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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pajak karbon adalah salah satu kebijakan untuk mengatasi pemanasan global di negara maju. Tetapi, apakah kebijakan itu juga bisa diterapkan di negara berkembang masih menjadi perdebatan. Tesis ini menganalisa masalah-masalah yang memperlambat perkembangan proposal pajak karbon di Indonesia. Thesis ini menggunakan pendekatan kritis terhadap pengalaman penerapan pajak carbon di negara lain dan data pengeluaran untuk memprediksi efek dari penerapan carbon tax pada sektor rumah tangga di Indonesia. Selain itu, tesis ini juga menggunakan perbandingan akibat dari penerapan pajak karbon dengan kebijakan pencabutan subsidi terhadap bahan bakar. Hasil dari tesis ini mengindikasikan bahwa pelaksanaan pajak karbon di Indonesia akan memberikan beban pajak yang lebih terhadap rumah tangga miskin di areal pedesaan. Tesis ini juga memetakan beberapa faktor yang menghambat perkembangan rencana penerapan pajak karbon di Indonesia dan memberikan gambaran alternatif solusi untuk menangani masalah tersebut.

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ABSTRACT
A carbon tax is one policy actions used to combat global warming in developed countries. However, whether it is also applicable to developing countries is debatable. This paper analyzes problems, which slow down the progress of carbon tax proposal in Indonesia. It critically reviews the experiences of other countries and uses expenditure data to predict likely impacts on households. It also relates the effect with the removal of fuel subsidy policy. The results indicate that the carbon tax would give more tax burden on poor households in the rural areas. The paper also describes some factors that hamper the carbon tax proposal in Indonesia and depicts some alternative suggestions to address the problems, A carbon tax is one policy actions used to combat global warming in developed countries. However, whether it is also applicable to developing countries is debatable. This paper analyzes problems, which slow down the progress of carbon tax proposal in Indonesia. It critically reviews the experiences of other countries and uses expenditure data to predict likely impacts on households. It also relates the effect with the removal of fuel subsidy policy. The results indicate that the carbon tax would give more tax burden on poor households in the rural areas. The paper also describes some factors that hamper the carbon tax proposal in Indonesia and depicts some alternative suggestions to address the problems]

Abstrak :
Studi ini mengkaji kebijakan moneter, kebijakan fiskal, kinerja pasar saham, dan hubungan di antara mereka dalam hal stabilitas ekonomi di Indonesia. Melalui kajian literatur dari beberapa penelitian empiris yang meneliti kasus Indonesia dan di negara-negara lain, studi ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan fiskal dan kebijakan moneter mempunyai efek signifikan dengan arah negatif terhadap harga saham. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus menaruh perhatian lebih terhadap penerapan stimulus fiskal dan disiplin fiskal serta penerapan instrumen-instrumen kebijakan moneter dalam merancang kebijakan yang sesuai dan positif terhadap performa pasar modal. Selain itu, batas realistis pada pembayaran utang harus diatur sedemikian rupa untuk memungkinkan pengembangan keuangan internal. Dari perspektif moneter, bank sentral harus fokus mengurangi efek lag sehingga reaksi berlebihan dari investor dapat diminimalkan. Dari perspektif pasar, kampanye kesadaran bagi perusahaan regional dan asing untuk mendaftar dan aktif di pasar bursa harus ditingkatkan. Selain itu, mendorong pasar agar investor tertarik berinvestasi di sektor riil juga merupakan tindakan penting, yang pada gilirannya dapat merangsang kapasitas produksi yang lebih tinggi bagi perekonomian. ......This study investigates the Indonesian fiscal policy, monetary policy, stock market performance, and the relationship between them in terms of economic stability in Indonesia. Through a literature review of several empirical studies, which scrutinize Indonesian cases and those in other countries, this study has found that amongst others, fiscal policy and monetary policy are negatively significant related to stock prices. Therefore, the government should pay close attention to the application of fiscal stimulus and observe fiscal discipline, when it takes into consideration monetary decisions regarding the performance of stock market. In addition, realistic limits on payments of debt service should be appropriately rearranged to allow for internal financial development. From a monetary perspective, the central bank should focus on reducing the lag effect so that the overreaction of investors can be minimized and the policy can be more effective. From a market perspective, an awareness campaign to help more regional and foreign companies become listed and quoted in the stock exchange market should be enhanced. In addition, encouraging the market is also an important action so that investors are interested in investing in the real sector, which in turn can lead to a higher production capacity for the economy and aggregate output.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pemerintah dan otoritas keuangan di Indonesia telah mengimplementasikan program-program inklusi keuangan melalui serangkaian inisiatif termasuk meluncurkan produk basic saving, TabunganKu. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka upaya untuk memperluas jangkauan produk dan jasa pasar keuangan ke seluruh lapisan masyarakat di seluruh Indonesia. Dalam kenyataannya, minat masyarakat terhadap produk TabunganKu relatif rendah akibat kurang efektifnya programprogram edukasi keuangan. Selanjutnya, paper ini akan menganalisis dampak dari program literacy keuangan terhadap keputusan masyarakat untuk membuka rekening TabunganKu. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukan, secara umum program literacy keuangan memiliki keterkaitan yang erat dengan keinginan masyarakat untuk membuka rekening TabunganKu. Meski demikian, literacy keuangan bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang menentukan keputusan masyarakat untuk membuka rekening TabunganKu. Lebih lanjut, program-program literacy keuangan hanyalah berdampak pada masyarakat berpendidikan rendah namun relatif tidak berdampak pada masyarakat berpendidikan tinggi. Selanjutnya, keputusan masyarakat untuk membuka rekening TabunganKu juga dipengaruhi oleh fitur-fitur yang terdapat pada produk TabunganKu. Beberapa fitur diperkirakan akan menarik minat masyarakat untuk menggunakan produk TabunganKu seperti fitur ATM dan kesesuaian dengan layanan branchless banking. Sejalan dengan itu, untuk meningkatkan efektivitas program, program literasi keuangan sebaiknya difokuskan pada kelompok-kelompok masyarakat tertentu seperti kaum muda, UMKM, dan masyarakat miskin disertai dengan koordinasi yang lebih baik diantara institusi-intitusi terkait.

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ABSTRACT In response to financial institutions in Indonesia not serving all areas of the population, the government and the financial authority have implemented a financial inclusion program that has several initiatives, including the launch of a basic savings account, TabunganKu. However, evidence shows that demand for TabunganKu is relatively low because of the lack of effective financial education programs. Therefore, this study will examine the effect of financial literacy programs on people?s decision to open a TabunganKu account. The findings show that financial literacy is strongly related to the willingness to open a TabunganKu account. However, financial literacy does not exclusively affect people?s decision to open a TabunganKu account. In some simulations, financial training and financial education only affect low- educated people but do not have a strong impact on highly educated people. Decision-making is also impacted by the type of features this account offers. Some improvements such as providing ATMs and compatibility with branchless banking will make TabunganKu more attractive to customers. In addition, improvements to financial literacy programs by targeting particular groups of people such as youth groups, MSMEs and the poor with customized financial training will enhance their ability to gain access to finance. Also in order to achieve maximum effectiveness, financial literacy programs need better coordination among related institutions.