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Abstrak :
Flood is indeed a big problem in Jakarta as a metropolitan city. From the colonial era to present day, flood has not yet been resolved adequately. Fisiography cycles, space competition, and the management of flood seem to be significant factors affected the continuous problem of flood in Jakarta. Seeing from the perspective of fisiography which is related to geomorphology, geology, and hydrology, lowland of Jakarta formed from rivers' sedimentation thousand years ago. This in fact has formed areas below the sea level like swamp and lake areas. Sedimentation process was accelerated after the eruption of the Mount Salak in 1699, in which newly lowland has been increasing each year around 15-50 metres depending on flood and wind direction. Due to this sedimentation, Jakarta topography is flat where water could not flow smoothly. The emergence of Jakarta as settlement areas originated from the Sunda Kelapa Kingdom that developed in the Jakarta coastal area. This process of settlement has developed rapidly along with the VOC conquered Jakarta. Being a central of the colonial trading, population has increased dramatically that also extended the size of Jakarta. In 1830, the city extended toward southern part, well-know as Weltevreden. Menteng was built in 1918 after the development of Jakarta itself. The increasing number of population from 1948 _ 1950 was occurred when the capital of the country moved from Yogyakarta to Jakarta. After 1970s population booming has happened in Jakarta which consequently increasing number of buildings could not be avoided. The construction of housing complexes, trading centres, and industries have even conducted in the restricted areas for any buildings, including the environmental geology area of 1,2 and 3. The impact of these constructions could be clearly seen through the decreasing of absorbing water areas. Therefore, flooding areas have increased rapidly. From 1892 to 1930 flood had been around Weltevreden area, but in 1985 floods have reached the outskirts of Jakarta, including Bintaro, Ciputat, and Pasar Minggu. To solve the flood, structural approach has been applied since 1911. During colonial period flood, especially in 1919, the canal of Kali Malang and Manggarai water control were built. After the independence, 1970 _ 1985, floods have been managed by constructing Cengkareng drain, Cakung drain and so forth. Though government has spent a lot of funding, flood could not be stopped it. Flood is indeed a difficult homework for government of Jakarta.

Abstrak :
The USA has significan contribution on negotiation of West Papua dispute. President John F. Kennedy changed the USA policy in West Papua dispute from passive neutral policy into active mediation policy. By this policy the USA and UNO supported and managed negotiations between Dutch and Indonesia. As a result, the representative of the countries signed the New York Agreement in 1962. The role of the USA diplomacy on the negotiation of West Papua dispute connecting with its interest in preventing communism in Indonesia. In case, America problem is how to eliminate communist influence in Indonesia. In connecting with the problem, the dissertasion has two research questions that what is the background of active mediation policy and how is the process of mediation diplomacy in West Papua dispute. The dissertasion would like to describe and analyse the negotiations process between Dutch and Indonesia in Middleburg, the USA. The negotiations process have inportant value in Indonesia and America diplomacy history. These will give informations in West Papua history-especially it was looked from the USA perspective. The dissertasion used historical methods in understanding America diplomacy in relationship with negotiation on West Papua dispute. The dissertasion produced conclusions that the USA diplomacy in West Papua dispute has relationship with containment policy in Cold War. The USA and UNO have great contribution to West Papua negotiation and New York Agreement. Consequently, they have moral obligations to West Papua. Their Intervention into West Papua problem is something possible in the future when Indonesia can not solve social dan political problems in there. It should be anticipated by great anttention to West Papua.

Abstrak :
Studi ini menjelaskan upaya penataan sumber-sumber agraria yang lebih adil, atau dikenal dengan istilah reforma agraria, di wilayah perkebunan Jember, Jawa Timur tahun 1942-74. Perkebunan adalah produk dari sistem kolonialisme yang tidak saja bentuk struktur agrarianya tidak adil tapi juga cenderung eksploitatif. Inilah yang menjadi alasan dilakukan proses perubahan struktur agraria di wilayah perkebunan dari corak kolonial ke nasional. Partisipasi masyarakat perkebunan sangat penting untuk dijadikan patokan dalam penataan tersebut. Sepanjang periode disertasi ini, masyarakat perkebunan bukanlah sebagai suatu objek yang statis dan mekanis. Studi ini memanfaatkan sumber lisan, tulisan serta foto untuk melihat struktur agraria di wilayah perkebunan. Perubahan struktur agraria, dinamika sosial, politik, dan ekonomi serta sejarah perkebunan Jember dari perspektif masyarakat perkebunan menjadi fokus studi ini.

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known as agrarian reform in Jember plantation area, East Java, 1942-1974. Plantation was a product of colonialism system which did not only engender unfair agrarian structures, but also tended to be exploitative. This condition became a reason for conducting process of changing of agrarian structure in plantation area, from colonial to national pattern. During the period of this dissertation, plantation societies were not a static and mechanistic object. This study uses oral, written, and photographs sources for viewing agrarian structure in plantation area. The changes of agrarian structure, the dynamics of social, politic, and economic, and the history of Jember plantation from the perspectives of plantation societies become the focus of this study.

Abstrak :
Disertasi ini membahas konstruksi identitas agama Buddha wong Jawa Banyumasan di eks-Keresidenan Banyumas antara tahun 1965-1998. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah sosial dengan analisisnya menggunakan pendekatan strukturistik dari Christopher Lloyd dan teori konstruksi realitas sosial Berger dan Luckmann. Perubahan identitas pengikut aliran kepercayaan menjadi umat Buddha, terjadi setelah Penetapan Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan dan/atau Penodaan Agama dan setelah peristiwa Gerakan 30 September 1965. Latar belakang, penerapan, dan penanganan dua peristiwa tersebut berkaitan dengan dinamika aliran kepercayaan yang terstigma komunis, “bukan agama”, “belum beragama”, dan yang praktik keagamaannya dianggap menyimpang. Namun, peristiwa Gerakan 30 September 1965 menjadi alasan terjadinya perubahan identitas tersebut. Atas alasan identitas budaya leluhur, sebagian wong Jawa Banyumasan mengubah identitas dari pengikut aliran kepercayaan menjadi umat Buddha sebagai hasil interaksi struktur kewajiban beragama dengan agen dan mentalit�, yang berpengaruh pada perubahan sosiokultural wong Jawa Banyumasan menjadi wong Jawa Buddha Banyumasan. Perubahan sosiokultural yang mencakup sistem religi, pendidikan, dan perkawinan tersebut merupakan hasil interaksi dan pembauran antara budaya agama Buddha dengan budaya Jawa. ......This dissertation discusses the construction of Banyumasan Javanese Buddhist identity in the ex-Keresidenan Banyumas between 1965-1998. This social history research uses a structurist approach from Christopher Lloyd and social reality construction theory from Berger and Luckmann as tools for analysis.The change in the identity of followers of religious beliefs to become Buddhists occurred after Presidential Decree No. 1 of 1965 concerning the Prevention of Misuse and/or Blasphemy of Religion and after the 30 September 1965 Movement. The two incidents' background, application, and handling related to the dynamics of beliefs stigmatized as communist, "non-religious," "not yet religious," and whose religious practices are considered deviant. However, the events of the 30 September 1965 Movement became the reason for this change in identity. For reasons of ancestral cultural identity, some Banyumasan Javanese changed their identity from adherents of religious beliefs to Buddhists due to the interaction of the structure of religious obligations with agents and mentality, which affected the sociocultural changes of Banyumasan Javanese to Banyumasan Buddhist Javanese. The socio-cultural changes, which include the system of religion, education, and marriage, result from interaction and assimilation between Buddhist and Javanese cultures.