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Abstrak :
Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessel accompanied by the presence of leukocytes on the vascular wall, followed by structural damage. It often involves the liver and gastrointestinal system, with manifestations of hematemesis and melena. We report a case of hematesis and melena due to leukocytoclastic vasculitis due to the use of antibiotics.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Background: with the increasing number of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with complex coronary lesion and the increasing needs of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures, there is an increasing need for a tool to perform early stratification in high-risk patients, which can be used in daily clinical practice, even at first-line health care facilities setting in Indonesia. It is expected that early stratification of highrisk patients can reduce morbidity and mortality rate in patients with ACS. This study aimed to identify diagnostic accuracy of platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the optimum cut-off point of PLR as a screening tool for identifying a complex coronary lesion in patients ≤45 and >45 years old. Methods: this was a retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at the ICCU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Data was obtained from medical records of adult patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography between January 2012 - July 2015. The inclusion criteria were adult ACS patients (aged ≥18 years old), diagnosed with ACS and underwent coronary angiography during hospitalization. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-). The cut-off point was determined using ROC curve. Results: the proportion of ACS patients with complex coronary lesion in our study was 47.2%. The optimum cut-off point in patients aged ≤45 years was 111.06 with sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR of 91.3%, 91.9%, 11.27 and 0.09, respectively. The optimum cut-off points in patients aged >45 years was 104.78 with sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR of 91.7%, 58.6%, 2.21 and 0.14, respectively. Conclusion: the optimum cut-off point for PLR in patients aged ≤ 45 years is 111.06 and for patients with age >45 years is 104.78 with diagnostic accuracy, represented by AUC of 93.9% (p<0.001) and 77.3% (p<0.001), respectively for both age groups.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : untuk mengetahui kejadian VTE pada pasien Indonesia yang menjalani bedah ortopedi mayor dan tidak menerima tromboprofi laksis. Metode Uji klinik terbuka pada pasien Indonesia yang menjalani bedah ortopedi mayor, dilakukan di 3 senter di Jakarta. Venografi bilateral dilakukan antara 5 dan 8 hari pasca bedah untuk menemukan VTE yang asimptomatik dan memastikan VTE yang simptomatik. Pasien dievaluasi hingga 1 bulan pasca bedah. Hasil Telah diteliti 17 pasien dengan median usia 69 tahun dan 76,5% di antaranya perempuan. Enam belas dari 17 pasien (94,1%) menjalani bedah fraktur panggul. Median waktu antara fraktur dengan tindakan adalah 23 hari (antara 2 sampai 197 hari), median lamanya tindakan bedah 90 menit (antara 60 sampai 255 menit), dan median lamanya imobilisasi 3 hari (antara 1 sampai 44 hari). Tiga belas dari 17 pasien menjalani venografi kontras untuk mendeteksi VTE yang asimtomatik. VTE ditemukan pada 9 dari 13 pasien (69,2%) saat akan keluar dari rumah sakit (RS). VTE yang simtomatik ditemukan pada 3 pasien (23,1%), semuanya dengan tanda-tanda klinis DVT dan tidak seorangpun dengan tanda klinis embolisme paru (PE). Pasien tersebut diobati dengan heparin berat molekul rendah, dilanjutkan dengan antikoagulan oral warfarin. Tidak ada kematian mendadak sampai pasien keluar dari RS. Tidak ada kasus VTE simtomatik baru sejak keluar dari RS sampai 1 bulan kemudian. Tidak ditemukan kematian mendadak, komplikasi pendarahan, ataupun perawatan ulang di RS dalam studi ini. Kesimpulan Insidens VTE asimtomatik sebesar 69,2% dan simtomatik 23,1% setelah bedah ortopedi mayor tanpa tromboprofi laksis. Studi yang lebih besar dibutuhkan untuk memastikan insidens yang benar, dan yang lebih penting, untuk menggunakan tromboprofi laksis pada pasien-pasien ini.

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Aim To estimate the incidence of VTE in Indonesian patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery and not receiving thromboprophylaxis. Methods This was an open clinical study of consecutive Indonesian patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery, conducted in 3 centers in Jakarta. Bilateral venography was performed between days 5 and 8 after surgery to detect the asymptomatic and to confi rm the symptomatic VTE. These patients were followed up to one month after surgery. Results A total of 17 eligible patients were studied, which a median age of 69 years and 76.5% were females. Sixteen out of the 17 patients (94.1%) underwent hip fracture surgery (HFS). The median time from injury to surgery was 23 days (range 2 to 197 days), the median duration of surgery was 90 minutes (range 60 to 255 minutes), and the median duration of immobilization was 3 days (range 1 to 44 days). Thirteen out of the 17 patients were willing to undergo contrast venography. A symptomatic VTE was found in 9 patients (69.2%) at hospital discharge. Symptomatic VTE was found in 3 patients (23.1%), all corresponding to clinical signs of DVT and none with clinical sign of PE. These patients were treated initially with a low molecular weight heparin, followed by warfarin. Sudden death did not occur up to hospital discharge. From hospital discharge until 1-month follow-up, there were no additional cases of symptomatic VTE. No sudden death, bleeding complication, nor re-hospitalization was found in the present study. Conclusion The incidence of asymptomatic (69.2%) and symptomatic (23.1%) VTE after major orthopedic surgery without thromboprophylaxis in Indonesian patients (SMART and AIDA), and still higher than the results of the Western studies. A larger study is required to establish the true incidence, and more importantly, that the use of thromboprophylaxis in these patients is warranted.

Abstrak :
Background: cardiac function in patients with septic shock at the cellular level can be assessed by measuring troponin I and NT Pro BNP levels. Venous oxygen saturation is measured to evaluate oxygen delivery and uptake by organ tissue. Our study may provide greater knowledge and understanding on pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorder in patients with septic shock. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of echocardiography, cardiovascular biomarkers, venous oxygen saturation and renal function as predictors of mortality rate in patients with septic shock. Methods: this is a prospective cohort study in patients with infections, hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) and serum lactate level of > 2 mmol/L. On the first and fifth days, septic patients underwent echocardiography and blood tests. Statistical analysis used in our study included t-test or Mann-Whitney test for numeric data and chi-square test for nominal data of two-variable groups; while for multivariate analysis, we used Cox Regression model. Results: on 10 days of observation, we found 64 (58%) patients died and 47 (42%) patients survived. The mean age of patients was 48 (SD 18) years. Patients with abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) had 1.6 times greater risk of mortality than those with normal LVEF (RR 1.6; p = 0.034). Patients with abnormal troponin I level showed higher risk of mortality as many as 1.6 times (RR: 1.6; p = 0.004). Patients with impaired renal function had 1.5 times risk of mortality (RR 1.5; p = 0.024). Patients with abnormal troponin I level and/or impaired renal function showed increased mortality risk; however, those with normal troponin I level and impaired renal function also showed increased mortality risk. Multivariate analysis revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction and troponin I level may serve as predictors of mortality in patients with septic shock. (HR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.099 - 3.956 ; p = 0.047 and HR: 1.83 ; 95%CI: 1.049 - 3,215 ; p = 0.043). Conclusion: left ventricular ejection fraction and biomarkers such as troponin I level are predictors of mortality in septic shock patients.