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Abstrak :
The information about bird community and response guild of each species are required for calculating the ecosystem health in Nusa Penida Island. At present time, the facts about bird species in the island has been known but not the response guild. Respose guild considered necessary to construct a Bird Community Index, thus we can make judgement on the ecosystem health in that region. Base of this research is animal ecology and ecological indicators. The aims are to develop a regional index of biotic integrity based on bird community composition, apply the index to a probability-based sample of field sites to verify the proportion of the study area exhibiting various categories of biotic integrity, determine the combination of landscape configuration and local vegetation variables that are associated with different levels of biotic integrity, and to verify the bird community index with independent data collected from the same sample locations. The research was held on two parts, from March -May and July - September 2010 on Nusa Penida Island. This study is classified as a non-experimental study. Point count along the transect was used to collect the information of bird community. The Landsat satellite imagery was personalized by supervised method and overlay with sampling points coordinat. The image was enhanched by buffered the sampling points coordinat 500 m that intersect with landscape configurations to reveal the proportion of land cover type each sampling points. The enhanched imagery was done using ArcGIS 9.3. Linear regression by stepwise method was used to identify the association along with land cover category and bird community. Statistic calculations were counted using SPSS 17.0. The instruments are binocular [Bushnell] 10 x 50, GPS [Garmin 76 CSX], rollmeter, digital camera [Sony DSC P-150], watch, field guide book, note book, pencil, and an image from Landsat satellite path 116 row 66. The result for bird community on first part of the research are eleven sites classified as high integrity, thirty five sites as moderate integrity, and five sites as low integrity. On the second part of the study showed that four sites as highest integrity, twenty three sites as high integrity, and twenty four sites as moderate integrity. Nevertheless, not all land cover and vegetation variables were significant different on each integrity category. The conclusions are bird community index in Nusa Penida Island devided into three category, high, moderate, and low; there is a connection between bird community index and disturbance levels; the BCI that used to rank the environmental condition appropriate to land cover in that area; and landscape configuration combination has relationship with every level of biotic integrity.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Ekosistem daratan di Banggai Kepulauan Bangkep memiliki karakteristik khas hutan tropis Sulawesi. Perambahan kayu, perburuan dan aktivitas agraris masyarakat mendorong terjadinya degradasi pada hutan tropis Bangkep dari waktu ke waktu. Pemulihan fungsi ekosistem dapat dicapai dengan upaya restorasi ekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat degradasi hutan dan membangun model spasial restorasi yang sesuai. Tingkat degradasi ditentukan berdasarkan perubahan luas tutupan vegetasi dan keberadaan spesies asli. Perubahan tutupan vegetasi dianalisis secara temporal pada periode 1991 dan 2014 berdasarkan nilai Enhanced Vegetation Index EVI pada citra Landsat 4 TM dan Landsat 8 OLI, dilengkapi dengan analisis deteksi perubahan dan ground truth. Hasil analisis regresi logistik menghasilkan bahwa kejadian degradasi dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variabel ketinggian wilayah, jarak hutan dari jalan dan permukiman. Hutan terdegradasi ringan memiliki porsi luas sebesar 24 , hutan terdegrdasi sedang seluas 28 dan hutan terdegradasi berat seluas 48 . Pola degradasi hutan semakin berkurang seiring dengan bertambahnya ketinggian wilayah. Jenis restorasi yang sesuai untuk hutan terdegradasi ringan adalah dengan assisted natural regeneration ANR yang sesuai diterapkan pada wilayah elevasi tinggi. Hutan terdegradasi sedang dapat dipulihkan dengan pengkayaan pohon-pohon asli serta spesies non-asli tertentu. Pada hutan terdegradasi berat dapat diterapkan agroforestri sebagai sistem perkebunan berkelanjutan. Pohon yang dapat hidup dengan baik umumnya berasal dari pembibitan lokal karena memiliki komponen abiotik suhu, kelembababan, iklim yang sama dengan wilayah penanaman.

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ABSTRACT
Banggai Kepulauan Bangkep has a unique terrestrial ecosystem type of Sulawesi tropical rainforest. Timber harvesting, animal hunting and shifting agriculture are regarded as the main cause of forest degradation over time. Ecological restoration is needed to restore ecosytem functions. The objectives of this study are to analyze forest degradation rate and build suitably spatial restoration model. Degradation rate is determined by vegetation cover change between 1991 and 2014 based on Enhanced Vegetation Index EVI from Landsat 4 TM and Landsat 8 OLI, completed by change detection analysis and ground truth. Logistic regression analysis revealed that degradation event significantly influenced by altitude, distance from road and settlements. Low degraded forest is covering 24 area, medium degraded forest 28 and 48 area is high degraded. The forest degradation decrease due to increasing altitude. The appropriate type of restoration for low degraded forests is assisted natural regeneration ANR , which suitable for region with high altitude. Enrichment planting with native and selected non native trees could applicated in medium degraded area. High degraded forest can be restored by agroforestry as a sustainable agriculture system. Local seedling results a good growth of trees, because it has similar important abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity and climate.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Lanskap sosio-ekologi di wilayah penelitian terbentuk karena aktifitas manusia pada lingkungan fisik yang memiliki struktur adat, kekeluargaan, kolektivitas dan modal untuk sustainability. Terdapat lanskap pertanian agriculture and mosaics berbasis kearifan lokal pada wilayah ketinggian 0-100 mdpl, agroforestri other dominant natural landcover berbasis pengetahuan ekologi tradisional pada wilayah ketinggian 101-600 mdpl, dan hutan forest berbasis hukum adat pada wilayah ketinggian 601-1000 mdpl. Metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem tenurial yang paling sering terganggu berada pada lanskap agroforestri ketinggian 100-600 mdpl dimana tersedia jalan-jalan kantung produksi sebagai sarana mobilisasi masyarakat dari permukiman ke hutan dan dominasi kebun pribadi di dalam kawasan hutan milik negara.

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ABSTRACT
Socio ecological landscape is formed by human activities in the physical environment shows customary, familial, collectivity and capital structure for sustainability. There are 3 types of socio ecological landscape based on altitude local wisdom based agricultural landscapes at altitude 0 100 masl, traditional ecological knowledge based agroforestry landscapes at altitude 101 600 masl, and customary law based forest landscapes at altitude 601 1000 masl. This study documents sacred places protected by indigenous community, customary law relevancies, and the perception of forest tenure. Quantitative and qualitative method result disturbed tenure system often found in agroforestry landscapes altitudes of 100 600 masl where crop production road wage mobilization from settlement to forest area and there is a dominance of private owned garden within state forest areas.

Abstrak :

Taman Kehati mempunyai fungsi sebagai pusat penelitian dan keanekaragaman biota. Kawasan lindung mayoritas dimiliki oleh negara dan menjadi strategi wilayah konservasi. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui peluang dan tantangan taman kehati sebagai wilayah konservasi dengan analisis secara spasial, deskriptif, dan SWOT yang mencakup faktor fisik dan sosial. Variabel fisik mencakup penggunaan tanah, kemiringan lereng, dan fungsi kawasan hutan. Faktor sosial berfokus pengetahuan ekologi lokal masyarakat adat dan juga HHBK terhadap taman. Pada faktor fisik, beberapa titik taman kehati mempunyai keindahan alam yang menarik seperti air tebing indah apabila dilihat dari puncak. Dalam faktor sosial, pengetahuan ekologi lokal masyarakat adat dapat dikatakan cukup baik. Masyarakat adat pada seluruh titik responden dan juga tuan tanah taman kehati sudah mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik mengenai keanekaragama   n flora fauna di wilayah nya. Tantangan taman kehati sebagai wilayah konservasi yaitu bahwa masyarakat umum pada keseluruhan desa kurang paham akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Pada diskusi kelompok terarah di titik desa Mangais, bahwa masyarakat lebih mementingkan akan upah yang bisa didapat dalam hal jangka pendek.

 

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Biodiversity Park has a function as a center for research and biodiversity. Protected areas owned by the state and become a conservation strategy area. This research aims to look at the opportunities and challenges of a biodiversity park as a conservation area with a spatial, descriptive and SWOT analysis that includes physical and social factors. Land use spatial variables uses land use, slope, and function of forest area. Social factors focus on the local ecology of indigenous peoples and also HHBK at the park. On the physical factor, some points of the park are of attractive natural beauty such as beautiful cliffs seen from the top. In terms of social factors, local ecological knowledge of indigenous peoples can be said to be quite good. The indigenous peoples at all points and also the biodiversity park landlords already have good knowledge about the diversity of flora and fauna in their area. The challenge of the biodiversity park as a conservation area is that the general public in the whole village does not understand how to protect the environment. In a focus group discussion at the point of Mangais village, that the community is more concerned with wages that can be obtained in the short term.