Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Proses elektrolisis plasma yang merupakan bagian dari Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) sangat efektif digunakan untuk degradasi limbah pewarna tekstil. Energi yang dihasilkan selama proses tersebut dapat membentuk oksidan-oksidan yang sangat reaktif, terutama radikal hidroksil, yang dapat mendegradasi senyawa-senyawa dalam limbah pewarna tekstil. Namun, proses ini membutuhkan konsumsi energi yang tinggi untuk pembentukan plasma. Selain itu radikal hidroksil (●OH) yang dihasilkan merupakan oksidator yang bersifat non selektif. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses, pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi beberapa parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap proses elektrolisis plasma seperti konsentrasi dan suhu larutan, posisi kedalaman anoda, serta laju alir volume udara injeksi. Penambahan kedalaman posisi anoda dari 5 mm ke 65 mm menunjukkan peningkatan konsumsi energi sebesar 41,95%. Sementara injeksi udara dengan laju alir volume 6 L/menit dapat menurunkan energi pembentukan plasma sebesar 33,48% bila dibandingkan dengan energi pembentukan plasma tanpa injeksi udara. Variasi parameter-parameter tersebut juga berpengaruh terhadap produksi radikal hidroksil. Peningkatan jumlah radikal hidroksil diperoleh pada posisi anoda yang semakin dalam, serta laju alir udara yang rendah yaitu kurang dari 2 L/menit. Pada laju alir volume yang tinggi, penurunan konsumsi energi yang terjadi berdampak pada penurunan produksi radikal hidroksil dimana semakin tinggi laju injeksi udara, radikal hidroksil yang dihasilkan semakin rendah. Proses degradasi Remazol Red sebagai pewarna tekstil juga dipengaruhi oleh laju alir volume udara injeksi. Pada kondisi laju alir volume udara yang optimum, yaitu 0,05 L/menit, diperoleh degradasi pewarna tekstil sebesar 96,04%, meningkat 39,76% jika dibandingkan dengan proses degradasi tanpa injeksi udara. ...... The plasma electrolysis process which is part of the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) is effectively used for the degradation of textile dye waste. The energy generated during the process can form highly reactive oxidants, especially hydroxyl radicals, which can degrade the compounds in textile dye wastes. However, this process requires high energy consumption for plasma formation. In addition, the hydroxyl radicals (●OH) produced are non selective oxidizer. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of the process, the variation of several parameters in this research which influenced the plasma electrolytic processes were carried out such as concentration and temperature of the solution, the depth of the anode, and the volume flow rate of air injection. The addition of the anode position depth from 5 mm to 65 mm showed an increase in energy consumption of 41.95%. While air injection with a volume flow rate of 6 L/minute can reduce plasma formation energy by 33.48% when compared to the energy of plasma formation without air injection. The variation of these parameters also affected the production of hydroxyl radicals. Increasing the amount of hydroxyl radical was obtained at the anode deeper position and the lower air flow rate which was less than 2 L/minute. At a high volume flow rate, the decrease in energy consumption that occured impacted on the production of hydroxyl radicals in which the higher rate of air injection, hydroxyl radicals generated were lower. The degradation process of Remazol Red as a textile dye was also influenced by the flow rate of injected air. In condition of optimum air flow volume of 0.05 L/minute, textile dye degradation was 96.04%, increased by 39.76% compared to the degradation process without air injection.

Abstrak :
Pengembangan dan pemanfaatan bahan bakar cair alternatif seperti biodiesel dari mikroalga menjadi perhatian utama oleh banyak kalangan. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh peningkatan kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) disaat kondisi cadangan dan produksi minyak yang terus menyusut dan pemanfaatan BBM yang berdampak terhadap pemanasan global. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas biomassa Synechococcus HS-9 sebagai kandidat bahan baku yang potensial untuk menghasilkan biodiesel, mengetahui pengaruh hidrodinamik terhadap proses pertumbuhan Synechococcus HS-9 selama proses kultivasi, proses optimasi mulitiobjektif untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi biomassa dan efisiensi energi yang optimal, serta mengetahui potensi dampak lingkungan melalui analisis LCA. Proses kultivasi Synechococcus HS-9 dilakukan menggunakan Rectangular Airlift Photobioreactor Using Baffles (RAPBR- Bs). Data gambar dan video gelembung di dalam RAPBR-Bs diambil dengan menggunakan high speed camera Fastec TS5 untuk keperluan analisis hidrodinamik. Optimasi multiobjektif dilakukan dengan menggunakan Artificial Neural Network (ANN) dan Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGA). Analisis LCA menggunakan software LCA GABI versi 10.5.1.124 commercial license dan database Ecoinvent 3.7.1. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil eksperimen diperoleh hasil proses kultivasi Synechococcus HS-9 berupa biomassa kering sebesar 3,226 g dengan produktivitas biomassa 0,0117 mg/l/hari dan laju pertumbuhan sel sebesar 0,012 per hari. Parameter hidrodinamik seperti propertis gelembung, yaitu kecepatan gelembung, diameter gelembung, bilangan non dimensional, superficial gas velocity, bubble rise velocity, dan gas holdup, serta proses perpindahan massa yang terjadi di dalam RAPBR-Bs sangat berpengaruh dan meningkatkan proses pertumbuhan Synechococcus HS-9 selama proses kultivasi. Hasil optimasi menggunakan ANN-GA diperoleh nilai optimum target, yaitu konsentrasi biomaas (C)= 4,61x10-5 mg/ml dan efisiensi energi (ղ) = 0,043 %. Nilai target tersebut paling optimum pada nilai input T = 29,7 0C; I= 254,7 μmol m-2s-1; pH = 8,6; CO2 = 83,4 ppm; ORP =149,1 mV; dan DO =6 mg/l. Analisis LCA yang dilakukan selama proses produksi biomassa Synechococcus HS-9 menunjukkan penggunaan listrik dan kompresor berkontribusi paling tinggi terhadap dampak lingkungan. Proses produksi biomassa kering Synechococcus HS-9 menyebabkan dampak terhadap lingkungan sebesar 8,38x10-9 Pt. Lima kategori dampak yang merasakan secara signifikan, yaitu Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential, Human Toxicity Potential, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot, Abiotic Depletion, dan Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years). ......The development and utilization of alternative liquid fuels such as biodiesel from microalgae is a major concern for many people. This is due to the increasing demand for fuel oil when the condition of oil reserves and production are shringking and the use of fuel oil has an impact on global warming. The aims of the study were to determine the biomass productivity of Synechococcus HS-9 as a potential raw material candidate to produce biodiesel, the effect of hydrodynamics on the growth process of Synechococcus HS-9 during the cultivation process, the multi-objective optimization process to obtain optimal biomass concentration and energy efficiency, and the LCA analysis. The cultivation of Synechococcus HS-9 was carried out in a Rectangular Airlift Photobioreactor with Baffle (RAPBR-Bs). For hydrodynamic analysis, image and video data of bubbles in the RAPBR-Bs were taken using a Fastec TS5 high speed camera. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGA) were used for multi-objective optimization. LCA analysis was performed with the LCA GABI software version 10.5.1.124 commercial license and the Ecoinvent 3.7.1 database. Based on the analysis of experimental data, Synechococcus HS-9 cultivation process produced 3,226 g of dry biomass with a biomass productivity of 0,0117 mg/L/day and a cell growth rate of 0,012 per day. Hydrodynamic parameters such as bubble properties, such as bubble velocity, bubble diameter, non-dimensional number, superficial gas velocity, bubble rise velocity, and gas holdup, as well as mass transfer processes that occur in RAPBR-Bs, have a large influence on the growth of Synechococcus HS-9 during cultivation. Optimization results using ANN-GA obtained the optimum target value, namely biomass concentration (C) = 4,61x10-5 mg/ml and energy efficiency (ղ) = 0,043 %. The target value is the most optimum at the input value T = 29,7 0C; I= 254,7 μmol m-2s-1; pH = 8,6; CO2 = 83,4 ppm; ORP = 149,1 mV; and DO = 6 mg/l. LCA analysis conducted during the Synechococcus HS-9 biomass production process showed that the use of electricity and compressors contributed the most to the environmental impact. The dry biomass production process of Synechococcus HS-9 causes an environmental impact of 8,38x10-9 Pt. Five categories of impacts that felt significantly, namely Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot, Human Toxicity Potential, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot, Abiotic Depletion, and Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years).