, gold alloys are usually the metal of choice for cast restorations, because of its superior qualities. The materials available in Indonesia are still imported and they do cost a fortune. As the value of gold increases, it is necessary to use metal for cast restorations. For Indonesia, as one of the nickel and copper producing countries, it is most obvious that we should be able to utilize the metals for various purposes, especially in dentistry. The study uses nickel-copper-manganese alloys for tooth restoration. In the first year of study, 5 compositions of nickel-copper-manganese alloys combinations have been produced, namely: 2ONi-40Cu-4OHn, 30Ni-40Cu-40Mn, 3ONi-4OCu-30Mn, 4ONi-30Cu-30Mn, and 5ONi-30Cu-2OMn. Each of the five composition have undergone several tests, which are composition test, hardness test, castability, and tensile strength test. The result of the study shows that nickel-copper-manganese alloys are harder than gold alloys. The melting point of Ni-Cu-Mn alloys are between 960 C and 1160 C. The castability is satisfactory, especially when the melting point is below 1000 ,C. Variety of its tensile strength has been noted, with a relatively high strain. These properties indicates that nickel-copper-manganese alloys can be used as cast restoration in dentistry. To improve the property or quality of the alloy, a small amount of palladium was added. Studies for the following year is designed to test the alloys chemical properties .(corrosion) and biological properties (toxicity and sensitivity on experimental animals).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kebutuhan akan restorasi tuang di bidang kedokteran gigi semakin meningkat seiring dengan keberhasilan pembangunan Indonesia. Logam pilihan untuk membuat restorasi tuang pada umumnya adalah logam paduan emas, dan material yang beredar di Indonesia pada umumnya masih harus diimpor dari luar negeri dan harganya cukup mahal. Dengan meningkatnya harga emas, maka perlu dicari logam alternatif lain untuk restorasi tuang. Indonesia yang merupakan salah satu penghasil tambang nikel dan tembaga, sudah sepatutnya dapat memanfaatkannya untuk berbagai keperluan termasuk di bidang kedokteran gigi.

Dalam penelitian ini digunakan logam paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan untuk keperluan restorasi gigi. Hasil penelitian di tahun pertama telah dibuat 5 komposisi paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan, yaitu, 2ONi-40Cu-40Mn, 30Ni-40Cu-40Mn, 30Ni-40Cu-30Mn, 40Ni-30Cu-30Hn, dan 5ONi-30Cu-20Mn. Kelima paduan tersebut telah dilakukan uji komposisi, kekerasan, kemampuan tuang, dan kekuatan tarik.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan mempunyai kekerasan yang lebih besar dari logam paduan emas. Temperatur lebur paduan berkisar dari 960 °C sampai dengan 1160 °C. Kemampuan tuang cukup baik terutama pada paduan dengan temperatur lebur kurang dari 1000 °C. Kekuatan tarik memperlihatkan hasil yang bervariasi dimana mempunyai kombinasi kekuatan tarik dan strain yang cukup besar. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa paduan nikel-tembaga-mangan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan restorasi tuang di bidang kedokteran gigi. Untuk memperbaiki sifat yang dipunyai logam paduan, maka perlu ditambahkan sedikit logam Pd (palladium).

Pada penelitian pada tahun berikutnya perlu dilakukan pengujian sifat kimia, yaitu uji korosi, dan uji sifat biologis, yaitu uji toksisitas dan sensitivitas pada binatang percobaan.

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ABSTRACT
Demand for cast restorations in dentistry is rapidly increasing along with the improvement in economical status as a result of development. Among other metals used in dentistry, gold alloys are usually the metal of choice for cast restorations, because of its superior qualities. The materials available in Indonesia are still imported and they do cost a fortune. As the value of gold increases, it is necessary to use metal for cast restorations. For Indonesia, as one of the nickel and copper producing countries, it is most obvious that we should be able to utilize the metals for various purposes, especially in dentistry.

The study uses nickel-copper-manganese alloys for tooth restoration. In the first year of study, 5 compositions of nickel-copper-manganese alloys combinations have been produced, namely: 2ONi-40Cu-4OHn, 30Ni-40Cu-40Mn, 3ONi-4OCu-30Mn, 4ONi-30Cu-30Mn, and 5ONi-30Cu-2OMn. Each of the five composition have undergone several tests, which are composition test, hardness test, castability, and tensile strength test.

The result of the study shows that nickel-copper-manganese alloys are harder than gold alloys. The melting point of Ni-Cu-Mn alloys are between 960 °C and 1160 °C. The castability is satisfactory, especially when the melting point is below 1000 °C. Variety of its tensile strength has been noted, with a relatively high strain. These properties indicates that nickel-copper-manganese alloys can be used as cast restoration in dentistry. To improve the property or quality of the alloy, a small amount of palladium was added.

Studies for the following year is designed to test the alloys chemical properties (corrosion) and biological properties (toxicity and sensitivity on experimental animals).