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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Sepsis neonatorum diagnosisnya sulit ditegakkan karena gejala klinis dan laboratorium yang tidak spesifik. Pengobatan utama sepsis neonatorum adalah antibotik untuk menurunkan mortalitas, namun penggunaan antibiotik sering berlebihan, sehingga menyebabkan resistensi bahkan meningkatkan mortalitas. Objektif: Mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan dokter penanggung jawab pasien DPJP terhadap pedoman antibiotika pada tata laksana sepsis neonatorum, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan DPJP untuk memulai pemberian antibiotik, proses evaluasi pemberian dan penghentian antibiotik, kepatuhan pemilihan antibiotik empirik serta mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko apa saja yang dipakai dalam menegakkan diagnosis sepsis neonatorum awitan dini (SNAD) maupun sepsis neonatorum awitan lambat (SNAL). Metode: Studi dengan uji potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner wawancara pada subyek, data sekunder rekam medik serta melakukan Indepth Interview pada DPJP. Sampel penelitian adalah semua bayi baru lahir baik di RSCM maupun dari luar, diputuskan mendapat terapi antibiotik empirik lalu diberi stempel antibiotik periode bulan Desember 2017-Februari 2018 di divisi Neonatologi RSCM. Sebanyak 113 subyek dengan 167 kejadian dilakukan analisis. Hasil: Terdapat keragaman pemeriksaan septic screening awal yaitu 1-6 jam setelah lahir dan pemeriksaan ulangan rerata 56,45 37,40 jam pada SNAD dan pada SNAL 72,00 50,91 jam, antibiotik yang dilanjutkan sesuai antara klinis dan laboratorium pada SNAD 43 52,43 dari 82 subyek, dan SNAL 7 50 dari 14 subyek, namun 100 patuh pada regimen antibiotik empirik ampisilin dan gentamisin untuk tatalaksana SNAD ringan pada 86 51,49 kasus, rerata hari konsul ke divisi Infeksi adalah 9,53 5,39 pada SNAD dan 9,63 3,89 pada SNAL. Dan tidak didapatkannya hubungan antara faktor risiko dengan kesesuaian laboratorium dan klinis sepsis p=0.869. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan pertimbangan para DPJP dalam mendiagnosis sepsis, sehingga menyebabkan ketidak patuhan terhadap pedoman antibiotik yang ada.

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Background: Establishing diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is difficult due to non-specific clinical symptoms and laboratorial results. The key management for neonatal sepsis is antibiotic administration, decreasing mortality rate. However, over administration of antibiotic may lead to resistance and even increasing the mortality rate. Objectives: To evaluate the adherence of attending physicians to the neonatal sepsis guideline; To know factors that influence the attending physicians 39; decision in administrating the antibiotics; And to know risk factors that are considered by attending physicians to diagnose both early-onset neonatal sepsis EOS and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). Methods: Cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaire taken from the subjects, secondary data in form of medical records, and in-depth interview on the attending physicians. Data collection was done in December 2017-February 2018, in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Neonatologi Division. Total subjects of the research was 113, with 167 cases recorded, were then analyzed. Results: Various results were found regarding the early screening 1-6 hours after birth and follow-up screening for EOS 56,45 37,40 hours and LOS 72,00 50,91 hours. Appropriate administration of antibiotic, based on clinical and laboratorial data, are found in 43 52,43 from 82 case of EOS and 7 50 from 14 cases of LOS. All of attending physicians followed the guidelines regarding empirical antibiotic regiments for mild EOS, which is Ampicillin and Gentamicin on 86 cases 51.49. Average management time before attending physicians started to ask for consultation for EOS and LOS are 9,53 5,39 days and 9,63 3,89 days respectively. No relation were found between risk factors with laboratorial results and clinical sepsis p=0.869. Conclusion: Low level of adherence toward the antibiotic guideline is due to different considerations of attending physicians in diagnosing neonatal sepsis.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang. Sepsis merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian anak di seluruh dunia. Penilaian SEPSIS-3 merekomendasikan sistem skoring SOFA sebagai alat untuk mendeteksi sepsis dan memrediksi kematian. Hingga saat ini masih digunakan PELOD-2 dalam mendeteksi sepsis dan memrediksi kematian walaupun sudah dikeluarkan adaptasi SOFA pada populasi anak berupa pSOFA. Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi sepsis anak di RSCM dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kematian akibat sepsis berdasarkan skoring PELOD-2 dan pSOFA. Mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, positive predictive value, dan negative predictive value PELOD-2 dan pSOFA. Mengetahui batas nilai (cut-off) perubahan pSOFA dalam 7 hari perawatan sebagai prediktor mortalitas hari ke-28. Mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, positive predictive value, dan negative predictive value batas nilai (cut-off) perubahan pSOFA dalam 7 hari perawatan sebagai prediktor mortalitas ke-28 pada anak sepsis di PICU. Metode. Penelitian uji prognostik dengan desain kohort prospektif pada pasien anak yang dirawat di PICU RSCM Jakarta dengan diagnosis sepsis. Hasil. Prevalensi sepsis sebesar 20,4%. Dari 45 subyek penelitian, rerata usia adalah 73,24 bulan (SD 66,9). Status gizi yang paling banyak adalah status gizi buruk (35,6%) dan gizi kurang (28,9%). Sumber infeksi yang paling banyak adalah infeksi saluran pernapasan. Diagnosis saat masuk yang paling banyak adalah syok sepsis, pneumonia, COVID-19, dan gastroenteritis. Jumlah pasien yang meninggal adalah 15 subyek (33,3%). Kriteria skoring yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05) dalam memprediksi kematian adalah status gizi buruk, SpO2:FiO2, trombosit, blirubin dan penggunaan ventilasi invasif. Sensitivitas pSOFA lebih baik dibandingkan dengan PELOD-2 (93,75% vs. 25%), sedangkan spesifisitas PELOD-2 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pSOFA (96,6% vs. 10,34%). Nilai batas (cut-off) perubahan pSOFA dalam 7 hari perawatan sebagai prediktor mortalitas hari ke-28 adalah 47,7%. Nilai cut-off 47,7% mempunyai sensitivitas 61,9%, spesifisitas 77,7%, nilai prediksi positif 81,2%, dan nilai prediksi negatif 46,6% dengan nilai RR 5,6875. Kesimpulan. Faktor yang berperan terhadap kematian akibat sepsis adalah PaO2:FiO2, SpO2:FiO2, kadar trombosit, kadar bilirubin, GCS, PaCO2, dan ventilasi invasive. Untuk mendiagnosis sepsis, PELOD-2 lebih baik dibandingkan pSOFA, sedangkan untuk menyaring (uji tapis) sepsis, pSOFA dinilai lebih unggul dan dapat melihat progresifitas penyakit. Nilai batas (cut off) perubahan pSOFA dalam 7 hari perawatan sebagai prediktor mortalitas hari ke-28 adalah 47,7% Nilai cut-off 47,7% mempunyai sensitivitas 61,9%, spesifisitas 77,7%, nilai prediksi positif 81,2%, dan nilai prediksi negatif 46,6% dengan nilai OR 5,6875. Background. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality worldwide. The SEPSIS-3 assessment recommends the SOFA scoring system as a tool for detecting sepsis and predicting mortality. Until now, PELOD-2 is still being used to detect sepsis and predict mortality even though pSOFA has been promoted as the pediatric adaptation of SOFA scoring.  Objectives. To determine the prevalence of sepsis in children at RSCM and the factors that influence mortality from sepsis based on PELOD-2 and pSOFA scoring. Determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PELOD-2 and pSOFA. Determine the cut-off value for pSOFA changes in 7 days as a predictor of mortality on day 28; and to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of this cut-off value as predictors of mortality in the 28th day of hospital stay in septic children in the PICU. Methods. A prognostic study with a prospective cohort design in pediatric patients admitted to the PICU of RSCM Jakarta with a diagnosis of sepsis. Results. Sepsis prevalence was 20,4%. Of the 45 study subjects, the mean age was 73.24 months (SD 66.9). The most common nutritional status was severe malnutrition (35.6%) and undernutrition (28.9%). The most common source of infection was respiratory tract infection. The most common diagnoses at admission were septic shock, pneumonia, COVID-19, and gastroenteritis. Mortality rate was 33.3%. The scoring criteria that were statistically significant (p<0.05) in predicting mortality were severe and undernutrition, SpO2:FiO2, platelet level, bilirubin level, and the use of invasive ventilation. Sensitivity of pSOFA was better than that of PELOD-2 (93.75% vs. 25%), while specificity of PELOD-2 was better than that of pSOFA (96.6% vs. 10.34%). The cut-off value for pSOFA changes in 7 days of treatment as a predictor of mortality on day 28 was 47.7%. The cut-off value of 47.7% had a sensitivity of 61.9%, a specificity of 77.7%, a positive predictive value of 81.2%. , and a negative predictive value of 46.6% with an OR value of 5.6875. Conclusions. Factors that contribute to sepsis mortality were SpO2:FiO2, platelet levels, bilirubin levels, and invasive ventilation. For diagnosing sepsis, PELOD-2 was better than pSOFA. Meanwhile, to screen for sepsis, pSOFA was considered superior and is able to see disease progression. The cut-off value for pSOFA changes in 7 days of treatment as a predictor of mortality on day 28 was 47.7%. The cut-off value of 47.7% had a sensitivity of 61.9%, a specificity of 77.7%, a positive predictive value of 81.2%. , and a negative predictive value of 46.6% with an OR value of 5.6875.