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"Latar belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) terjadi apabila terdapat satu atau lebih gigi karies, gigi yang hilang akibat karies atau gigi yang telah ditambal pada anak usia dibawah 71 bulan. Salah satu faktor risiko dari ECC adalah mikroorganisme, yaitu Streptococcus mutans yang merupakan bakteri patogen utama dari karies. Salah satu tindakan pencegahan ECC yang efektif adalah menyikat gigi dengan pasta gigi berfluoride, namun penggunaan fluoride dengan dosis tinggi dapat menyebabkan fluorosis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menemukan pasta gigi berbahan natural. Telah terbukti bahwa Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah bahan natural yang memiliki efek antimikroba. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menguji VCO pasta gigi 8% dan 80% terhadap viabilitas biofilm S. mutans dari pasien ECC. Nilai viabilitas biofilm didapatkan dengan melihat perbedaan nilai optical density (OD) biofilm S. mutans sebelum dan sesudah diberi bahan uji VCO pasta gigi. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji independen t-Test menunjukkan nilai viabilitas biofilm S. mutans VCO pasta gigi 8% terhadap kontrol negatif berbeda tidak signifikan, namun VCO pasta gigi 80% terhadap kontrol negatif berbeda signifikan. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, terdapat kenaikan nilai OD biofilm S. mutans setelah pemberian VCO pasta gigi 8%. Sebaliknya, terdapat penurunan nilai OD biofilm S. mutans setelah pemberian VCO pasta gigi 80%. Berdsarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa VCO pasta gigi konsentrasi 80% memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap viabilitas biofilm S. mutans secara in vitro.

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Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as one or more decayed, missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in children aged 71 months or younger. Microorganism is one of ECCs risk factor with Streptococcus mutans being the main pathogen of caries. ECC can be prevented effectively using fluoridated toothpaste, but too much fluoride exposure can cause dental fluorosis in children. Studies had been done to create toothpaste with natural active ingredient. One of natural products that has been proven to have antimicrobial activity is Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Methods: In this study, VCO toothpaste 8 and 80% concentration was tested against S. mutans biofilm viability. Biofilm viability was measured using the difference between optical density (OD) score before and after VCO toothpastes exposure. Results: The data was analyzed using independent t-Test. S. mutans biofilm viability in VCO toothpaste 8% concentration unsignificantly different from negative control. Meanwhile, VCO toothpaste 80% concentration was significantly different from negative control. Conclusion: In this study, S. mutans biofilm that was exposed with VCO toothpaste 8% concentration showed an increase in the OD score. On the contrary, there was a decrease in the OD score of S. mutans biofilm after being exposed with VCO toothpaste 80% concentration. From the results above, it can be concluded that VCO toothpaste 80% concentration exhibits antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm viability in vitro"

"Latar Belakang: Penelitian tentang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah pada ras Deutromalayid berdasarkan usia kronologis, jenis kelamin, dan status gizi masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui frekuensi distribusi tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah pada ras Deutromalayid di Indonesia berdasarkan usia kronologis, jenis kelamin, dan status gizi. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan sampel 122 data rekam medik pasien anak laki-laki dan perempuan Klinik Integrsi Anak FKG UI dengan perbandingan yang sama berusia 5-11. Hasil: Penilaian tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah dengan reproduksi digital memiliki reproduksibilitas yang baik. Tidak ada perbedaan tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah sisi kiri dan kanan. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah terjadi dengan bertambahnya usia. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah berbeda terhadap jenis kelamin, yaitu anak perempuan lebih awal, kecuali pada kelompok usia 6, 10, dan 11. Status gizi yang berbeda tidak menunjukkan perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah, kecuali pada kelompok usia 5 dan 8. Kesimpulan: Subjek penelitian dapat mewakilkan ras Deutromalayid di Indonesia. Perbedaan usia dan jenis kelamin menunjukkan perbedaan proporsi tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi M1 bawah, sedangkan status gizi tidak.

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Background: Researches on growth and develompent of mandibular first permanent molars based on chronological age, sex, and nutritional status are limited in Deutromalayid race group.

Objectives: To know the frequency distribution of growth and development stages of mandibular first permanent molars in the Deutromalayid race group based on chronological age, sex, and nutritional status. 

Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with 122 medical records of patients of Pedodontics Integrated Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia with the same ratio of both sexes aged 5-11 as samples.

Result: Assessment of growth and development stages with reproduced digital panoramics has a good reproducibility. Theres no difference of growth and development stages on left and right side. The growth and development undergo with the increase of individuals age. The growth and development differs on sex, that girls undergo earlier, except on age groups of 6, 10, and 11. Difference of nutritional status doesnt show difference of the growth and development, except on age groups of 5 and 8.

Conclusion: Subjects of research can represent the Deutromalayid race in Indonesia. Differences of age and sex show differences in growth and development of mandibular first permanent molars, while difference of nutritional status doesnt."

"Karbohidrat merupakan sumber energi terpenting yang dibutuhkan pada masa pertumbuhan anak. Karbohidrat merupakan faktor terpenting pada proses terjadinya karies. Prevalensi karies di Indonesia untuk kelompok usia 5 – 9 tahun berdasarkan RISKESDAS 2018 sebesar 92,6%. Kerentanan gigi untuk terkena karies mencapai titik maksimum setelah 2 – 3 tahun pasca erupsi. Gigi Molar permanen pertama dapat menggambarkan kondisi keparahan karies dalam rongga mulut sebagai gigi permanen yang tumbuh pertama kali. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan jenis dan frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat terhadap karies gigi Molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun. Metode: Desain studi cross sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 109 anak yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat dan kudapan dengan karies gigi Molar satu permanen. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) digunakan untuk mengukur frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat dan pemeriksaan klinis karies gigi Molar satu permanen menggunakan ICDAS. Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara frekuensi konsumsi karbohidrat makanan utama dan karbohidrat kudapan terhadap karies gigi Molar satu permanen anak usia 8- 9 tahun

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Carbohydrates are the most important source of energy needed during a child's growth. Carbohydrates are the most important factor in the process of caries. The prevalence of caries in Indonesia for the 5-9 years age group based on RISKESDAS 2018 is 92.6%. Tooth susceptibility to caries reaches its maximum point after 2 to 3 years after eruption. The first permanent Molars can describe the condition of the severity of caries in the oral cavity as a permanent tooth that grows first. Aim: To analyse the relationship between type and frequency of carbohydrate consumption against caries of permanent first Molar teeth in children aged 8 – 9 years. Method: Cross sectional study design. There were 109 study subjects, selected using purposive sampling. The variable used aims to analyse the relationship between the frequency of carbohydrate consumption and snacks with dental caries for permanent first Molar. food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used to measure the frequency of carbohydrate consumption and clinical examination of dental permanent first Molar teeth using ICDAS. Conclusion: there is no significant relationship between the frequency of carbohydrate as main course consumption and carbohydrate as snacks on dental caries in permanent first Molar children aged 8- 9 years"

"Background: Protein is one of the nutrients that teeth need during growth, maturation and, after eruption. Protein consists of plantprotein and animal protein. Plantprotein has the highest average percentage of daily protein consumption inIndonesia.Plantprotein is found in nuts, tofu, and tempeh. The content of food sources of plantprotein has many benefits that are good for oral health.At the age of 8-9 years permanent first molar teeth have erupted they can experience caries within 1-2 years after eruption because of their morphological and functional characteristics. In children, dental caries is one of the most frequent chronic infectious diseases occur and have close links with nutrition.While snacks may also contribute to oral health problems.Aim: To determine the relationship between the level of consumption of plant protein and cariogenic food with the occurrence of permanent dental first molar teeth in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study isa cross-sectional observational analytic study. The subjects of the study were 109 children aged 8-9 years who were studying State Primary School in Central Jakarta. Teeth examined for permanent first molar teeth that have been erupted. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire and caries assessment using classification (ICDAS). Result:.The results of the study showed the frequency distribution of caries as follows; 1.8% caries free, 63.3% enamel caries, and 34.9% dentin-pulp caries. Meanwhile, consumption of vegetable protein with caries depth and consumption of snack foods with depth of caries both showed very weak correlation results (r = 0.00-0.199) and there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05).Conclusion: There is a very weak correlation between consumption of vegetable protein and snack food with the depth of caries in permanent first molars in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta, and there is no statistically significant difference"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Saat ini, masih banyak ibu yang belum melakukanperawatan pada gigi anaknya yang mengalami trauma gigi. Penelitiansebelumnya menyatakan bahwa kondisi sosiodemografi ibu (pendapatan,jarak tempat tinggal-fasilitas kesehatan, orang yang berpengaruh)mempengaruhi keputusan ibu dalam perawatan kesehatan anak. Tujuan:Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status sosiodemografi ibu dan keputusanperawatan pada kasus trauma gigi anterior anak. Metode: Studi analitikpotong lintang. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 50 ibu dari anak yang mengalamitrauma gigi permanen anterior usia 8-12 tahun di sekolah dasar negeri diJohar Baru, Jakarta Pusat. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara aspeksosiodemografi pendapatan, jarak rumah dan orang yang mempengaruhi ibudengan keputusan perawatan trauma pada gigi permanen anterior anak(p<0,05).

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ABSTRACTBackground: Nowadays, most mothers have not seek the treatment onchildren’s traumatized permanent anterior teeth. Previous research stated thatmothers’ sociodemographic conditions (income, home-health facilitydistance, influencing person) affect mothers’ decision of children health care.Aim: Determine the relationship between mothers’ sociodemographic statusand treatment decisions on children’s traumatized permanent anterior teeth.Method: Cross-sectional analytic study. Research subjects were 50 mothersof children aged 8-12 years old with traumatized permanent anterior teeth inpublic elementary school at Johar Baru, Central Jakarta. Result: There is arelationship between sociodemographic aspects of income, home-healthfacility distance, and influencing person with trauma care decisions onpermanent anterior teeth of children (p<0.05)."

"ABSTRAKTujuan: mengetahui perbedaan video animasi dan non-animasi dalam meningkatkanketerampilan menyikat gigi anak tunagrahita ringan. Metode: studi eksperimentaldengan mengedukasi 30 anak tunagrahita usia 6-18 tahun menggunakan videoselama 21 hari dan pemeriksaan oleh peneliti setiap minggu. Hasil: setelah 3 mingguterjadi peningkatan (68,75% dan 50%) keterampilan menyikat gigi, penurunan skorindeks plak (68,75% dan 50%) dan kematangan plak (62,5% dan 35,71%) bermaknapada kelompok intervensi A dan intervensi B. Kesimpulan: tidak ada perbedaanantara efektivitas video animasi dan non-animasi dalam meningkatkan keterampilanmenyikat gigi anak tunagrahita. Video efektif meningkatkan keterampilan menyikatgigi anak tunagrahita dengan adanya penurunan plak bermakna.

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ABSTRACTAim: to know differences between animated and non-animated video in improvingtoothbrushing skill of children with intellectual disability. Method: experimentalstudy by educate 30 children aged 6-18 with intellectual disability using video for 21days and reasearcher evaluating every week. Result: there’s significant improvement(68,75% and 50%) of toothbrushing skill, reduction of plaque index (68,75% and50%) and plaque maturity score (62,5% and 35,71%) in intervention A and B groupafter 3 weeks. Conclusion: no significant differences between animated and nonanimatedvideo’s effectiveness in improving their toothbrushing skills.Video iseffective to improve toothbrushing skill on children with intellectual disability bydecreasing plaque score."

"ABSTRAKTujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan video animasi dan video nonanimasi sebagai media pendidikan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan anak tunagrahita ringan mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Metode: Subjek penelitian adalah 20 siswa SDLB Ar-Rahman diberikan edukasi menggunakan video animasi dan 14 siswa SDLB Mahardika menggunakan video non-animasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pre and post test design. Hasil: Ada perbedaan bermakna antara peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi (p=0.000). Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara peningkatan pengetahuan menggunakan video animasi dengan menggunakan video nonanimasi (p=0.457). Kesimpulan: Video animasi dan non-animasi tidak memiliki perbedaan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anaktunagrahita ringan.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the differences between animated and non-animated video as a medium of education in improving the knowledge of mild mental retardation children about their oral health. Methods: The subjects were 20 students of SLB Ar-Rahman, who were given education using animated video and 14 students of SLB Mahardika who were given education using non-animated video. This study used a pre and post test design. Results: There are significant differences in improvement of knowledge between before and after education (p=0.000). However, there are no significant difference between the increase in knowledge using animated viedo and using non-animated videos (p=0457).Conclusion: animated and non-animated video does not have a difference in improving the oral health knowledge on mild mental retardation children."

"Modelling dan Tell-Show-Do termasuk dalam metode tata laksana perilaku kecemasan dental anak. Video efektif digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan setelah penayangan video restorasi gigi anak yang diujikan pada usia 10-11 tahun. Responden berjumlah 66 anak dengan pengukuran tingkat kecemasan menggunakan Facial Image Scale modifikasi. Penelitian terdiri dari uji kualitatif terhadap kuisioner dan video dan uji kuantitatif terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dengan batas kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan setelah penayangan video restorasi gigi anak. Video tidak menimbulkan tingkat kecemasan yang lebih buruk.

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Modelling and Tell Show Do are included as child dental anxiety management. Video is effective to be used in health field. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of anxiety level before and after video viewing for children aged 10 11 years. The study was divided into qualitative test for validating Modified FIS and video, and quantitative test for anxiety level on 66 children. Statistical analysis was using Wilcoxon test with significance level of 0.05. The results showed significant difference between anxiety level before and after child dental restoration video viewing. The video does not cause worse anxiety level. "

"Anomali gigi merupakan gangguan tumbuh kembang yang umum dialami oleh penyandang sindroma Down, terdiri dari anomali jumlah, ukuran, bentuk dan struktur. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi anomali gigi pada penyandang sindroma Down di Jakarta. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional pada 174 penyandang sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil: Anomali jumlah hipodonsia 80.90 , supernumerari 6.74 dan kombinasi hipodonsia dan supernumerari 12.36 . Anomali ukuran mikrodonsia 98.81 dan makrodonsia 1.19 . Anomali bentuk fusi 66.675 dan talon cusp 33.33 . Anomali struktur hipoplasia enamel 70.83 , hipokalsifikasi enamel 12.50 , kombinasi hipoplasia dan hipokalsifikasi enamel 4.17 dan diskolorasi gigi 12.50. Kesimpulan: Penyandang sindroma Down di SLB C Jakarta menampilkan prevalensi anomali gigi yang cukup tinggi dengan hipodonsia dan mikrodonsia sebagai anomali paling sering terjadi serta menunjukkan kecenderungan pada laki-laki.

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Dental anomaly is a common developmental disorder experienced by people with Down syndrome consisting of number, size, shape and structure anomalies.

Aim: This research aims to describe the frequency distribution of number, size, shape and dental anomalies structure in people with Down syndrome aged 14 years and above in Jakarta.

Method: The method of this research is descriptive with cross sectional design done on 174 people with Down syndrome aged 14 years and above chosen with purposive sampling technique.

Result: Anomalies of number hypodontia 80.90, supernumerary 12.36 and combination of hypodontia and supernumerary 12.36. Anomalies of size microdontia 98.81 and macrodontia 1.19. Anomalies of shape fusion 66.67 and talon's cusp 33.33 Anomalies of structure enamel hypoplasia 70.83 , enamel hypocalcification 4.17, combination of enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification 12.50 and tooth discoloration 12.50.

Conclusion: People with Down syndrome in SLB C Jakarta showed a high prevalence of dental anomalies with hypodontia and microdontia as the most common anomalies that have a tendency in boys."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Sindroma Down SD merupa kan kelainan genetik yang disebabkan oleh trisomi kromosom nomor 21. Kelainan ini menyebabkan abnormalitas pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan orokraniofasial. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang distribusi frekuensi klasifikasi maloklusi Angle dan profil jaringan lunak wajah Subtelny pada penyandang Sindroma Down di Jakarta. Metode: Deskriptif potong lintang, partisipan penelitian adalah penyandang Sindroma Down yang bersekolah di Sekolah Luar Biasa di Jakarta. Klasifikasi maloklusi Angle ditentukan melalui pemeriksaan klinis, profil jaringan lunak wajah ditentukan melalui pengukuran sudut nasion N, subnasal Sn dan pogonion Pog pada foto profil digital. Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 40 penyandang Sindroma Down dengan rentang usia 14-41 tahun. Klasifikasi maloklusi Angle kelas I ditemukan pada 14 orang 35, maloklusi Angle kelas II ditemukan pada 3 orang 7,5 dan maloklusi Angle kelas III ditemukan pada 23 orang 57,5 . Profil jaringan lunak wajah datar ditemukan pada 13 orang 32,5, profil jaringan lunak wajah cembung ditemukan pada 3 orang 7,5 dan profil jaringan lunak wajah cekung ditemukan pada 24 orang 60. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas penyandang Sindroma Down memiliki klasifikasi maloklusi Angle kelas III dan profil jaringan lunak wajah cekung.

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ABSTRACTBackground Down Syndrome is genetically abnormality on chromosome 21. Phenotipically the abnormality was characterized by the defect on orocraniofacial growth. Aim The aim of this research was to describe frequency distribution Angles malocclusion classification and soft tissue facial profile of Subtelny on people with Down Syndrome in Jakarta. Method Descriptive study with cross sectional design, people with Down Syndrome age 14 41 years old in Sekolah Luar Biasa Special Schools in Jakarta was used as participants for this study. Angles malocclusion classification was determined by clinical examination, soft tissue profile was by measuring angle of soft tissue nasion N, subnasal Sn and pogonion Pog rsquo on digital profile picture. Results Result showed that Angles malocclusion classification class I was found in 14 people 35, Angles malocclusion class II was found in 3 people 7,5 and Angle rsquo s malocclusion class III was found in 23 people 57,5. Flat soft tissue facial profile was found in 13 people 32,5, convex soft tissue facial profile was found in 3 people 7,5 and concave soft tissue facial profile was found in 24 people 60. Conclusion Predominantly people with Down Syndrome has class III Angles malocclusion and concave soft tissue facial profile."