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"Pendahuluan: Benzo(a)pyrene merupakan salah satu golongan PAH yangdiklasifikasikan sebagai senyawa yang bersifat karsinogen (probably carcinogenic)pada manusia dan hewan. Setelah terpajanan, benzo(a)pyrene yang masuk kedalamtubuh manusia melalui jalur inhalasi, langsung terabsorpsi didalam tubuh danterdistribusi dalam paru, kulit dan hati, lalu berikatan dengan DNA, RNA dan protein. Setelah memasuki tubuh manusia dan biotransformasi, Benzo(a)pyrene diekskresikan dalam bentuk metabolit terhidroksilasi dalam urin atau feses. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) dalam urin merupakan metabolit yang paling umum digunakan sebagai biomarker pajanan dari senyawa benzo(a)pyrene. Pengukuran konsentrasi benzo(a)pyrene dilakukan pada tiga titik di setiap sekolah menggunakan sorben tube dengan filter charcoal, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode fluoresensi. Analisis 1-hydroxypyrene dalam urin dilakukan menggunakan HPLC dengan detektor fluoresensi. Tujuan: untuk melihat hubungan paparan benzo(a)pyrene terhadap konsentrasi 1-hydroxypyrene pada urin. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 76 orang, pembagian sampel di buat secara probability proportional to size (PPS), pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil: Rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara indoor sekolah dasar negeri di sekitar ruas jalan utama Jakarta Barat sebesar 0,0059 mg/m3, dan rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara outdoor yaitu 0,0031 mg/m3. Rata-rata konsentrasi BaP di udara indoor pada sekolah terpajan tinggi yaitu 5,6 kali lebih tinggi (0,0102 mg/m3) di bandingkan sekolah yang terpajan terpajan rendah (0,0018 mg/m3). Rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa sekolah dasar negeri di sekitar ruas jalan utama Jakarta Barat adalah 12,146 μmol/mol kreatinin. Rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa sekolah terpajan tinggi 1,2 kali lebih besar (13,363 μmol/mol kreatinin) di bandingkan sekolah terpajan rendah (10,929 μmol/mol kreatinin). Kesimpulan: Hubungan pajanan BaP di udara indooor terhadap konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa berpola positif dimana terdapat korelasi positif antara pajanan BaP di udara indoor terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa (r=0,229) artinya semakin tinggi pajanan BaP di udara indoor maka semakin tinggi konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa. Hasil uji statistik menjelaskan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pajanan BaP di udara indoor dengan konsentrasi 1-OHP pada urin siswa (p=0,046).

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Introduction: Benzo(a)pyrene is a class of PAH which is classified as a carcinogenic compound (probably carcinogenic) in humans and animals. After exposure, benzo(a)pyrene which enters the human body through inhalation pathways, is directly absorbed in the body and distributed in the lungs, skin, and liver, then binds to DNA, RNA, and protein. After entering the human body and biotransformation, benzo(a)pyrene is excreted in the form of hydroxylated metabolites in urine or feces. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in urine is the most common metabolite used as exposure biomarkers of benzo(a)pyrene compounds. Benzo(a)pyrene concentration measurements were carried out at three points in each school using tube sorbents with charcoal filters and analyzed using the fluorescence method. Analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine is carried out using HPLC with a fluorescence detector.

Objective: To see the relationship of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene to urine 1-hydroxypyrene concentration.

Method: This study is a quantitative study with a crosssectional design, the sample in this study amounted to 76 people, the sample distribution was made by probability proportional to size (PPS), the sampling used purposive sampling.

Results: The average BaP concentration in the indoor air of public elementary schools around the West Jakarta's main road segment is 0.0059 mg/m3, and the average BaP concentration in outdoor air is 0.0031 mg/m3. The average BaP concentration in indoor air in high exposed schools is 5.6 times higher (0.0102 mg/m3) compared to schools exposed to a low exposure (0.0018 mg/m3). The average 1-OHP concentration in the urine of public elementary school students around the West Jakarta main road segment is 12.146 μmol/mol creatinine. The average concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of high-exposed school students was 1.2 times greater (13,363 μmol/mol creatinine) compared to low-exposed schools (10,929 μmol/mol creatinine).

Conclusion: The relationship of BaP exposure in indoor air to the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students was positively patterned where there was a positive correlation between BaP exposure in indoor air to an increase in 1-OHP concentration in the urine of students (r = 0.229) meaning higher exposure to indoor air the higher the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students. The results of the statistical test explained that there was a significant relationship between exposure to BaP in indoor air and the concentration of 1-OHP in the urine of students (p = 0.046)."

"Tesis ini membahas hubungan antara pajanan polusi udara yakni particulate matter (PM)2,5 dan jumlah koloni bakteri udara dalam ruang kelas terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada siswa tiga sekolah dasar yang ada di Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang berdesain cross-sectional, dengan variabel lainnya yakni umur, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, status gizi, kepadatan siswa, ventilasi, suhu dan kelembaban ruang kelas. Metode penelitian menggunakan alat ukur Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 untuk pengukuran PM2,5, MAS 100 NT untuk pengukuran total koloni bakteri, dan spirometri untuk pengukuran fungsi paru, serta kuesioner untuk pengukuran variabel lainnya. Hasil penelitian yakni ada hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 terhadap gangguan fungsi paru namun tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara jumlah koloni bakteri udara dalam ruang dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian menyarankan kepada sekolah agar dapat memperbaiki kualitas kesehatan siswa dengan cara memantau dan mengimplementasikan gerakan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di sekolah, kemudian diharapkan agar program sekolah sehat dapat ditingkatkan dengan memberikan promosi kesehatan kepada siswa di lingkungan sekolah, dapat bekerja sama dengan badan lingkungan hidup terkait pengendalian pencemaran udara di sekolah dengan cara melakukan pengukuran polusi udara di sekolah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko dari pajanan yang dihasilkan di area sekolah.

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This study discusses the relationship between exposure about (particulate matter) PM2,5 and the number of airborne bacterial colonies in classrooms to lung function disorders in students in three elementary schools in West Jakarta. This research is quantitative cross-sectional design, with other variables like age, gender, physical activity, nutritional status, student density, ventilation, temperature and humidity of the classroom. Measurement of PM2,5 using Haz-Dust EPAM 5000, measurement of total colony bacteria using MAS 100 NT and lung function with spirometry, and also questionnaires. The results of the study were that there was a significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and lung function disorders but no significant association was found between the number of airborne bacterial colonies in classroom and lung function disorders. Based on the results of the study suggest suggest that schools can improve the quality of students health by monitoring and implementing healthy clean behavioral movements in schools, healthy school programs can be improved by providing health promotion to students in the school environment, can work with environmental agencies related to control air pollution in schools to determine the level of risk of exposure generated in the school area."

"Partikulat (PM2.5), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan benzo(a)pyrene diketahui sebagai polutan yang sering ditemukan di udara dari sisa/hasil pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas udara terutama pada populasi rentan seperti anak-anak dimana sebagian waktunya dihabsikan di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk adalah mengestimasi risiko pajanan partikulat (PM2.5), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan benzo(a)pyrene pada siswa di tiga sekolah dasar negeri Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan konsentrasi PM2.5 terkecil dan terbesar di SDN Cengkareng Barat. Sedangkan konsentrasi NO2 terkecil di SDN Cengkareng Barat dan terbesar di SDN Cengkareng Timur. Sementara konsentrasi benzo(a)pyrene terkecil di SDN Cengkareng Barat dan terbesar di SDN Cengkareng Timur. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, risiko non karsinogen pajanan PM2.5, NO2, dan benzo(a)pyrene dari ketiga sekolah memiliki nilai RQ ≤ 1 atau dikatakan aman sedangkan risiko kesehatan karsinogenik pajanan benzo(a)pyrene memiliki nilai E > 4 yang berarti siswa di sekolah berisiko.

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Particulates (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and benzo (a) pyrene are known to be pollutants that are often found in air from residual combustion of motorized vehicles that can affect air quality especially in vulnerable populations such as children where some of the time is validated at school.

This study aims to estimate the risk ofparticulate exposure (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and benzo (a) pyrene in students in three West Jakarta state elementary schools.

This research resulted in the smallest and largest PM2.5 concentration in Cengkareng Barat Elementary School. While the smallest NO2 concentration was in SDN Cengkareng Barat and the largest was in SDN Cengkareng Timur. While the smallest concentration of benzo (a) pyrene is in West Cengkareng SDN and the largest is in East Cengkareng SDN.

Conclusions from this study, the risk of non-carcinogen exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and benzo (a) pyrene from the three schools has a RQ value of ≤ 1 or is said to be safe while the carcinogenic risk of benzo exposure (a) pyrene has an E value> 4 which means students at risk school."