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"ABSTRACTBackground: to identify other factors other than the TIMI scores that can be used as predictors of 30-day mortality in STEMI patients by including variables of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and glomerulus filtration rate (GFR) at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 487 STEMI patients who were hospitalized at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo between 2004 and 2013. Sample size was calculated using the rule of thumbs formula. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate method using Coxs Proportional Hazard Regression Model. Subsequently, a new scoring system was developed to predict 30-day mortality rate in STEMI patients. Calibration and discrimination features of the new model were assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow test and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that only two variables in the new score system model were statistically significant, i.e. the Killip class II to IV and GFR with a range of total score between 0 and 4,6. Thirty-day mortality risk stratification for STEMI patient included high, moderate and low risks. The risk was considered high when the total score was >3,5 (46,5%). It was considered moderate if the total score was between 2,5 and 3,5 (23,2%) and low if the total score was <2,5 (5,95%). Both variables of the score had satisfactory calibration (p > 0,05) and discrimination (AUC 0,816 (0,756-0,875; CI 95%). Conclusion: There are two new score variables that can be used as predictors of 30-day mortality risks for STEMI patients, i.e. the Killip class and GFR with satisfactory calibration and discrimination rate."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan:Modifikasi dari kriteria klinis infeksi menurut International Disease Society of America dan International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IDSA-IWGDF) diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik setelah pengobatan. Prokalsitonin (PCT), penanda infeksi yang spesifik untuk infeksi bakteri diketahui bermanfaat dalam menegakkan diagnosis infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik. Namun, peranannya dalam menentukan ada tidaknya infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik setelah pengobatan belum diketahui, begitu juga nilai tambahnya terhadap penanda klinis infeksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kemampuan penanda klinis infeksi menurut IDSA-IWGDF yang dimodifikasi dan PCT dalam mengevaluasi masih ada atau tidaknya infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik setelah pengobatan.Metode:Dilakukan studi potong lintang berbasis riset diagnostik pada penyandang diabetes dengan ulkus kaki terinfeksi yang sedang mendapatkan pengobatan dan perawatan di Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta pada kurun waktu Oktober 2011-April 2012. Pasien yang sudah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian dilakukan penilaian infeksi pada ulkus menggunakan kriteria klinis infeksi menurut IDSA-IWGDF yang dimodifikasi (eritema, edema, nyeri, dan panas) dan pemeriksaan PCT. Kemudian dinilai kemampuannya dalam mengevaluasi masih ada atau tidaknya infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik setelah pengobatan dengan membuat kurva ROC dan menghitung AUC. Lalu ditentukan titik potong dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas terbaik pada penelitian ini yang dibandingkan dengan baku emas berupa pemeriksaan bakteri secara kuantitatif dari kultur jaringan ulkus.Hasil:Dari 47 subjek yang diteliti, terdapat 41 subjek dengan ulkus kaki diabetik yang masih terinfeksi berdasarkan pemeriksaan bakteri secara kuantitatif dari kultur jaringan ulkus. Penanda klinis infeksi menurut IDSA-IWGDF yang dimodifikasi memilki kemampuan prediksi yang baik dalam menentukan masih ada atau tidaknya infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik setelah pengobatan dengan AUC: 0,744 (IK 95% 0,576-0,912) dengan titik potong bila ditemukan ≥2 tanda klinis infeksi (Sn: 41,46%; Sp: 100%; NPP: 100%, NPN: 20%). Sedangkan, untuk prokalsitonin didapatkan AUC: 0,642 (IK 95% 0,404-0,880).Simpulan:Kriteria klinis infeksi menurut IDSA-IWGDF yang dimodifikasi memiliki kemampuan yang baik untuk menentukan masih ada atau tidaknya infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik setelah pengobatan. Belum didapatkan manfaat prokalsitonin dalam mengevaluasi masih ada atau tidaknya infeksi pada ulkus kaki diabetik setelah pengobatan."

"House dust mites (HDM) are an important inhalant allergen in allergic asthma. However, molecular diagnostic study of specific IgE to HDM allergens has not been done in Indonesia. in addition, the association of quantitative specific IgE measurement with asthma severity has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate difference of serum quantitative specific IgE levels induced by Dermatophagoides (D)."

"Background: optimal hydration represents adequate total daily fluid intake to compensate for daily water losses, ensure adequate urine output to reduce the risk of urolithiasis and renal function decline, and also avoid the production of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Twenty four hour urine osmolality has been used to assess hydration status, but it is challenging because of the possibility of spilling urine and limitation of daily activities. This study is aimed to determine the performance of the afternoon urine osmolality to assess the optimal hydration status compared with 24 hour urine osmolality.Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted on healthy employees aged 18-59 years at Universitas Indonesia Medical Faculty/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, with consecutive sampling method. The ROC curve was analyzed to obtain the optimal cut off point and the accuracy of the afternoon urine osmolality in assessing the optimal hydration status.Results: between August-September 2016 there were 120 subjects (73.8% female, median age 32 years) who met the study criteria with a median 24 hour urine osmolality 463.5 (95% CI, 136-1427) mOsm/kg H2O and median afternoon urine osmolality 513 (95% CI, 73-1267). We found moderate correlation (r=0.59; p<0.001) between afternoon urine osmolality and a 24 hour urine osmolality. Using ROC curve, the AUC value was 0.792 (95% CI, 0.708-0.875) with the cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O. To assess the optimal hydration status, the afternoon urine osmolality had the sensitivity of 0.7 (95% CI, 0.585-0.795) and the specificity of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.626-0.857), Likelihood Ratio (LR) (+) 2.917 (95% CI, 1.74-4.889) and LR (-) 0.395 (95% CI, 0.267-0.583).Conclusion: afternoon urine osmolality can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the optimal hydration status in healthy population with cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O, sensitivity of 0.7, and specificity of 0.76."

"ABSTRAKBackground: a freshwater fish Ophiocephalus striatus or known locally to Indonesian as haruan,can potentially increases IGF-1 and albumin levels in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia due to the contents of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on the level of IGF-1 and albumin in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia due to the contents of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on the level of IGF-1 and albumin in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia.Methods: the study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial involving malnourished elderly inpatients (≥60 years old) recovering from acute condition before hospital discharge, with Mini Nutritional Assessment score ≤23.5 and albumin level <3.5 g/dL. A total of 109 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one group received 10 g Ophiocephalus striatus extract per day for 14 days and another group received placebo. Albumin and IGF-1 levels were obtained before and after intervention.Results: ninety subjects completed the study (extract group=45 subjects; placebo group =45 subjects) for 14 days. The median of age were 69 (64;75) years and the male to female ratio were 2 : 3. The changes of IGF-1 and albumin levels from before to after intervention between extract group compared to placebo group were 14.7 (0.30;31.5) ng/mL vs 1.0 (-6;13.15) ng/mL (p=0.002) and 0.5 (0.15;0.70) g/dL vs 0.10 (0.0;0.50) g/dL (p=0.003), respectively. There were significant differences in the improvement of IGF-1 and albumin levels between extract and placebo group.Conclusion: supplementation of Ophiocephalus striatus extract was associated with a significant increase in IGF-1 and albumin levels in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan:Gejala klinis tuberkulosis (TB) pada HIV seringkali tidak khas sehingga diagnosis menjadi sulit. Hal ini mengakibatkan underdiagnosis atau overdiagnosis dengan konsekuensi meningkatnya morbiditas dan mortalitas. Hingga saat ini, gejala dan tanda yang berhubungan dengan diagnosis TB paru belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai diagnostik dari gabungan gejala (batuk, penurunan berat badan, demam, dan rontgen toraks) dalam diagnosis TB paru pada pasien HIV dan nilai tambah biakan MGIT 960 dalam meningkatkan kemampuan diagnosis TB paru pada pasien HIV.Metode:Penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien HIV dengan kecurigaan TB yang datang ke Poli HIV atau pasien ruang rawat Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta dari Oktober 2011 hingga April 2012. Hubungan gejala klinis dan radiologis dengan diagnosis TB (biakan Lowenstein Jensen) dianalisis dengan regresi logistik. Kemudian ditentukan kontribusi masing masing determinan diagnosis terhadap diagnosis TB. Kemampuan biakan MGIT 960 dalam menegakkan diagnosis TB dinilai dengan membuat kurva ROC dan menghitung AUC. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 16.0.Hasil:Subjek penelitian umumnya laki-laki (63%) dengan median usia 32 (rentang 18-52) tahun, status gizi baik (43%), CD4 <50 μl sebanyak 48%. Risiko transmisi terbanyak adalah pengguna narkoba suntik (penasun) (51%). Dari analisis multivariat, demam dan penurunan berat badan mancapai kemaknaan secara statistik. Nilai area under curve (AUC) manifestasi klinis adalah 71,9%. Penambahan biakan BTA MGIT 960 akan meningkatkan AUC 24,9% menjadi 95,7%.Simpulan:Gabungan gejala demam dan penurunan berat badan mampu memprediksi diagnosis TB paru pada pasien HIV. Penambahan biakan BTA MGIT 960 bermanfaat meningkatkan kemampuan gabungan gejala klinis dalam diagnosis TB paru pada pasien HIV."

"ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Alphacalcidol, a vitamin D analog, shows immune regulatory potency as it works on the macrophage and T cell to control inflammation and T cell dysregulation in elderly. None has been known about its effect on elderly with various states of frailty syndrome, which have different level of chronic low grade inflammation. This study aimed to determine the effect of alphacalcidol on inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, g-IFN ) and T cell subsets (CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+ CD28-) of elderly with various stages of frailty syndrome. METHODS: from January to July 2017, a double blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) with allocation concealment, involving 110 elderly subjects from Geriatric Outpatient Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, was conducted to measure the effect of 0.5 mcg alphacalcidol administration for 90 days to inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, g-IFN) from PBMC culture supernatant, as well as CD4/CD8 and CD8+CD28- percentage using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 20 was performed with t-test to measure mean difference. RESULTS: of 110 subjects involved in the RCT consisting of 27 fit, 27 pre-frail and 56 frail elderly, 25(OH)D serum level was found to be as low as 25.59 (12.2) ng/ml in alphacalcidol group and 28.27 (10.4) ng/ml in placebo group. Alphacalcidol did not decrease IL-6 (p=0.4) and g- IFN (p=0.001), but it increased IL-10 (p=0,005) and decreased IL6/IL10 ratio (p=0.008). Alphacalcidol increased CD4/CD8 ratio from 2.68 (SD 2.45) to 3.2 (SD 2.9); p=0.001 and decreased CD8+ CD28- percentage from 5.1 (SD 3.96) to 2.5 (1.5); p<0.001. Sub group analysis showed similar patterns in all frailty states. CONCLUSION: Alphacalcidol improves immune senescence by acting as anti-inflammatory agent through increased IL-10 and decreased IL6/IL-10 ratio and also improves cellular immunity through increased CD4/CD8 ratio and decreased CD8+ CD28- subset in elderly. This effect is not influenced by frailty state."

"Background: HIV infection in HCV-infected patients accelerates disease progression and reduces the success rate of Peg-IFN/RBV treatment. HCV mutation in NS5A-ISDR/PKR-BD region improved the outcome in HCV monoinfection treated with Peg-IFN/RBV. SNP-IL28B polymorphism is predicted to have an effect on HCV quasispecies evolution. However, the role of NS5A mutation and SNP IL-28B in HIV-HCV coinfection is still unclear. The aim of the study is to determine the role of HCV NS5A-ISDR/PKR-BD mutation and SNP IL-28 polymorphism on the successfulness of Peg-IFN/RBV therapy in HCV-HIV coinfection.Methods: prospective cohort was performed in this study. Plasma sample were obtained from 30 and 8 patients with HCV-HIV coinfection and HCV monoinfection, respectively. PCR nucleotide sequencing was performed after RNA virus extraction and cDNA synthesis. Protein secondary structure and prediction of mutation function were analyzed using PredictProtein (PP) program.Results: sixteen HCV-HIV coinfected patients and none from eight HCV patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR). ≥1 non-neutral mutation was found in 24/30 HCV-HIV coinfection and more frequent in SVR group (14 patients). ≥1 non-neutral mutation were found statistically significant for overall SVR achievement (p<0.05) in all patients regardless of coinfection or monoinfection status. Of the 27 HCV-HIV coinfected patients with CC-gene, 21 subjects had non-neutral mutation. The structure which was expected as NS5A binding site structure was different from consensus (wild type) in SVR group, while the structure was similar to consensus in non-SVR group.Conclusion: having ≥1 non-neutral mutation was associated with SVR achievement in Peg-IFN/RBV therapy, regardless of monoinfection and coinfection status."