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Abstrak :
This paper aims to present lessons learned from the Emergency Job Creation (EJC) program conducted by the Japanese government during the process of recovery from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake disaster, based on statis- tical analysis of the EJC program and an interview survey of several projects in Minamisanriku town. The EJC program is very similar to the Cash for Work (CFW) programs that are often used as a tool for social safety nets (SNNs) in developing countries, although the EJC pr ogram was basically a policy tool aimed at reducing unemploym ent, while CFW is aime d at pursuing recovery efforts and ensuring people?s participation in those efforts, in addition to re- ducing unemployment. In fact, statistical analysis shows that the number of EJC participants is rather higher in municipalities with severe damage than in municipalities with lower labor demand. The results of the interview survey also reflected this, and revealed that the EJC program was also used for human resource development. Drawing on findi ngs from the interviews, we conclude our study by identifying the three important factors that made EJC efficient: 1) the timeliness of commencing the program, 2) the sufficiency of the program funds, and 3) the flexibility with which the funds could be used, which enabled many local organizations to cr eate new forms of cooperation.

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We have performed resistivity measurements as a function of temperature, with and without an external magnetic field. Magnetization measurements are also done as a function of temperature M(T) as well as a function of an external magnetic field M(H) for La0.73Ca0.27Mn1-xCuxO3compounds with 0

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ABSTRACT
The histological outcomes after nonsurgical periodontal treatment with enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) remain controversial. The present study evaluated periodontal wound healing after scaling and root planing (SRP) with subgingival application of EMD for treatment of experimental periodontitis. Periodontal breakdown was induced by applying silk ligatures around mandibular third and fourth premolars of six beagle dogs until radiographic bone loss progressed to approximately half of the root length. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were proximally measured 2 weeks after ligature removal (baseline). Mesial and distal surfaces of the experimental teeth were subjected to SRP and randomized using a split-mouth design to subgingival application of EMD (test) or normal saline (control). PPD and CAL were re-evaluated at 11 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks for histological analyses. No significant differences were observed in PPD and CAL between both groups at baseline and at 11 weeks. Histologically, test sites exhibited a greater amount of new cementum than that did the control sites (p < 0.01). Moreover, the control sites revealed increased epithelial downgrowth compared with the test sites: (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no intergroup differences were detected in terms of bone position, connective tissue attachment, gingival recession, and planed root length. This study suggested that EMD has an increased potential to support formation of new cementum with decreased epithelial downgrowth when used as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment.

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ABSTRACT
Purpose The lymphatic flow along the posterior gastric artery (PGA) is considered of possible clinical importance in terms of lymphatic metastasis; however, little is known about the lymph nodes (LNs) around this artery. The purpose of this study was to establish if LNs exist around the PGA and to evaluate their clinical implications. Methods We examined the tissues surrounding the PGA from 21 cadavers to search for LNs. We also investigated the patterns of lymphatic metastases in patients who underwent surgery for gastric neoplasms at our institute to detect their presence along the PGA. Results The PGA was identified in 11 cadavers, and LNs around the PGA were detected microscopically in 2 of these. Lymphatic metastasis directly to the LNs at the splenic artery without any metastases was regarded as skip metastasis along the PGA. Skip metastasis was found in two of ten patients who underwent surgery for remnant gastric cancer. Conclusions The existence of LNs around the PGA was confirmed, and based on our findings, lymphatic metastasis through the PGA is possible in patients with remnant gastric cancer.