Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Perawakan pendek pada usia prasekolah dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosiodemografi, sanitasi dan lingkungan serta environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). Etiologi perawakan pendek sebagian besar adalah varian normal, sedangkan varian patologis hanya 1,3-13,9%. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dan environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) terhadap terjadinya perawakan pendek usia prasekolah. Metode: Penelitian ini berbasis komunitas dengan disain potong lintang pada 70 balita riwayat perawakan pendek studi retrospective cohort yang saat ini usia 4 tahun 10 bulan - 5 tahun 9 bulan di 5 kelurahan wilayah DKI Jakarta. Subjek didapat secara total sampling. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, antropometrik subjek dan orang tua, usia tulang, dan pemeriksaan tinja (parasit, calprotectin dan alfa1 antitripsin) sebagai biomarker EED, sebagai penanda adanya gut integrity. Etiologi perawakan pendek diperoleh dengan pendekatan algoritma diagnosis perawakan pendek. Hasil: Proporsi perawakan pendek pada anak usia prasekolah dengan riwayat perawakan pendek sebesar 44,3%, (pendek 40,0% dan sangat pendek 4,3%) dan didapatkan lelaki lebih banyak. Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya perawakan pendek adalah pendidikan ibu yang rendah. EED positif pada 41,9% dan parasit positif pada 57,1% subjek perawakan pendek serta jenis parasit yang ditemukan adalah Blastocystis hominis. Berdasarkan algoritma diagnosis perawakan pendek didapatkan perawakan pendek terbanyak adalah varian normal 93,6% (perawakan pendek konstitusional 83,9% dan familial 9,7%) dan patologis (malnutrisi dan /infeksi kronis, atau stunting) hanya 6,4%. Simpulan: Faktor sosiodemografi yang paling berhubungan adalah pendidikan ibu sedangkan EED tidak memengaruhi terjadinya perawakan pendek. Proporsi perawakan pendek usia prasekolah sebesar 44,3% dan terbanyak adalah varian normal Background: Short stature at preschool age is influenced by sociodemographic factors, sanitation, the surrounding environment and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). Etiology of short stature is mostly a normal variant, while pathological variants are only 1.3 to 13.9%. Objective: To determine the influence of sociodemographic factors and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) on short stature in preschool children and etiological factors of short stature in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study base on community at 5 urban areas in DKI Jakarta Indonesia, from January 2018 to June 2019. Seventy preschool children of short stature retrospective cohort studies, ranging 4 years 10 months to 5 years 9 months presenting with short stature were studied. Subjects were obtained by total sampling. Data collected from anthropometric measurements of subject and parents, bone age and stool examination are performed; parasites, calprotectin and alpha1 antitrypsin as biomarkers of EED or gut integrity. The etiology of short stature is obtained by the algorithm approach to short stature diagnosis. Results: The proportion of short stature in preschool children with a history of short stature was 44.3%, (short stature at 40.0% and very short stature at 4.3%) and were found in more boys. The most influential risk factor for the occurrence of short stature is due to low education mother. EED positive was 41.9%, positive parasites was 57.1%, and the type of parasite found was Blastocystis hominis, respectively. Based on the algorithm of short stature diagnosis, the most short stature found in normal variants was 93.6% which is constitutional delay of growth (83.9%), familial (9.7%) and pathological (stunting) 6.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The most influential sociodemographic factor is low education of mother, while EED does not significant to occurrence of short stature. The proportion of short stature preschool children were 44.3% and most in the normal variant.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Kecerdasan anak ditentukan nature dan nurture. Pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak penting termasuk kecerdasan. Dengan kecerdasan anak yang tinggi tumbuh kembang optimal anak dapat tercapai. Pengukuran kecerdasan yang banyak digunakan adalah WISC yang dilakukan oleh psikolog yang terlatih. Penyebaran psikolog anak belum tersebar merata di seluruh daerah Indonesia. Karena itu perlu suatu alat tes kecerdasan yang mampu memprediksi kecerdasan yang dapat dilakukan oleh dokter spesialis anak.Tujuan: Memilih metode pengukuran perkembangan kognitif pada anak usia sekolah. Mengetahui karakteristik perkembangan kognitif yang diukur berdasarkan CIID dan WISC. Menilai korelasi antara CIID dengan WISC.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang cross sectional pada anak 6-12 tahun di SDN 03 Menteng Jakarta Pusat pada 30 Maret - 4 Mei 2017. Sampel dipilih secara stratified random sampling dan dilakukan uji WISC dan CIID. Analsis dilakukan dengan korelasi Pearson dan persamaan regresi linier. Karakteristik demografi dianalisis univariat.Hasil: Terdapat 145 subyek terdiri dari laki-laki 66/145 45,5 , perempuan 79/145 54,5 . Hasil uji CIID ST didapatkan 30-95, dengan rerata dan simpang baku 57,96 14.01. Hasil uji WISC IQ total rentang 83-141, dengan rerata dan simpang baku 105,72 10,33. Koefisien korelasi r skor nonverbal CIID dan IQ performa WISC, sebesar 0,352 p < 0,0001 , adapun untuk skor verbal CIID dan IQ verbal WISC, r = 0,409 p < 0,0001 , untuk skor total CIID dan IQ total WISC r = 0,452 p < 0,0001 .Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan moderat dengan pola positif yang signifikan, antara skor nonverbal CIID dengan IQ performa WISC, skor verbal CIID dengan IQ verbal WISC, dan skor total CIID dengan IQ total WISC. ......Background A child rsquo s intelligence is determined by nature and nurture. The monitoring of child growth and development is substantial including intelligence. The widely utilized intelligence measurement instrument is WISC performed by trained, certified psychologists. The spread of psychologists specializing in children has not spread evenly all across the country. Hence, an alternative yet reliable intelligence measurement instrument is required to predict children rsquo s intelligence performable by pediatricians.Aim To opt a method of measuring cognitive development in school aged children. To determine the characteristics of cognitive development measured according to CIID and WISC. To assess the correlation between CIID and WISC.Method This research is a correlation test research with cross sectional design which was conducted on March 30th, 2017 up to May 4th, 2017 at SDN 03 Menteng, Central Jakarta. All children included in the study were tested using WISC and CIID. Thereafter, all datas acquired were analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation test and linear regression equation in order to determine the correlation between CIID and WISC. The demographic characteristics were analyzed using univariate analysis.Result Analysis was conducted on 145 subjects obtained male 66 145 45.5 , female 79 145 54.5 . The results of the CIID ST test range 30 95, with a mean and SD of 57,96 14.01. Corelation coeffisien for nonverbal CIID and WISC IQ performance was 0,352 p 0,0001 , for verbal CIID and WISC IQ verbal r 0,409 p 0,0001 , for total CIID score and WISC total IQ r 0,452 p 0,0001 .Conclusion There were moderate positive significant correlation between nonverbal CIID and WISC performance IQ, verbal CIID score and WISC verbal IQ and total CIID score and WISC total IQ

Abstrak :

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) merupakan penyakit terbanyak pada anak dan remaja pada gangguan saluran cerna fungsional dengan subtipe diare, konstipasi, campuran dan unclassified. Mekanisme patofisiologi belum jelas dan memerlukan pembuktian adanya keterlibatan organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui epidemiologi IBS, peran infestasi Blastocystis hominis dan integritas mukosa usus dalam etiopatogenesis IBS, dampak IBS terhadap kualitas hidup, serta membuat sistem model prediksi IBS pada remaja.

Penelitian ini berbasis komunitas dengan pendekatan potong lintang komparatif dua kelompok pada remaja dari enam SMA di Palembang. Kriteria Roma III digunakan untuk menegakkan diagnosis IBS beserta kuesioner untuk menentukan faktor risiko. Secara multistage random sampling dibandingkan 70 subjek IBS dan 70 subjek nonIBS. Dilakukan pencatatan riwayat medis, pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan parasit dan biomarker tinja serta kuesioner IBSQOL. Pemeriksaan tinja segar dengan mikroskop untuk mengetahui infestasi Blastocystis hominis. Pemeriksaan kadar alfa-1 antitripsin dan kalprotektin tinja dengan ELISA untuk melihat adanya gangguan integritas mukosa usus. Dampak IBS terhadap kualitas hidup dinilai dengan kuesioner IBSQOL.

Terdapat  454 subjek dengan prevalens IBS 30,2%, terdiri dari subtipe terbanyak yaitu subtipe diare 36,5%, dan yang paling sedikit subtipe konstipasi 18,9%. Uji regresi logistik mendapatkan faktor risiko utama IBS adalah dibully, perempuan, usia 14–16 tahun, riwayat konstipasi, makan tiga jenis kacang, minuman kemasan, dan riwayat diare (kisaran OR 2,86–1,81). Blastocystis hominis ditemukan pada masing-masing grup sebesar 51,4 vs. 28,6%, dengan perbedaan bermakna (p = 0,006). Tidak ada hubungan bermakna untuk kerusakan mukosa (p = 0,734), tetapi bermakna dengan inflamasi usus (p = 0,039). Terbukti IBS secara bermakna menyebabkan rendahnya kualitas hidup (p = 0,001). Didapatkan 2 model prediksi skoring, yaitu model 1 yang dapat diaplikasikan pada layanan kesehatan primer yang bertujuan sebagai uji tapis dengan menilai faktor risiko. Model 2 diperuntukkan sebagai layanan terapi terkait infestasi Blastocystis pada layanan kesehatan tersier.

Simpulan, prevalens IBS pada remaja di Palembang tinggi dan memiliki faktor risiko utama dibully, perempuan, usia 14–16 tahun, riwayat konstipasi, makan 3 jenis kacang, minuman kemasan, riwayat diare. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara Blastocystis hominis dan inflamasi usus dengan kejadian IBS pada remaja, serta dampaknya terhadap kualitas hidup membutuhkan penanganan yang komprehensif.

Kata kunci: Blastocystis hominis, integritas mukosa usus, irritable bowel syndrome, kualitas hidup, remaja

---

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder and commonly present in children and adolescences, presented as diarrhoea, constipation, mixed or unclassified type. The pathophysiological mechanisms of  IBS are unclear, and still challenging to determine organic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of IBS, the role of Blastocystis hominis infestation and intestinal mucosal integrity in the etiopathogenesis of IBS, the impact of quality of lifes, and apply a scoring system to predict the occurrence of IBS among adolescences.

A community-based survey with comparative cross sectional approach was done from six high schools in Palembang. Subjects were recruited using the multistage random sampling divided into two groups (70 subjects IBS and 70 subjects nonIBS). The Rome III criteria were used to establish a diagnosis of IBS along with a questionnaire to determine risk factors,  analyzed for association with Blastocystis hominis infestation, intestinal mucosal integrity, and its impact on quality of life. Direct microscopic stool examination to identify single Blastocystis infection was performed, followed by culture in Jones’ medium, PCR and Sequencing of 18S rRNA to determine Blastocystis subtype. Examination of antitrypsin alpha-1 and fecal calprotectin levels by ELISA was done  to determine impaired intestinal mucosal integrity. Impact of IBS on quality of life was done with the IBSQOL questionnaire.

Of the 454 subjects, the prevalence of IBS was 30.2%, consisting of diarrhea subtypes 36.5%, 21.9% mixed, 22.6% Unclassified and 18.9% constipation. The major risk factors for IBS were bullying, girls, ages 14–16 years, history of constipation, eat three kinds of nuts, drink beverages, and history of diarrhea (range OR 2.86–1.81). Blastocystis hominis was detected in each group of 51.4 vs. 28.6% (p = 0.006). There was no significant association for intestinal mucosal permeability (p = 0.734), but it was significant with intestinal inflammation (p = 0.039). Significant impairment of quality of life among IBS adolescences was found (p = 0.001). The IBS prediction score model had 2 models. Model 1 is more applicable in primary health care for sreening IBS based on risk factors. Model 2 only usable for tertiary health care, as management of Blastocystis infestation.

Conclusion, the prevalence IBS among adolescence was high with major risk factors to IBS consisted of bullying, female gender, age between 14–16 years, previous illness of constipation, diet three nuts, drink beverages, previous illness diarrhoea. Significant association with Blastocystis hominis infestation, intestinal inflammation were found, comphrehensive management is needed as for its impact on quality of life.

Keywords. Blastocystis hominis, intestinal integrity, irritable bowel syndrome,   quality of life, Adolescences

 

Abstrak :
Pandemi COVID-19 telah menimbulkan tantangan global dalam menghadapi penyebaran virus SARS-CoV-2. Vaksinasi menjadi strategi efektif dalam mengurangi penyebaran virus dan dampak COVID-19 pada kesehatan masyarakat. Platform vaksin yang banyak diberikan di Indonesia antara lain platform virus utuh dan vektor virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis imunitas humoral pasca vaksinasi COVID-19 platform virus utuh dan vektor virus pada orang dewasa. Desain penelitian ini adalah longitudinal dengan pengambilan sampel secara berkala sebanyak 6 kali sebelum dan setelah vaksinasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2021 sampai 2023 di Kota Bogor dan Kabupaten Sleman. Jumlah subjek yang terlibat sebanyak 150 orang pada setiap kelompok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan pengambilan sampel serum. Serum diperiksa untuk binding antibody menggunakan CMIA, antibodi netralisasi menggunakan SvNT, subkelas IgG menggunakan ELISA, dan mediator imunitas seluler menggunakan multipleks ELISA. Dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium pada sampel TP1 didapatkan sebanyak 42% subjek vaksin virus utuh dan 81% subjek vaksin vektor virus positif antibodi SARS-CoV-2. Di antara subjek yang positif mempunyai riwayat gejala sesak napas (100%), demam (89%) dan pilek (82%). Subjek vaksin vektor virus mempunyai tren respons antibodi lebih tinggi dibanding virus utuh. Proporsi subjek positif pada pengukuran antibodi netralisasi selalu lebih tinggi dibanding binding antibody. Berdasarkan imunosenescence, secara umum tidak berbeda bermakna di antara kelompok usia tersebut. Faktor yang secara signifikan memengaruhi respons imun dalam adalah platform vaksin. Respons antibodi tidak berbeda bermakna pada subjek yang mendapatkan vaksin 2 dan 3 dosis, baik pada hasil pengukuran TP1 positif maupun negatif. Pemberian dosis 3 heterolog menimbulkan respons antibodi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan homolog. Analisis statistik pada kedua kelompok penerima vaksin menunjukkan tidak berbeda bermakna pada semua subkelas IgG. Kadar IFN gamma, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 dan TNF alpha pada virus utuh lebih rendah dibandingkan vektor virus Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua platform vaksin mampu menginduksi respons antibodi yang signifikan. Namun, terdapat perbedaan dalam pola dan durasi respons imun antara kedua jenis vaksin. ......The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global challenge with the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce the spread of the virus and the impact of COVID-19 on public health. The research aims to analyse humoral immunity following vaccination with COVID-19 viral platforms and viral vectors in adults. The study design is longitudinal, with samples taken periodically up to 6 times before and after vaccination. The study will be conducted between 2021 and 2023 in Bogor City and Sleman District. The number of subjects involved is 150 people in each group. Data will be collected through interviews and serum sampling. Serum was tested for antibody binding using CMIA, antibody neutralisation using SvNT, subclass IgG using ELISA, and cellular immunity mediators using ELISA multiplex. Laboratory testing of the TP1 sample showed that 42% of the whole inactivated vaccine subjects and 81% of the viral vector subjects were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Those who were positive had a history of shortness of breath (100%), fever (89%) and colds (82%). The proportion of positive subjects in the neutralised antibody measurement is always higher than the antibody binding. Based on immunosenescence, there is generally no difference in significance between these age groups. The factor that significantly affects the immune response within the vaccine is the vaccine platform. The antibody response was not significantly different in subjects who received 2 and 3 doses of the vaccine, both in positive and negative TP1 measurements. The administration of 3 heterologous doses results in a higher antibody response compared to homologous doses. Statistical analysis in both groups showed no significant difference in all IgG subclasses. IFN gamma, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels were lower in the whole inactivated vaccine than in in the viral vector. However, there are differences in the pattern and duration of immune responses between the two vaccines.