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"This final assignment is observing about government system and institutions relationship in Indonesia, since Soeharto?s era until Reformation era. Its research is focused on presidentialism practice in Indonesia, study case of SBY-JK government (October 2004 ? March 2008). This objective study is based on the theories of presidentialism, democracy, political party, and presidential leadership especially in the third world with qualitative literature approach.Executive and legislative institution in Indonesia, had a dynamic relationship since Soeharto?s era. That situation made a problem in presidentialism practice. Within Soeharto?s power, new order era succeed to make executive heavy on the system. It means, Soeharto controlled the government system and became a centralistic of authority. On the other hand, legislative was powerless. This executive heavy caused dissatisfaction on the accountability, transparency, and mandate for the people. President is voted by legislative but in practical, executive was so powerful. Many people had realized then, if there were a disappointment on the government and political practice for 32 years of Soeharto?s era. After that, General economic distress was happened on 1997 in Indonesia within global monetary crisis. In addition, the government was controlled by corruption, collusion, and nepotism politician. As a result, people pushed the reform in 1998.Reformation 1998, has made a renewal in institutional relationship between executive, legislative, and judicative, especially President - House of Representative. With amendment UUD 1945, liberalization of political parties was occurred, House of Representative?s authority has been empowered, and all of the problems were started to be fixed. In the next four generation of President (B.J. Habibie, Gus Dur, Megawati, SBY), Indonesia had implemented those reform, but still adjusted. Until the election in 2004 and almost 10 years, reformation still has had a problem in presidentialism practice.The election in 2004 (within separated election and multiparty) was the new era for President who would be more powerful because of the direct election, but on the contrary, the combination between presidentialism and multiparty was a complicated combination. President faced with coalition party, minority president, and cohabitation in executive leadership. The fact, SBY-JK controls the government with weak management/policy and leadership of SBY-JK inside. So that, many problems which are faced by the government cannot be solved effectively/efficiently, at least during this research is being done."

"Desentralisasi di Indonesia, yang tumbuh seiring gelombang demokratisasi, telah mengubah langgam hubungan pemimpin dan rakyat yang dipimpinnya, karena kini rakyat berwewenang penuh untuk memilih kepala daerahnya sendiri. Namun bersamaan dengan kehadiran wewenang tersebut, timbul permasalahan ketidakseimbangan informasi, yang diakibatkan oleh ketidak-tahuan masyarakat tentang kompetensi dan preferensi kebijakan pemimpin mereka. Hal ini menegaskan pentingnya seorang pemimpin daerah untuk menciptakan hubungan interaktif dengan masyarakatnya dan membangun kepercayaan mereka. Untuk memahami hubungan tersebut, Peneliti melakukan pengamatan berperanserta terhadap Walikota Surakarta (Solo) Joko Widodo ("Jokowi") menggunakan bingkai teori dramaturgi Erving Goffman, yang memanfaatkan metafor teater untuk menganalisis perilaku manusia (Mulyana, 2010:106). Pemahaman tersebut lalu ditelaah menggunakan Teori Keagenan yang mempelajari tentang hubungan prinsipal-agen dan masalah-masalah di dalamnya (Eisenhardt, 1989:58). Peneliti mendapati bahwa melalui sikap yang tidak selamanya konsisten dengan pemahaman dramaturgi, Jokowi melaksanakan berbagai strategi komunikasi politik untuk memitigasi ketidak-seimbangan informasi di Kota Solo.

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Decentralisation in Indonesia has changed the nature of relationship between the country?s local leaders and their respective people, as the latter has now the sole discretion to elect their own leaders. This role naturally raises the information asymmetry, due to people?s unawareness of the chosen leader's competence and policy preference. Such asymmetry underscores the importance for local leaders to develop an interactional relationship with its people to induce their faith on her/him.

For the purpose of this thesis, city mayor Joko Widodo (?Jokowi?) of Surakarta (Solo) was observed using the framework of Erving Goffman?s Theory of Dramaturgy, which employs the metaphor of theatre to analyse human's behavior (Mulyana, 2010:106). The outcomes were then examined in the context of Agency Theory that studies principal-agency relationship and its underlying problems (Eisenhardt, 1989:58).

Through this analysis, the thesis elicits Jokowi's political communications strategy that is not consistently aligned with the dramatugical assumptions, and ways such strategy mitigate information asymmetry as the chief issue of the Agency Theory."

"ABSTRAKMelalui perspektif moral dan hakikat manusia, maupun dari kegiatan bisnis konsultasi politik itu sendiri, kita semua kiranya dapat bersepakat bahwa konsultan politik tidak hanya bertanggung jawab dan berkewajiban kepada klien. Sebagai sebuah perusahaan, konsultan politik juga bertanggung jawab kepada publik dan masyarakat, terlebih atas kredibilitas dan integritas kandidat yang mereka dukung. Kerja konsultan politik atas penggunaan perangkat Political Marketing dengan layak dan optimal tak semata-mata hanya berfokus pada kerjasama dengan klien, lebih dari itu konsultan harus mencari dan mendapatkan kandidat yang kompeten dan berintegritas untuk dijadikan klien. Namun mendapatkan klien yang kompeten dan memiliki integritas tidaklah mudah. Pada umumnya kandidat yang berlimpah dengan dana kampanye dan pemenangan adalah mereka yang tak memiliki integritas dan kerap bermasalah dalam hal kompetensi. Sebaliknya mereka para kandidat yang sejatinya layak untuk dijadikan partner kerja oleh konsultan politik kerap kali terbatas dan terhambat oleh dana. Prinsip pemilihan klien yang kompeten dan berintegritas ini merupakan seleksi awal bagi konsultan politik dalam fungsi dan kerjanya secara umum. Maka pasar industri politik yang ramai tersebut, serta merta akan berkurang dan menyusut sebagai konsekwensi atas prinsip atau pola seleksi yang dilakukan oleh konsultan politik. Untuk memahami dan menggali kait mengait konsultan politik dan dinamika kerja konsultasi pemenangan seorang kandidat, Penulis melakukan studi yang berfokus pada:1. Aktivitas konsultasi PolMark Indonesia pada pemenangan Pemilukada Kota Medan 2010 dan Pemilukada Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah 2010, dimana fenomena dan situasi yang terjadi pada kedua kerja konsultasi tersebut berlatar masifnya black campaign dengan terpaan keruhnya isu sara sebab latar kandidat non-muslim.2. Penggunaan kajian teori utama pemahaman konsep political marketing (Lees, Jenifer; Marshment., 2009. ?Political marketing: principles and applications?. New York: Routledge). Sementara itu, penggunaan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus dalam penelitian ini diterapkan untuk memberikan penekanan pada spesifikasi dari unit atau kasus yang diteliti. Studi Kasus dilakukan untuk melakukan penelitian yang terperinci tentang sesuatu unit sosial selama kurun waktu tertentu. (Denzin, Norman K., Yvonna S. Lincoln; 2000. ?Handbook of Qualitative Research?. California: Sage Publication.)

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ABSTRACTFrom the perspective of either morality and the human?s nature or from the business of political consulting, it is agreed that a political consultant?s responsibility and obligations goes not only to his or her client. As a corporate entity, political consultants uphold public and societal responsibility, particularly when endorsing candidates with certain credibility and integrity. Thus the works of such consultant using political marketing tools appropriately and optimally goes beyond client cooperation. But clients with such criteria are not easy to get, as generally clients with big campaign funds do not necessarily come with strong integrity and competency. On the other hand, those with moral qualifications do not have adequate funding. In this context, clients? selection process represents the initial step that a political consultant should take. This in turn would result into the reduction of size of the otherwise crowded political industry. To comprehend the political consultant?s works and the dynamic in the assistance process of a political candidate, this thesis studies about and focuses on:1. PolMark Indonesia?s consultation activities during elections in the City of Medan and the Province of Central Kalimantan in 2010, which involved a high level of black campaign and hate speech that touched the fundamentally-sensitive religious issues.2. The implementation of political marketing concepts (Lees, Jenifer; Marshment., 2009. ?Political marketing: principles and applications?. New York: Routledge). Meanwhile, the use of qualitative research methodology and case-study approach are chosen to focus on specific unit or case in the selected study. Case-study approach is deployed to conduct a specific research on social unit in a particular time (Denzin, Norman K., Yvonna S. Lincoln; 2000. ?Handbook of Qualitative Research?. California: Sage Publication.)"