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"Latar belakang: Keganasan pankreas merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas signifikan di dunia dengan 90% kasus adalah adenokarsinoma yang umumnya terdiagnosis stadium lanjut karena tidak memiliki gejala klinis spesifik dan keterbatasan dalam menegakkan diagnosis. Adenokarsinoma pankreas disebabkan oleh perubahan histologik dari neoplasma intraepitelial pankreas (PanIN) dan mutasi genetik antara lain aktivasi onkogen KRAS serta inaktivasi gen supresor tumor seperti CDKN2A/p16, p53, BRCA2 dan Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 4 (SMAD4) atau disebut juga Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer, locus 4 (DPC4). Mutasi DPC4 ditemukan pada 55% kasus dan relatif spesifik pada adenokarsinoma pankreas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai ekspresi DPC4 pada adenokarsinoma pankreas dengan sampel fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) dengan tujuan meningkatkan akurasi diagnosis.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel diambil dari data arsip Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM terdiri atas kelompok data berpasangan dengan 9 kasus adenokarsinoma dan 5 kasus nonadenokarsinoma dari Januari 2012-Agustus 2018 serta kelompok data tidak berpasangan dengan 10 kasus adenokarsinoma dari Januari 2017-Agustus 2018. Dilakukan pulasan DPC4 pada sampel sitologi dan histopatologik. Penilaian mengunakan persentase cut off positif >50% sel tumor.Hasil: Ekspresi DPC4 negatif didapatkan pada 5 kasus adenokarsinoma dan 0 kasus nonadenokarsinoma data berpasangan, serta 5 kasus adenokarsinoma data tidak berpasangan. Uji Fisher s exact yang dilakukan mendapatkan hasil ekspresi DPC4 pada adenokarsinoma dan nonadenokarsinoma data berpasangan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan nilai p>0.05.Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara ekspresi DPC4 pada adenokarsinoma dan nonadenokarsinoma.

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Background: Pancreatic malignancy is one of the causes of significant morbidity and mortality in the world with 90% of cases were adenocarcinomas which are generally diagnosed in advanced stages because there is no specific clinical symptom and limitation in making a diagnosis. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is caused by histological changes of intraepithelial pancreatic neoplasms (PanIN) and genetic mutations including activation of KRAS oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A/p16, p53, BRCA2 and Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 4 (SMAD4) or also called Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer, locus 4 (DPC4). DPC4 mutations is found in 55% of cases and relatively specific in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study was conducted to assess the expression of DPC4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma using a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) sample to increase diagnosis accuracy.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Samples were taken from archival data of the Anatomical Pathology Department of FKUI/RSCM consisting of paired data group with 9 cases of adenocarcinoma and 5 cases of nonadenocarcinoma from January 2012 to August 2018 and unpaired data group with 10 cases of adenocarcinoma from January 2017 to August 2018. All cytology and histopathologic samples were stained with DPC4 antibody and evaluated using a positive cut-off> 50% of tumor cells.

Results: Negative DPC4 expression was found in 5 cases of adenocarcinoma and 0 cases of nonadenocarcinoma in paired data group, and 5 cases of unpaired data group adenocarcinoma. The Fisher s exact showed no significant difference of DPC4 expression between adenocarcinoma and nonadenocarcinoma paired data group with p value> 0.05.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the expression of DPC4 between adenocarcinoma and nonadenocarcinoma."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan : Nodul tiroid banyak ditemukan pada populasi dewasa. Kebanyakan merupakan lesi jinak yang tidak memerlukan tindakan lanjutan, namun 7-15% dapat ganas. Modalitas paling sensitif untuk evaluasi adalah ultrasonografi (USG), namun untuk memastikan jenis nodul tetap diperlukan diagnosis invasif dengan lini pertama yaitu pemeriksaan sitopatologi dengan fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Saat ini berkembang elastografi untuk menilai kekakuan jaringan, dengan teori semakin ganas nodul maka semakin padat jaringan dan elastisitas berkurang. Elastografi kualitatif menggunakan skoring dengan kriteria Rago berdasarkan warna nodul yang semakin gelap dengan meningkatnya kepadatan. Diharapkan elastografi dapat menjadi tambahan untuk evaluasi nodul tiroid. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara pemeriksaan strain elastografi kualitatif kriteria Rago dengan hasil sitopatologi. Metode : Uji kesesuaian menggunakan data primer elastografi nodul tiroid berdasarkan sistem skoring Rago dengan hasil sitopatologi berdasarkan klasifikasi Bethesda, dengan desain potong lintang (cross sectional), di RSCM bulan Juli-Agustus 2018. Subjek penelitian adalah 39 nodul yang dikategorikan menjadi benign, intermediate, dan malignant. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji McNemar dan Kappa. Hasil : Didapatkan kesesuaian antara hasil strain elastografi dengan FNAB dengan hasil McNemar test p=0,214, nilai Kappa R=0,52 dan p=0,000. Kesimpulan : Terdapat kesesuaian antara elastografi menggunakan sistem skoring kategori Rago dengan sitopatologi dengan tingkat kesesuaian moderate sehingga elastografi dapat menjadi pemeriksaan tambahan untuk evaluasi nodul tiroid.

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Introduction : Thyroid nodule is common condition in adult populations, which mostly are benign. Nevertheless, malignancy can be found in 7-15% nodules. The most sensitive modality to evaluate thyroid nodule is ultrasonography (USG), although invasive examination is still necessary to confirm benignity or malignancy with first line is cytopathology with fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Elastography is developed to asses tissue elasticity, with theory that higher malignancy the cells are denser and elasticity is decreasing. In qualitative elastography there is Rago scoring system criteria based on colors appearing in nodules which darker as nodule grows denser. Elastography may become additional examination to evaluate thyroid nodules. The objective of this research is to acknowledge the concordance between qualitative strain elastography and cytopathology result.

Methods : This research is suitability test using primary data of thyroid nodules elastography and cytopathology results in RSCM between July to August 2018. The design is cross sectional. The subjects are 39 nodules and every nodule is grouped into three categories which is benign, intermediate, and malignant. Statistical analysis is performed using McNemar and Kappa test.

Result : Concordance can be found between scoring system strain elastography with FNAB results with McNemar test p=0,214, Kappa R=0,52 and p=0,000.

Conclusion : There is concordance between scoring system strain elastography using Rago criteria with FNAB results with moderate level of agreement. Thus, elastography can be used as additional examination to evaluate thyroid nodules."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keluhan subjektif mata kering dan gangguan komponen air mata (lipid, akuos, mucin) pada pasien thalassemia mayor dengan riwayat transfusi darah jangka panjang, serta menganalisis hubungan antara kadar feritin serum, durasi, dan frekuensi transfusi darah dengan masing-masing parameter penilaian komponen lapisan air mata. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) pada pasien thalassemia mayor yang sudah berusia dan mengalami transfusi darah selama minimal 10 tahun. Penilaian mata kering terdiri dari pengisian kuesioner OSDI untuk menilai keluhan subjektif, pemeriksaan biomikroskopi lampu celah dan nilai tear break up time (TBUT) untuk menilai tingkat keparahan mata kering, pemeriksaan Schirmer basal, Ferning, dan sitologi impressi konjungtiva untuk menghitung jumlah sel goblet. Data perhitungan tingkat keparahan mata kering, nilai uji Schirmer basal, TBUT, dan jumlah sel goblet dianalisis dan dicari hubungannya dengan kadar feritin serum, durasi dan frekuensi transfusi. Pada 77 subyek, mata kering terjadi sebanyak 14.3%, penurunan nilai TBUT (39%), nilai Schirmer basal (37.7%), nilai Ferning (24.7%), dan jumlah sel goblet (45.5%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara tingkat keparahan mata kering, nilai TBUT, nilai Schirmer basal, nilai Ferning, dan jumlah sel goblet dengan kadar feritin serum, durasi, dan frekuensi transfusi. Namun, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat keparahan mata kering dan usia (p = 0.014), serta nilai TBUT (p = 0.012) dan Schirmer (p = 0.014) dengan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan 14.3% subyek thalassemia mayor mengalami mata kering berdasarkan kriteria DEWS 2007. Kejadian mata kering pada thalassemia mayor tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor transfusi dan kadar feritin serum, melainkan dipengaruhi oleh usia dan jenis kelamin.

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This study is aimed to understand subjective complaints for dry eyes and disruption of component of tear fluid (lipid, aqueous, mucin) in patients with major thalassemia with a history of long-term blood transfusions and to analyse the correlation between serum ferritin level, duration and frequency of blood transfusion. This study is a cross-sectional study. The subject of this study is patients with major thalassemia age minimum of 10 years old and have had blood transfusion for at least 10 years. OSDI questionnaire, slit-lamp biomicroscopy examination, tear break up time (TBUT), and basal Schirmer test was used to assess dry eyes severity. Ferning and conjunctiva impression cytology examination was used to assess mucin quality and count the amount of goblet cells. The correlation analysis between the result of these assessments and serum ferritin level and duration and frequency of blood transfusion was done. In 77 subjects, the prevalence of dry eyes is 14.3%. There is a decrease in TBUT (39%), basal Schirmer (37.7%), Ferning (24.7%), and goblet cells (45.5%). There is no significant correlation between dry eyes severity and TBUT, basal Schirmer, Ferning, and the amount of goblet cells with serum ferritin level, duration, and frequency of blood transfusion. There is a significant correlation between dry eyes severity and patient s age (p = 0.014); TBUT (p = 0.012), as well as, Schirmer (p = 0.014) with sex. This study showed that 14.3% of patients with major thalassemia suffer from dry eyes with severity level grade 2 according to DEWS 2007. The incidence of dry eyes is not influenced by transfusion and serum ferritin level but is influenced by age and sex."