Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 28 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
cover
Dede Lia Marlia
Defisiensi Zinc sebagai salah satu faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut = Zinc deficiency as one of risk factors for prolonged episodes of acute diarrhea in children
"Latar belakang. Diare masih merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi pada anak, dan efeknya akan meningkat pada diare melanjut. Eksresi yang meningkat dan malnutrisi menimbulkan defisiensi makro dan mikronutrien, zinc salah satunya. Defisiensi zinc merupakan masalah global terutama di negara berkembang.
Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah defisiensi zinc sebagai faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut.
Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji potong lintang dan kohort yang dilakukan di RSCM, dan tiga rumah sakit umum daerah pada anak usia > 1 bulan - 60 bulan. Kriteria inklusi meliputi pasien dengan diare akut kurang 7 hari. Kriteria eksklusi meliputi gizi buruk, diare berdarah dan subjek dengan penyakit penyerta dan keganasan. Pengumpulan sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan kadar zinc serum.
Hasil. Sembilan puluh sembilan subjek dilakukan analisis. Usia terbanyak adalah 12-36 bulan, dengan lelaki berbanding perempuan 1,3:1. Lebih dari 90% pendidikan ibu adalah rendah dan pendapatan orangtua 90,0% rendah. Prevalens defisiensi zinc adalah 20,2%. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara defisiensi zinc dengan usia, status nutrisi, riwayat diare berulang, pendidikan ibu dan pendapatan orangtua. Insidens diare melanjut sebesar 25,3%. Defisiensi zinc bukan merupakan faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut RR 1,82 (IK 95% 0,633-5,260) dengan p 0,261. Riwayat diare berulang merupakan faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut RR 3,4 kali (IK95% 1,3-9,5 dengan p 0,013).
Simpulan. Defisiensi zinc bukan merupakan faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut. Riwayat diare berulang berisiko untuk terjadinya diare akut menjadi diare melanjut.
Background. Acute diarrhea is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality in children, and its morbidity and mortality is increasing in prolonged diarrhea. Prolonged diarrhea might continue to persistent diarrhea and malnutrition due to macro- and micronutrient deficiency, such as zinc. Recently, zinc deficiency has become a global health problem in developing countries, such like Indonesia.
Objectives. This study aimed to identify whether zinc deficiency is one of risk factors of prolonged diarrhea and to evaluate the level of zinc in prolonged diarrhea compare to acute diarrhea.
Method. This study is a cross-sectional and cohort studies, underwent at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and three other general hospitals in West Java. The study was performed in children aged > 1 month – 60 months old. The inclusion criteria were acute diarrhea less than 7 days. The exclusion criteria were severe malnutrition, bloody diarrhea and subjects having concomitant diseases. Blood samples were withdrawn for serum zinc measurement.
Results. There were ninety-nine subjects participated in this study. The majority subjects aged 12-36 months old, with boy:girl ratio = 1.3:1. More than 90% subjects had low educated mothers and came from low income families (90.0%). The prevalence of zinc deficiency in this study was 20.2%. There were no correlation between zinc deficiency and age, nutritional status, recurrent diarrhea, mother's education level, and family income. The incidence of prolonged diarrhea was 25.3%. Zinc deficiency was not a risk factor for prolonged diarrhea [RR 1.82 (95%CI 0.633-5.260), p=0.261]. The history of recurrent diarrhea was a risk factor for prolonged diarrhea [RR 3,4 (95%CI 1.3-9.5, p=0.013)].
Conclusion. In this study, zinc deficiency was not the risk factor for prolonged diarrhea. History of recurrent diarrhea was the risk factor for prolonged diarrhea."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Dhiya Farah Khalisha
Gejala klinis penyakit refluks gastroesofageal pada anak yang dilakukan endoskopi saluran cerna atas di Departemen IKA RSCM FKU tahun 2011-2015 = The clinical manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children at child health department of cipto mangunkusumo hospital faculty of medicine of Universitas Indonesia RSCM FKUI during 2011-2015
"Latar belakang: Prevalensi PRGE makin meningkat di Indonesia. Diagnosisnya sendiri masih sulit karena biasa dilakukan hanya berdasarkan gejala klinis yang sifatnya terlalu umum. Selain itu data mengenai gejala klinis PRGE anak di Indonesia masih minim, padahal akibat dari PRGE pada anak cukup mengganggu proses tumbuh kembangnya.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gejala klinis apa saja yang sering dan memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan usia dan status gizi pada anak dengan PRGE yang dilakukan endoskopi saluran cerna atas di Departemen IKA RSCM-FKUI.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) untuk membandingkan prevalensi gejala klinis PRGE pada anak dan kaitannya dengan usia dan status gizi. Penelitian ini menganalisa 76 anak dengan diagnosis klinis PRGE yang dilakukan esofagogastroduodenoskopi, berusia 2-18 tahun, dan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dianalisa dari rekam medis tahun 2011-2015.
Hasil: Anak dengan PRGE paling banyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki (53.9%), berusia sekolah (69.8%), dan berstatus gizi buruk/kurang (40.8%). Secara umum gejala klinis yang paling sering muncul pada anak dengan PRGE adalah muntah (76.3%), nyeri perut (72.4%), mual (63.2%), dan nyeri dada atau heartburn (51.3%). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kelompok usia dan gejala klinis berupa nyeri dada atau heartburn (p=0.04) yang lebih sering pada usia sekolah. Kelompok balita secara bermakna mengalami menolak makan (p=<0.0001), nafsu makan berkurang (p=0.002), dan gejala pernapasan (p=0.001). Gejala klinis PRGE berupa nyeri dada atau heartburn (p=0.011) secara bermakna lebih sering terjadi pada gizi lebih/obesitas; dan berat badan menurun lebih sering terjadi pada gizi kurang/buruk (p=0.044).
Kesimpulan: Anak dengan PRGE lebih sering terjadi pada usia sekolah dan memiliki gizi buruk/kurang. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gejala klinis PRGE pada anak dengan kelompok usia maupun status nutrisi.
Background: The prevalence of GERD tends to increase in Indonesia. Establishing the diagnosis itself is sometimes not easy since it is usually based only on clinical manifestations which are not specified to GERD only. Information about clinical manifestations of GERD in Indonesia children is still limited.
Objectives: To evaluate which clinical manifestations are frequent and have significant relation with age and nutritional status in Indonesian children with GERD who underwent upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure in the Child Health Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital - Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Indonesia (RSCM-FKUI).
Methods: Cross-sectional design was used to compare the prevalence of clinical manifestations in children and their relationship with age and nutritional status. This study analyzed 76 children with GERD who underwent esophagogastroduodenos-copy procedure, aged from 2-to-18-years old, and fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data analysed from medical record during the year of 2011-2015.
Results: Children with GERD were mostly male (53%), at school aged (69.8%), and had mild/moderate/severe undernutrition (40.8%). This study revealed that the most frequent clinical manifestations in children with GERD are vomiting (76.3%), stomachache (72.4%), nausea (63.2%), and chestpain or heartburn (51.3%). There was significant different between age groups and clinical manifestations of GERD symptoms such as chestpain or heartburn (p=0.04) which was more frequent in school-aged group. The under-five aged group was significantly had more feeding refusal (p=<0.0001), decreased appetite (p=0.002), and respiratory symptoms (p=0.001) compare to that of school-aged group. The GERD symptoms of chestpain or heartburn was statistically significant more frequent (p=0.011) in over-nutrition/obesity group; whereas losing weight was significantly more frequent (p=0.044) in mild/moderate/severe undernourished group.
Conclusion: Children with GERD are mostly in school-age group and had mild/moderate/severe undernutrition. There was statistically significant different of GERD symptoms between age groups and nutritional status groups."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Yuli Andari Muliati
Gambaran patologi anatomi penyakit refluks gastroesofageal pada anak yang dilakukan endoskopi saluran cerna atas di Departemen IKA RSCM FKUI tahun 2011-2015 = Anatomical pathology findings of gastroesophageal reflux disease in chidren underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Department of Child Health of RSCM FKUI during 2011-2015
"Latar belakang: Prevalensi penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (PRGE) cenderung mengalami peningkatan di Indonesia. Kondisi PRGE dapat menimbulkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak. Namun, untuk menentukan diagnosis PRGE masih sulit dilakukan karena gejala yang ditimbulkan tidak spesifik, alat diagnostik yang hanya tersedia di rumah sakit besar dan data epidemiologi di Indonesia masih kurang.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran patologi anatomi anak dengan PRGE yang dilakukan pemeriksaan endoskopi saluran cerna atas di Departemen IKA RSCM-FKUI, serta hubungannya dengan kelompok usia dan status gizi.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan subjek 76 pasien anak usia 2-18 tahun dengan PRGE yang dilakukan pemeriksaan esofagogastroduodenoskopi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengambilan data status rekam medis pasien di Departemen IKA RSCM-FKUI pada Januari 2011 hingga Oktober 2015.
Hasil: Pada 76 pasien anak dengan PRGE yang dilakukan endoskopi didapatkan hasil anak lelaki dibandingkan perempuan adalah 4,1:3,5 dengan mayoritas kelompok usia sekolah (70%) dan status gizi malnutrisi (60%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil endoskopi berdasarkan kelompok usia yaitu ditemukannya infeksi H.Pylori pada 24% anak usia sekolah (p=0,013). Hasil endoskopi terkait status gizi secara bermakna (p=0,049) menunjukkan bahwa hiperemis pada lambung lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien dengan status gizi malnutrisi (45/72 anak) dibandingkan dengan gizi baik (24/72 anak). Kelainan patologi anatomi anak dengan PRGE tidak berbeda antara kelompok usia maupun status gizi.
Kesimpulan: Anak yang mengalami PRGE lebih banyak terjadi pada usia sekolah dengan status gizi malnutrisi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil endoskopi anak dengan PRGE berdasarkan kelompok usia dan status gizi. Kelainan patologi anak dengan PRGE tidak berbeda menurut kelompok usia maupun status gizi.
Background: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has increased recently in Indonesia. The condition of GERD can impaired growth and development in children. However, to determine diagnosis of GERD is difficult because the symptoms are non-spesific, diagnostic tools are only available in large hospitals, and epidemiological data Indonesia still less.
Aim: To evaluate the anatomical pathology of GERD in children and the correlation according to age group and nutritional status.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comparing GERD anatomic pathology findings and its relation to age group and nutritional status. The data were evaluated from 76 subjects aged 2-to-18-years old who underwent esophagogastroduodenos-copy (EGD) that fullfiled inclusion criteria. The data based on the medical record of endoscopic procedure at Child Health Department of Cipto Mangun-kusumo Hospital – Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Indonesia (RSCM-FKUI) from January 2011 to October 2015.
Results: Among 76 children with GERD whom underwent EGD, the boy compare to girl was 4.1:3.5 and most of them (70%) were school-aged chidren with malnutrition (60%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 24% and it was significantly higher in school-aged group than under-five group (p=0,013). The macroscopic appearance of endoscopy in relation to nutritional status was significantly (p=0.049) more hyperemic stomach wall in malnutrition group (45/72 children) compare to that of good nutritional status group (24/72 children). The abnormality of upper gastrointestinal pathology was not statistically different (p>0.05) in both aged groups and nutritional status groups.
Conclusion: Children suffered from GERD were more often at school age and had malnutrition condition. There were significant different of endoscopic findings of children with GERD in regards to age groups and nutritional status groups. The abnormality of pathologic findings of GERD in children were not significantly different between age-groups and nutritional status groups."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Lubis, Fatmah Azzuhra
The effect of HbA1C on cognition in children with diabetes mellitus type 1 = Efek HbA1C terhadap kecerdasan anak dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 1
"Diabetes Mellitus tipe 1 di anak merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolik endokrin tersering di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Beberapa tahun belakangan ini, angka insidensi anak yang mengalami diabetes mellitus tipe 1 terus bertambah. Dengan fasilitas dan pengobatan yang kurang memadai di Indonesia, hal ini dapat memperburuk efek kadar gula darah yang tinggi dan menimbulkan beberapa komplikasi termasuk penurunan kecerdasan. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah anak dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 1 yang tidak terkontrol diindikasikan dengan tingkat HbA1c memiliki hubungan dengan penurunan kecerdasan.
Dengan menggunakan metode cross sectional, data dalam riset ini diambil dari questionnaire dan juga medical record pasien yang mengikut sertakan anak diabetes mellitus tipe 1 berumur 5-18 tahun di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Brawijaya Clinic pada periode Juni-Juli 2016. Sebelum melakukan pengukuran kecerdasan mengunakan metode CCIDD, semua subjek harus melakukan pemeriksaan tingkat HbA1c maximal 3 bulan sebelumnya. Seluruh data subjek akan di deskripsikan ke dalam tabel. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui hubungan anatara HbA1c dan tingkat kecerdasan anak, peneliti menggunakan simple correlation test dan juga uni-variable non parametric for independent samples of Mann-Whitney. Kemudian dari pada itu linear regression, juga digunakan untuk mementukan risk factor yang berhubungan dengan fungsi kecerdasaan anak diabetes mellitus tipe 1.
Terdapat 50 subjek yang berhasil di analisa pada penilitian ini. Sebagain besar anak DM berumur >12-18 tahun dengan ratio perempuan lebih besar. Nilai tengah dari umur saat terdiagnosa 8.4(1.1-14.3) tahun dan menderita diabetes selama 2.8(0.1-13.9) tahun. Rerata HbA1c 9.3(1.94)% dengan sebagian besar pernah mengalami 1 kali DKA. Untuk hubungan antara tingkat HbA1c dan tingkat kecerdasan, ditemukan korelasi lemah (r = -.182) dengan p-value >0.05 yang dapat diartikan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan anatara dua variable tersebut. Namun didalam variable risk factors, ditemukan hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi anak DM-1 dengan fungsi kecerdasannya (p<0.05).
Tingkat HbA1c yang tinggi tidak memiliki hubungan dengan penurunan kecerdasan pada anak dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 1. Namun, tingkat status sosial ekonomi anak DM-1 dapat menjadi faktor resiko terhadap fungsi kecerdasan anak tersebut. Penilitian lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah anak dengan kasus yang lebih berat dikarenakan tingginya kadar gula darah yang tidak terkontrol memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat kecerdasan anak dengan diabetes melitus tipe 1.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is one of the most prevalent metabolic endocrine disease including in Indonesia. It is known that the number of incidences is increasing for a past couple of years. With inadequate management and facilities in Indonesia, it makes high blood glucose in children with T1D can lead to serious complication such as cognitive dysfunction. This research aim is to know whether the uncontrolled T1D in which indicated by HbA1c is associated with decreased cognitive function.
This research is a cross-sectional study where the data is gathered by questionnaire alongside with medical record which involves type 1 diabetic children aged 5-18 years old from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Brawijaya Clinic in June-July 2016 period. Prior to the cognitive test using CCIDD method, all the subject must have a record of HbA1c measurement 3 months before. Following that, all subject characteristics are described in baseline data. In addition, a simple correlation test and non-parametric for uni-variable independent samples of Mann-Whitney were used to compare the HbA1c and cognitive function. Moreover, linear regression was also used to know the risk factor for cognitive function in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
There were 50 subjects which were analyzed in this research. The majority is children whose age from >12-18 with a larger ratio of female subjects. The median value for the age of onset 8.4(1.1-14.3) years and duration of disease of 2.8(0.1-13.9) years. The mean HbA1c was 9.3(1.94)% with the majority of subject experienced one episode of DKA. Furthermore, HbA1c and cognitive function showed a very weak negative correlation (r=.182) with p-value >0.05 indicates that there is no significant association between these two variables. However, within the risk factor variable, it showed that socioeconomic of the subject was associated with cognitive function (p<0.05).
High level of HbA1c was not associated with a declined performance of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, socioeconomic status of the T1D children was the risk factors to their cognitive performance. Further investigation of this cross-sectional study can be done to analyze the further association between an uncontrolled glycemic state of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and cognitive function."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia , 2017
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Angga Wirahmadi
Prediktor morbiditas berat pada anak dengan penyakit jantung rematik = Predictors of severe morbidity in children with rheumatic heart disease
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Anak dengan penyakit jantung rematik memiliki risiko untuk
terjadinya morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Hal tersebut merupakan masalah
besar dan menimbulkan beban ekonomi pada negara berkembang. Berbagai faktor
prediktor telah diketahui memengaruhi prognosis anak dengan penyakit jantung
rematik, namun belum ada penelitian yang spesifik menilai faktor-faktor prediktor
tersebut pada anak di Indonesia.
Tujuan: (1)Mengetahui angka morbiditas berat pada anak dengan penyakit
jantung rematik. (2)Mengetahui prediktor terjadinya morbiditas berat pada anak
dengan penyakit jantung rematik.
Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada 100 anak dengan penyakit
jantung rematik usia 4-15 tahun yang terdiagnosis pertama kali pada Juli 2010Juni
2015. Manifestasi klinis berupa kelas gagal jantung, jumlah katup jantung
yang terkena, kepatuhan menjalani profilaksis sekunder, jenis serangan demam
rematik dan pemanjangan interval PR dievaluasi untuk menilai hubungan dengan
terjadinya morbiditas berat dan luaran fatal. Faktor prediktor dianalisis secara
multivariat dengan uji Cox regression.
Hasil: Angka morbiditas berat pada anak dengan penyakit jantung rematik
sebesar 54/100 (54%). Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan faktor prediktor
terjadinya morbiditas berat berupa kelas gagal jantung NYHA II (p=0,009; HR
15,3; IK95% 2-119,3), kelas gagal jantung NYHA III-IV (p=0,004; HR 21,2;
IK95% 2,7-167), keterlibatan 3 katup jantung (p=0,005; HR 7; IK95% 1,8-27,6)
dan keterlibatan 4 katup jantung (p=0,008; HR 5,7; IK95% 1,6-20,9).
Simpulan: Angka morbiditas berat pada anak dengan penyakit jantung rematik
sebesar 54%. Faktor prediktor terjadinya morbiditas berat pada anak dengan
penyakit jantung rematik adalah kelas gagal jantung ≥ NYHA II dan jumlah kelainan katup jantung ≥ 3. ;ABSTRACT Background: Children with rheumatic heart disease are at risk of severe
morbidity and mortality. These problems become a major concern and economic
burden in developing countries. Multiple predictors may affect the prognosis of
children with rheumatic heart disease, however there is no specific study
regarding these predictors in Indonesian children.
Aim: (1)To determine the incidence of severe morbidity in children with
rheumatic heart disease (2)To determine the predictor of severe morbidity in
children with rheumatic heart disease.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 100 children who have
been diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease from July 2010 to June 2015.
Clinical symptoms in regards to the severity of NYHA, number(s) of cardiac
valve(s) involvement, compliance of prophylactic treatment, type of rheumatic
attack and prolonged P-R interval were evaluated in relation to severity of
rheumatic heart disease and fatal outcome. Predictors were analyzed using Cox
regression model.
Result: Severe morbidity rate was 54/100 (54%). In multivariate analysis,
predictors of severe morbidity were heart failure NYHA class II (p=0,009; HR
15,3; 95%CI 2-119,3), heart failure NYHA class III-IV (p=0,004; HR 21,2;
95%CI 2,7-167), involvement of 3 heart valve (p=0,005; HR 7; 95%CI 1,8-27,6)
and involvement of 4 heart valve (p=0,008; HR 5,7; 95%CI 1,6-20,9).
Conclusion: The severe morbidity rate in children with rheumatic heart disease
was 54%. Predictors of severe morbidity related to rheumatic heart disease were
functional class of heart failure ≥ NYHA II and number of valve involvement ≥ 3."
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015
SP-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Diana Rahmi
Gambaran klinis diare akut pada anak dan real-time polymerase chain reaction bakteri enteropatogen di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo = Clinical manifestations of pediatric acute diarrhea and real time polymerase chain reaction of bacterial enteropathogen in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di
negara berkembang karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang masih tinggi. Diare
dapat disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri dan parasit yang penting diketahui untuk
memberikan tatalaksana yang tepat, namun saat ini belum ada data mengenai
bakteri penyebab diare di Indonesia.
Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran klinis anak dengan diare akut dan mengetahui
jenis bakteri enteropatogen penyebab diare akut dengan menggunakan real-time
PCR di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada anak dengan diare akut berusia 1-15
tahun di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Hasil: Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 subyek dengan diare akut. Sebagian
besar berusia 1-3 tahun, status gizi baik, berasal dari ibu dengan pendidikan
sedang dengan status ekonomi keluarga menengah rendah, sebagian besar belum
mendapat antibiotik sebelum ke rumah sakit tetapi sudah mendapat cairan
rehidrasi oral. Gambaran klinis diare akut akibat infeksi bakteri yaitu frekuensi
diare ≤5X/hari (p=0,018), tanpa leukositosis feses (p=0,015) dan malabsorpsi
lemak (p=0,031). Sebaran infeksi bakteri patogen penyebab diare akut
berdasarkan real-time PCR sebagai berikut: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subyek,
Escherichia coli patogen 17 subyek yang terdiri dari EPEC 9 subyek, EIEC 5
subyek dan ETEC 3 subyek. Infeksi bakteri campuran pada subyek sebagai
berikut: EPEC+EIEC 2 subyek , C.jejuni+EPEC 1 subyek, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC
1 subyek dan C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subyek.
Simpulan: Sebagian besar diare terjadi pada usia 1-3 tahun dengan status pasien
gizi baik dengan status keluarga menengah rendah. Sekitar 48% anak dengan
diare akut didapatkan bakteri dari hasil real-time PCR feses dengan proporsi
terbanyak yaitu EPEC, diikuti Campylobacter jejuni, EIEC dan ETEC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countries
due to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria
and parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,
but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia.
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acute
diarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acute
diarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stool
specimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea and
tested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.
Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritional
status, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have not
received antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydration
fluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection is
diarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.
From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by
real-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrhea
by real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenic
Escherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjects
and ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2
subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject and
C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject.
Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional
status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children
with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCR
stool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,
EIEC and ETEC.
;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countries
due to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria
and parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,
but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia.
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acute
diarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acute
diarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stool
specimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea and
tested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.
Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritional
status, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have not
received antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydration
fluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection is
diarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.
From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by
real-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrhea
by real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenic
Escherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjects
and ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2
subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject and
C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject.
Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional
status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children
with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCR
stool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,
EIEC and ETEC.
;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countries
due to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria
and parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,
but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia.
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acute
diarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acute
diarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stool
specimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea and
tested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.
Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritional
status, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have not
received antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydration
fluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection is
diarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.
From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by
real-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrhea
by real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenic
Escherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjects
and ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2
subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject and
C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject.
Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional
status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children
with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCR
stool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,
EIEC and ETEC.
"
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
SP-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Eghar Anugrapaksi
Faktor-Faktor yang berhubungan dengan anak diare kronik non-HIV di RSCM periode Januari 2014 hingga Juli 2018 = Factors that associated with chronic diarrhea in non-HIV children in Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital from January 2014 until July 2018
"ABSTRAK
Diare kronik pada anak membutuhkan perhatian serius karena memiliki morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Diare kronik merupakan proses diare akut yang melanjut akibat berbagai faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, karakteristik pasien, gambaran klinis, dan faktor risiko diare kronik pada anak non-HIV. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang pada pasien anak dengan diagnosis diare kronik non-HIV di RSCM pada Januari 2014-Juli 2018. Data pasien diperoleh dari sumber data sekunder berupa rekam medis. Dari 120 rekam medis dengan diagnosis diare, 44 pasien anak mengalami diare kronik non-HIV. Prevalensi diare kronik non-HIV di RSCM adalah 36%. Karakteristik pasien adalah mayoritas laki-laki dengan rentang usia 1-5 tahun dengan kondisi gizi buruk serta riwayat penggunaan antibiotik. Mayoritas pasien tidak memiliki riwayat menggunakan oralit. Meskipun demikian, kebanyakan pasien tidak mengalami dehidrasi. Pasien ditemukan mayoritas memiliki penyakit penyertadan kultur tinja positif. Mikroorganisme terbanyak yang ditemukan dalam kultur adalah Klebseilla pneumoniae, E. coli non-patogen, dan Proteus mirabilis. Sedangkan, penyakit terbanyak yang menyertai kondisi diare kronik adalah infeksi, seperti sepsis, infeksi CMV, dan infeksiTB. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan temuan kultur feses positif pada pasien diare kronik non-HIV (p = 0,029; 95% CI = 0,024-0,82). Faktor lainnya ditemukan tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kultur feses positif pada pasien diare kronik non-HIV. Maka dari itu, perhatian lebih perlu difokuskan kepada populasi laki-laki karena kelompok tersebut lebih rentan terkena diare kronik dibandingkan dengan populasi perempuan. Dengan demikian, penanganan yang cepat dan tepat dapat diberikan pada populasi laki-laki untuk menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas diare kronik.
ABSTRACT
Chronic diarrhea, especially in children, demand a higher concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. Chronic diarrhea resulted from a prolonged and unsolved acute diarrhea due to many factors. This paper aim to identify prevalence, patient characteristics, clinical profiles, and risk factors of chronic diarrhea in non-HIV children. This paper uses cross sectional study design from children patients from January 2014 to July 2018with the diagnosis of chronic diarrhea in non-HIV children. This paper obtained its data from the patients medical records. From120 medical records with the diagnosis of diarrhea, 44 patients are diagnosed with chronic diarrhea without the infection of HIV. The prevalence of chronic diarrhea in non-HIV patients in RSCM is 36%. The patient characteristics is dominated by 1-5 years old boys with severe malnutrition and history of taking antibiotics medication. Most of the patients also never took oral rehydration therapy in their medication. Regardless of that, most of the patients also didnt experience any dehydration. This paper also found that chronic diarrhea mostly accompanied with another disease and positive fecal culture test. The big three of microorganism that found in the positive fecal culture is Klebseilla pneumoniae, Non-Pathogen E. Coli, and Proteus mirabilis. In the other hand, most of the accompanying disease is infectious disease, suchas CMV infection or TB infection. Multivariate analysis in this study shows that sex is the only risk factor that significantly associated with the event of positive fecal culture test. Other factors found to be insignificant. This paper findings highlight that boys have higher risk of positive fecal culture test due to infection compared to girls. Hence, it is important to give more attention to boys because they are prone to chronic diarrhea than girls. With doing so, we can prompt an early and appropriate treatment to these specific group in order to decrease the morbidity and mortality of chronic diarrhea.
"
2018
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Ginting, Jenny Br.
Faktor risiko keberhasilan obat antiepilepsi generasi 2 pada pasien epilepsi anak usia di bawah 3 tahun: Studi kasus kontrol = Risk Factor Affecting the Success of Second Generation Antiepileptic in Children under 3 Years with Epilepsy: Case Control Study
"Latar Belakang: Epilepsi di negara berkembang dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan negara maju. Sekitar 60-70% pasien bebas kejang dengan obat antiepilepsi (OAE) generasi satu, jika tidak respons dan kejang menetap maka dipertimbangkan OAE generasi dua. Keberhasilan pengobatan epilepsi dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor serta bergantung terhadap plastisitas dan maturitas otak hingga usia tiga tahun. Belum ada penelitian yang menilai faktor-faktor keberhasilan terapi OAE generasi dua.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor risiko keberhasilan keberhasilan terapi OAE generasi 2 pada pasien epilepsi anak usia di bawah tiga tahun.
Metode: Studi kasus kontrol dengan data sekunder berupa rekam medis. Sampel penelitian adalah anak epilepsi berusia di bawah tiga tahun yang mendapatkan minimal salah satu OAE generasi 2 berupa topiramat/levetiracetam/lamotrigin. Subyek terbagi kelompok kontrol (dilakukan matching usia) yang kejangnya tidak terkontrol dan kelompok kasus yang kejangnya terkontrol minimal enam bulan. Faktor risiko yang diteliti adalah tipe kejang, status perkembangan, status neurologis awal, gambaran elektroensefalografi (EEG) awal, evolusi klinis dan evolusi EEG.
Hasil: Didapatkan 60 subyek pada masing-masing kelompok; pada kelompok kasus paling banyak dijumpai 66,7% laki-laki, 31,7% rentang usia 6-12 bulan, 83,3% usia awitan kejang <12 bulan, dan 93,3% tipe kejang umum. Dari 6 faktor risiko yang diteliti, hanya evolusi EEG berperan independen dalam memengaruhi keberhasilan terapi, nilai p<0,001; aOR 9,53; IK95% 3,39-26,77.
Kesimpulan: Pasien dengan evolusi EEG baik memiliki kemungkinan sebesar 9,53 kali lipat lebih besar untuk kerjangnya terkontrol dengan OAE generasi 2, dibandingkan pasien dengan evolusi EEG buruk.
Background: Epilepsy in developing countries is twice compared developed countries. About 60-70% epilepsy patients had seizure-free with first generation antiepileptic drugs (AED), if there is no response and persistent seizures, second generation AED is considered. The success of epilepsy treatment is influenced by various factors and depends on the plasticity and maturity of the brain until the first 3 years. There are no studies that assess the success factors of second generation OAE therapy.
Purpose: To assess the risk factors that affecting the success of second generation therapy in children under 3 years old with epilepsy.
Methods: A case control study with secondary data from medical records. The study sample was children under 3 years old with epilepsy who received at least one of second generation AED (topiramate/levetiracetam/lamotrigine). Subjects were divide into 2 groups, control groups (age matching) whose seizure were not controlled and case groups whose seizure were controlled for at least six months. The risk factors studied were seizure type, developmental status, initial neurological status, initial electroencephalography (EEG), clinical evolution and EEG evolution,
Results: There were 60 subjects in each group; the most proportion in case group were 66,7% males, 31,7% of the age range of 6-12 months, 83,3% onset of seizures <12 months, and 93,3% general seizures. Of the 6 risk factors studied, only the EEG evolution significantly and independently affecting the success of therapy, with p value <0,001; aOR 9.53; 95%CI 3.39-26.77.
Conclusion: Patients with good EEG evolution were 9.53 times more likely to have controlled seizure with second generation AED, compared to patients with poor EEG evolution."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Adrieanta
Karakteristik etiologi demam neutropenia pada anak dengan keganasan di RSCM tahun 2010 2013 dan penggunaan skor rondinelli aplikasi klinis = Characteristic of etiology febrile neutropenia in cancer children in RSCM 2010 2013 and penggunaan rondinellis score clinical application
"Pasien anak dengan keganasan dapat mengalami episode demam neutropenia. Etiologi bakterimia pada demam neutropenia berbeda-beda pada tiap pusat pelayan kesehatan dan berubah secara periodik. Antibiotik empiris diberikan pada pasien demam neutropenia berdasarkan klasifikasinya. Skor Rondinelli mengklasifikasikan pasien demam neutropenia menjadi risiko rendah dan risiko tinggi. Luaran dengan menggunakan skor Rondinelli belum pernah dilaporkan.
Tujuan : Mengetahui karakteristik etiologi dan perjalanan klinis demam neutropenia pada anak dengan keganasan yang dirawat inap di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSCM.
Metode : Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif retrospektif. Sampel diambil dari data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien anak dengan keganasan yang mengalami demam neutropenia yang menjalani rawat inap di bangsal Departemen IKA FKUI/RSCM mulai bulan Januari 2010 hingga bulan September 2013.
Hasil : Penelitian dilakukan pada 86 pasien anak yang mengalami 96 episode demam neutropenia yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Prevalensi bakterimia pada episode demam neutropenia pada anak dengan keganasan adalah 17%. Proporsi kuman penyebab terbanyak bakterimia pada demam neutropenia adalah Staphylococcus sp (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25%), Klebsiella pneumonia (19%) dan Escherichia coli (13%). Penelitian ini mendapatkan luaran episode demam neutropenia pada anak dengan keganasan adalah 40% memiliki luaran sembuh, 49% memiliki luaran tidak sembuh dan 6% meninggal dunia. Berdasarkan skor Rondinelli didapatkan 30 (61%) episode demam neutropenia risiko rendah memiliki luaran sembuh dan hanya 13 (28%) episode demam neutropenia risiko tinggi yang memiliki luaran sembuh.
Simpulan : Sebagian besar hasil kultur darah pada demam neutropenia adalah steril. Kuman gram negatif penyebab terbanyak bakterimia pada demam neutropenia. Demam neutropenia memiliki morbiditas yang tinggi. Skor Rondinelli dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan demam neutropenia pada anak dengan keganasan.
Cancer children could have febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes. The bacteremia etiology of FN from each health center was different and periodically changed. Empirical antibiotic was given to the patient according to the classification. Rondinelli’s score classify FN patient to low risk and high risk. Outcome of Rondinelli’s score is not yet reported.
Purpose: To know the clinical pathway and characteristic of etiology FN in cancer children in Department of Child Health RSCM ward.
Methods: The retrospective descriptive study. Samples were taken from secondary data in medical report of a cancer child with FN in ward in Department of Child Health FKUI/RSCM from January 2010 to September 2013.
Results: There were 86 children with 96 FN episodes that fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bacteremia prevalence in cancer child with FN episodes was 17%. The most frequent proportion bacteria as FN etiology were Staphylococcus sp (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19%), and Escherichia coli (13%). The outcome of cancer children with FN were 40% recover, 49% not recover, and 6% pass away. Rondinelli's score outcome showed 30 (61%) episodes of low risk FN recover and only 13 (28%) episodes of high risk FN recover.
Conclusions: Most of blood culture result of FN was sterile. Gram negative bacteria were the most frequent etiology for FN. FN has high morbidity."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2013
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Satrio Wahyu Fathurrahman
Faktor-faktor risiko terjadinya diare kronik pada anak dengan infeksi HIV di RSCM pada tahun 2014 = Risk factors of chronic diarrhea in children with HIV infection in RSCM in the year 2014 2016
"ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Diare kronik meningkatkan risiko kematian serta morbiditas jangka panjang pada anak. Anak dengan infeksi HIV memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terjadi diare kronik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik, prevalensi, serta faktor risiko yang terkait dengan kejadian diare kronik pada pasien anak dengan infeksi HIV di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Faktor risiko yang diteliti ialah usia, status nutrisi, status dehidrasi, status pemberian ASI, fase infeksi HIV, penggunaan obat antiretroviral ARV , kultur tinja, serta sindrom malabsorbsi. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan sumber data dari rekam medis pasien departemen anak RSCM dengan infeksi HIV pada tahun 2014-2016. Seluruh data memenuhi kriteria dianalisis. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis bivariat diikuti analisis multivariat. Hasil: Karena keterbatasan data rekam medis, variabel kultur tinja, sindrom malabsorbsi, serta status pemberian ASI dikeluarkan dari penelitian ini. Prevalensi diare kronik pada pasien anak HIV ialah 12,9 . Analisis multivariat atas 132 data menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara gizi kurang dan buruk p=0,037, adjusted OR=5,737 dan dehidrasi p=0,026, adjusted OR=6,891 dengan kejadian diare kronik pada pasien anak dengan infeksi HIV. Diskusi: Hasil ini dapat dijelaskan dengan pengaruh imunosupresi dari status gizi yang rendah serta dehidrasi, selain bahwa diare pun dapat menyebabkan dehidrasi serta penurunan status gizi.
ABSTRACT
Introduction Chronic diarrhea increases mortality and other long term morbidities in children. Children with HIV infections are at higher risk of developing chronic diarrhea. Objective This study aims to investigate the characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors of chronic diarrhea in HIV children. Factors analyzed are age, nutritional status, dehydration status, breastfeeding, HIV infection phase, use of antiretroviral ARV drugs, stool culture, and malabsorbtive syndrome. Methods In this cross sectional study data are obtained from medical records of children with HIV infection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2014 until 2016. All data that satisfy the inclusion criteria and are not excluded are analyzed by bivariate followed by multivariate analysis. Results Due to insufficient data on stool culture, breastfeeding, and malabsorbtive syndrome, aforementioned variables are dropped from this study. Data shows that prevalence of chronic diarrhea in children with HIV in CMH is 12.9 . Analysis of 132 data shows that low nutritional status p 0.037, adjusted OR 5.737 and dehydration p 0.026, adjusted OR 6.891 are significantly associated with chronic diarrhea in HIV children. Discussions This finding may be due to the immunosupression caused by low nutritional status and dehydration, also by the fact that diarrhea can also cause a decrease in nutritional status and induce dehydration."
2017
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
<<   1 2 3   >>