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Abstrak :
Pemanfaatan teknologi nuklir terutama radiasi gamma telah menjadi bagian penting di bidang kedokteran. Radiasi gamma dapat menghasilkan spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) yang menyebabkan kerusakan biologis pada sel normal. Antioksidan adalah senyawa kimia yang dapat mencegah reaksi berantai radikal bebas. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan eksplorasi kemampuan dari bawang putih, petai, jengkol, tomat dan NAC dalam melindungi sel tehadap radiasi gamma. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas: A (kontrol), B (radiasi), C (bawang putih+radiasi), D (petai+radiasi), E (jengkol+radiasi), F (tomat+radiasi) dan G (NAC+radiasi). Tiap kelompok terdiri atas 4 ekor tikus jantan. Paparan radiasi gamma dilakukan setelah pemberian bahan alam selama 8 hari berturut-turut. Uji biokimia berupa pengukuran konsentrasi Malondialdehid (MDA), Glutation (GSH), 8-hidroksi-2-deoksiguanosin (8-OHdG), aktivitas spesifik Glutation Peroksidase (GPx), Katalase (CAT) serta uji immunofluoresensi foci γH2AX pada limfosit dan plasma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan radiasi gamma dapat menyebabkan peningkatan signifikan pada konsentrasi MDA, GSH, 8-OHdG dan jumlah foci γH2AX serta penurunan signifikan pada aktivitas spesifik GPx dan CAT (p<0.05). Sementara itu, pemberian ekstrak bawang putih, jengkol, tomat dan NAC mampu secara signifikan mengurangi radikal bebas akibat radiasi gamma. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bawang putih, jengkol, tomat dan NAC mampu melindungi tikus terhadap stres oksidatif akibat radiasi gamma. ......Application of nuclear technology, especially gamma radiation, has become an important part of the medical field. Gamma radiation exposure can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause biological damage to normal cells. Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can prevent free radical chain reaction. This study has been focused to explore the capability some materials of garlic, petai, jengkol, tomatoes and N-acetylcystein (NAC) in counteracting free radicals caused by gamma radiation. This research was divided into 7 treatment groups, namely A (control), B (radiation), C(garlic+radiation), D(petai+radiation), E(jengkol+radiation), F(tomato+radiation) and G(NAC+radiation). Each group consists of 4 male rats. The irradiation were given after 8 days the suplement had been given. Detection of  malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by biochemical, and γ-H2AX foci by immunoflouresence assay were made from lymphocytes and plasma. The results showed that gamma radiation cause a significant increase in MDA, GSH, 8-OHdG concentration and the number of foci γH2AX and a significant decrease in GPx and CAT specific activity (p <0.05). Giving garlic extract, jengkol bean, tomato and NAC can significantly reduce free radicals due to gamma radiation. The conclusion is garlic, jengkol bean, tomato and NAC can protect mice against oxidative stress due to gamma radiation.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Background: MiR-21 is known to play a role in osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, but the role of serum miR-21 expression in osteoporosis remains unclear. Previous research found that serum miR-21 expression was positively correlated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, but other factors involved in postmenopausal osteoporosis still unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of serum miR-21 expression, concentration of RANKL, OPG, TGF-β1, sclerostin and serum calcium, RANKL/OPG ratio, and physical activity on bone mineral density of spine in hypoestrogenic postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (PMOP) compared with no osteoporosis (PMNOP), with point of interest on the expression of serum miR-21. Methods: this study was conducted by comparative cross-sectional design. The subjects were divided into 2 groups of PMOP and PMNOP. We used an absolute quantification real-time PCR method to determine serum miR-21 expressions level. Results: Median of serum miR-21 expression at the PMOP group was significantly higher compared to PMNOP group (p = 0,001). Serum miR-21 expression, RANKL, RANKL/OPG ratio, and physical activity were significantly correlated with BMD values in the PMOP group. Moderate physical activity was significantly negatively correlated with serum miR-21 expression. We also obtained a linear regression equation BMD = 1,373-0,085*Ln.miR-21-0,176*Log10.RANKL (R2 = 52,5%). Conclusion: serum miR-21 expression in PMOP was higher compared with PMNOP. Serum miR-21 expression proved to have a negative effect on spinal BMD values in hypoestrogenic postmenopausal women with osteoporosis of 8,5%. Obtained equation of BMD = 1,373-0,085*Ln.miR-21-0,176*Log10.RANKL can explain the value of spinal BMD by 52,5%.