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"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar oval memiliki tantangan tersendiri karenabentuknya yang ireguler sehingga file tidak dapat berkontak dengan seluruhdinding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan luas dinding saluran akaroval yang tidak terpreparasi dengan gerakan sirkumferensial filing. Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dipreparasi menjadidua kelompok: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next®. Luas sisa tinta cina dianalisisdengan Adobe Photoshop CS6 dan ImageJ. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaanbermakna antara kedua kelompok, namun ProTaper Next® meninggalkan arealebih sedikit dibandingkan Mtwo®. Kesimpulan: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next®tetap meninggalkan area yang tidak terpreparasi pada saluran akar oval.ABSTRACT Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal."

"Latar Belakang: Perforasi merupakan suatu kesalahan yang dapat menyebabkan dampak luas pada perawatan endodontik. Hal ini bisa terjadi saat melakukan akses ke kamar pulpa dan akan melibatkan jaringan periodonsium. Oleh sebab itu perforasi harus segera ditutup untuk meminimalkan terjadinya kontaminasi baik yang terjadi selama perawatan maupun setelah perawatan. Untuk diperlukan bahan yang mempunyai biokompatibilitas baik dan waktu setting yang pendek serta mempunyai kemampuan penutupan yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan kebocoran mikro antara MTA dengan Biodentine sebagai bahan penutup perforasi akses. Metode: Kebocoran mikro dinilai dengan melihat penetrasi zat metilen biru antara bahan restorasi dengan dinding perforasi saluran akar menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Analisis data dengan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menunjukkan hasil tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kebocoran mikro antara Biodentine dan MTA Kesimpulan: Biodentine dan MTA tidak ada perbedaan dalam hal kebocoran mikro yang digunakan sebagai bahan penutup perforasi akses.

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Background: Perforation is one of the most common problem can cause wide effect in endodontic treantment. It happened when operator tried to make an access to the pulp chamber. Contamination to the root canal from the perforation site can decreased the healing abbility, that is why perforation had to be treated as soon as it happened. The aim of this present study was to evaluate microleakage on MTA and Biodentine as material for treat access perforation.

Methods: Microleakage was evaluated by assassed metilen blue penetration between restoration material and perforation site using stereo microscope. The data was analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov.

Results: Based on data analyzing there is no differences between two materials.

Conclusion: MTA and Biodentine had no significant differences on microleakage as a treatment material for access perforation."

"Latar Belakang: Salah satu kunci keberhasilan perawatan regenerasi endodontik adalah disinfeksi dari sistem saluran akar. Bahan irigasi bersifat bakterisid dan mampu mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup sel punca.Tujuan: Membandingkan efek toksik larutan NaOCl 2.5%, EDTA 17%, dan CHX 2% terhadap viabilitas sel punca mesenkim pulpa.Metode: Kultur sel primer dari gigi molar ketiga imatur. Sel punca mesenkim pulpa dideteksi dengan marker STRO-1 menggunakan uji immunofluorescence. Sel dipaparkan dengan bahan uji dan viabilitas sel dihitung dengan uji MTT.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna viabilitas sel punca mesenkim pulpa ketiga larutan dibandingkan kontrol (p ≤ 0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna viabilitas sel antar larutan (p ≥ 0.05).Kesimpulan: Ketiga larutan memiliki efek toksik terhadap viabilitas sel punca mesenkim pulpa.

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Background: One of the key to the success of regeneration endodontic treatment is the disinfection of the root canal system. Irrigation materials not only have bactericidal properties but also able to maintain the viability of stem cells.

Objective: To compare the toxic effects of NaOCl 2.5%, EDTA 17%, and CHX 2% solutions on the viability of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells.

Methods: Primary cultures cells taken from immature third molars. Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells was detected by STRO-1 marker using immunofluorescence assay. Cells were exposed to three solutions and cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay.

Results: There were significant differences from the viability of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells of three solutions when compared with controls (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences from cell viability when compared between solutions (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion: All solutions have toxic effects on the viability of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. P.gingivalis merupakan bakteri periodonsium yang dapatberpindah ke saluran akar pada lesi endoperio kombinasi murni. Jumlah danproporsinya berperan terhadap keparahan penyakit karena sifat virulensinya.Tujuan: Menganalisis jumlah dan proporsi P.gingivalis saluran akar dan poketlesi endoperio kombinasi murni, lesi endo primer, dan lesi perio primer. Metode:16 sampel diambil dari 3 kelompok, kuantifikasi dengan PCR real-time. Hasil:Jumlah P.gingivalis terbesar pada poket lesi perio primer, proporsi P.gingivalisterbesar pada saluran akar lesi endo primer. Jumlah dan proporsi P.gingivalistidak berbeda bermakna antara saluran akar dan poket lesi endoperio kombinasimurni. Kesimpulan. Jumlah dan proporsi P.gingivalis sebanding antara saluran akar dan poket lesi endoperio kombinasi murni.ABSTRACT Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred tothe root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportiontakes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: toanalyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocketof true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primaryperiodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity wasfound in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportionwas found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significantdifferences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets oftrue combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion ofP.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred tothe root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportiontakes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: toanalyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocketof true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primaryperiodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity wasfound in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportionwas found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significantdifferences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets oftrue combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion ofP.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred tothe root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportiontakes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: toanalyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocketof true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primaryperiodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity wasfound in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportionwas found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significantdifferences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets oftrue combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion ofP.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred tothe root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportiontakes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: toanalyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocketof true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primaryperiodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity wasfound in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportionwas found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significantdifferences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets oftrue combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion ofP.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions.;Background : P.gingivalis is a periodontium pathogen that can be transferred tothe root canal of the true combined endoperio lesions. Quantity and proportiontakes part in the severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: toanalyze the quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in the root canals and pocketof true combined endoperio lesions, primary endodontic lesions, and primaryperiodontal lesions. Methods 16 samples were taken from 3 groups,quantification with real-time PCR. Results : P.gingivalis largest quantity wasfound in pockets of primary periodontal lesions, P.gingivalis largest proportionwas found in root canals of primary endodontic lesions. There were no significantdifferences in quantity and proportion of P.gingivalis in root canals and pockets oftrue combined endoperio lesions. Conclusion. Quantity and proportion ofP.gingivalis were comparable between the root canals and pockets of true combined endoperio lesions."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: E.faecalis merupakan bakteri saluran akar yang dapat bermigrasi ke jaringan periodonsium pada lesi endo-perio kombinasi murni.Jumlahnya berperan terhadap keparahan penyakit karena sifat virulensinya. Tujuan: Menganalisis tipe strain dan jumlah E.faecalis di saluran akar dan poketlesi endo-perio kombinasi murni, lesi endo primer, dan lesi perio primer. Metode:16 sampel dari 3 kelompok, analisis strain dengan sequencing dan kuantifikasidengan Real Time PCR. Hasil: Terdapat persamaan strain E.faecali,s jumlahterbesar terdapat pada poket lesi endo-perio kombinasi murni. Tidak berbedabermakna antara saluran akar dan poket pada lesi endo-perio kombinasi murni.Kesimpulan; terdapat strain yang sama dan jumlah E.faecalis sebanding antarasaluran akar dan poket lesi endo-perio kombinasi murni.ABSTRACT Background: E.faecalis is a root canal pathogen that can migrate to periodontal tissue in true combined endo-perio lesion. The quantity of E.faecalis takes part inthe severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: To analyze thestrain type and quantity of E.faecalis taken from root canal and pocket of truecombined endo-perio lesion, primary endodontic lesion and primary periodontallesion. Methods: 16 samples were taken from 3 groups, strain type was analyzedby sequencing and quantification by Real Time PCR. Results: There weresimilarities of E. faecalis strain. The largest number were found in the pockets oftrue combined endo-perio lesion. There were no significant differences betweenroot canal and pocket of true combined endo-perio lesions. Conclusion: Therewere similarities strain and quantity of E. faecalis were equal between root canaland pocket true combined endo-perio lesions. ;Background: E.faecalis is a root canal pathogen that can migrate to periodontal tissue in true combined endo-perio lesion. The quantity of E.faecalis takes part inthe severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: To analyze thestrain type and quantity of E.faecalis taken from root canal and pocket of truecombined endo-perio lesion, primary endodontic lesion and primary periodontallesion. Methods: 16 samples were taken from 3 groups, strain type was analyzedby sequencing and quantification by Real Time PCR. Results: There weresimilarities of E. faecalis strain. The largest number were found in the pockets oftrue combined endo-perio lesion. There were no significant differences betweenroot canal and pocket of true combined endo-perio lesions. Conclusion: Therewere similarities strain and quantity of E. faecalis were equal between root canaland pocket true combined endo-perio lesions. ;Background: E.faecalis is a root canal pathogen that can migrate to periodontal tissue in true combined endo-perio lesion. The quantity of E.faecalis takes part inthe severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: To analyze thestrain type and quantity of E.faecalis taken from root canal and pocket of truecombined endo-perio lesion, primary endodontic lesion and primary periodontallesion. Methods: 16 samples were taken from 3 groups, strain type was analyzedby sequencing and quantification by Real Time PCR. Results: There weresimilarities of E. faecalis strain. The largest number were found in the pockets oftrue combined endo-perio lesion. There were no significant differences betweenroot canal and pocket of true combined endo-perio lesions. Conclusion: Therewere similarities strain and quantity of E. faecalis were equal between root canaland pocket true combined endo-perio lesions. ;Background: E.faecalis is a root canal pathogen that can migrate to periodontal tissue in true combined endo-perio lesion. The quantity of E.faecalis takes part inthe severity of the disease because of its virulence. Objective: To analyze thestrain type and quantity of E.faecalis taken from root canal and pocket of truecombined endo-perio lesion, primary endodontic lesion and primary periodontallesion. Methods: 16 samples were taken from 3 groups, strain type was analyzedby sequencing and quantification by Real Time PCR. Results: There weresimilarities of E. faecalis strain. The largest number were found in the pockets oftrue combined endo-perio lesion. There were no significant differences betweenroot canal and pocket of true combined endo-perio lesions. Conclusion: Therewere similarities strain and quantity of E. faecalis were equal between root canaland pocket true combined endo-perio lesions. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Smear layer dapat menghambat sterilisasi saluran akar dan adaptasi bahan pengisi di sepertiga apeks. Untuk menghilangkannya, selain menggunakan bahan irigasi juga diperlukan teknik irigasi yang yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai hasil pembersihan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks yang diirigasi menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik dan tehnik irigasi manual-dinamik Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar tetap dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik. Kelompok 2 menggunakan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kebersihan dinding saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan menggunakan SEM pada semua kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kelompok 1 dan 2 (p=0,256) Kesimpulan: Kedua jenis teknik irigasi baik sonik maupun manual-dinamik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik. Namun secara deskriptif, teknik irigasi sonik memberikan hasil kebersihan sepertiga apeks yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Smear layer can inhibite sterilization of root canal and adaptation of root canal filling material on apical third of root canal wall. To eliminate it, besides using irrigation materials are also needed proper irrigation techniques. The purpose of this study was to obtain more information of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall irrigated using sonic and manual-dynamic irrigation techniques. Materials and Method: thirty two whole-extracted premolars were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 were irigated sonicly, Group 2 were irrigated with manual-dynamic. The cleanliness of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall from both groups then inspected using SEM. The data obtained were analyzed using Kolmogorov-smirnov test. Results: There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0,256) Conclusion: Both types of irrigation techniques does not show statistically significant difference. But descriptively, sonic irrigation technique provided better result of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall than manual-dynamic irrigation technique."

"Latar Belakang: Tolok ukur baik tidaknya adaptasi tepi restorasi adalah tidak adanya kebocoran pada perbatasan restorasi dan gigi Restorasi resin komposit dapat menimbulkan kebocoran mikro akibat kontraksi saat polimerisasi sehingga terdapat celah antara dinding kavitas dengan resin komposit Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat kebocoran mikro dinding restorasi kelas I antara antara RK bulk fill dengan aktivasi sonik bulk fill tanpa aktivasi sonik dan inkremental Metode: Kavitas kelas I dipreparasi pada dua puluh tujuh gigi premolar rahang atas kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok Kelompok pertama ditumpat dengan RK bulk fill dengan aktivasi sonik kelompok kedua dengan RK bulk fill tanpa aktivasi sonik dan kelompok ketiga dengan RK yang diletakkan secara inkremental Selanjutnya spesimen direndam dalam air distilasi selama 24 jam dan kemudian dilakukan uji thermocycling yang diikuti perendaman dalam biru metilen 1 selama 24 jam Gigi selanjutnya dibelah longitudinal dan dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop stereo pembesaran 12x dan dinilai dalam skala ordinal 0 4 Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik di antara tiga kelompok Kesimpulan Tidak ada satupun dari kelompok RK bulk fill dengan aktivasi sonik bulk fill tanpa aktivasi sonik dan yang diletakkan secara inkremental yang dapat menghilangkan kebocoran mikro pada preparasi kavitas kelas I

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Background: A good marginal adaptation of a restoration can be measured by the absence of microleakage at the interface area Resin composite undergo contraction during polymerization which may result in gap formation between the wall cavity and composite and resulting microleakage The purpose of this study is to analyze the microleakage of class I cavity preparations that were filled with sonic activated bulk fill resin composite bulk fill resin composite without sonic activation and composite that were filled incrementally

Methods: Standardized class I cavities were prepared on 27 extracted human upper premolars and randomly assigned to three groups The first group were filled with sonic activated bulk fill resin composite the second group were filled with bulk fill resin composite without sonic activation and the third group were filled incrementally The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and then subjected to thermocycling followed by immersion in 1 methylene blue dye for 24 hours The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under 12x magnification stereomicroscope and scored in ordinal scale 0 4 Statistical analysis was performed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test

Results: There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups Conclusion None of the the techniques was capable of eliminating the microleakage in class I cavity preparations "

"Smear layer dapat menghambat sterilisasi saluran akar dan adaptasi bahan pengisi di sepertiga apeks. Untuk menghilangkannya, selain menggunakan bahan irigasi juga diperlukan teknik irigasi yang yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai hasil pembersihan dinding saluran akar dari smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks yang diirigasi menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik dan tehnik irigasi manual-dinamik. Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar tetap dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 menggunakan teknik irigasi sonik. Kelompok 2 menggunakan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kebersihan dinding saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan menggunakan SEM pada semua kelompok. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kelompok 1 dan 2 (p=0,256). Kesimpulan: Kedua jenis teknik irigasi baik sonik maupun manual-dinamik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik. Namun secara deskriptif, teknik irigasi sonik memberikan hasil kebersihan sepertiga apeks yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik irigasi manual-dinamik.

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Smear layer can inhibite sterilization of root canal and adaptation of root canal filling material on apical third of root canal wall. To eliminate it, besides using irrigation materials are also needed proper irrigation techniques. The purpose of this study was to obtain more information of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall irrigated using sonic and manual-dynamic irrigation techniques.

Materials and Method: thirty two whole-extracted premolars were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 were irigated sonicly, Group 2 were irrigated with manual-dynamic. The cleanliness of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall from both groups then inspected using SEM. The data obtained were analyzed using Kolmogorov-smirnov test.

Results: There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0,256)

Conclusion: Both types of irrigation techniques does not show statistically significant difference. But descriptively, sonic irrigation technique provided better result of the cleaning of smear layer on apical third of root canal wall than manual-dynamic irrigation technique."

"ABSTRAKKonsep mempertahankan struktur jaringan gigi yang sehat saatini telah berkembang, mengacu pada prinsip intervensi minimal. Metode yang telah dikembangkan sesuai dengan prinsip preparasi minimal yaitu preparasi menggunakan bahan kemomekanis, yaitu Papacarie®. Produk ini mengandung bahan alami utama yaitu enzim papain. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pembuangan infected dentin dengan preparasi kemomekanis menggunakan gel papain dan Papacarie®, dan preparasi mekanis menggunakan instrumen putar bur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kekerasan mikro affected dentin setelah pembuangan infected dentin secara mekanis dan kemomekanis. Metode: Dua puluh tujuh gigi molar tetap dibagi ke dalam tigakelompok. Kelompok 1: pembuangan infected dentin menggunakan tehnikkemomekanis gel papain. Kelompok 2: menggunakan bahan Papacarie®.Kelompok 3: menggunakan instrumen putar bur. Setiap kelompok dilakukan uji kekerasan menggunakan ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan Post-hoc dan Tukey. Hasil:. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dan 3 serta kelompok 2 dan 3, p= 0.000. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dan 2, p= 1.000. Kesimpulan: Kekerasan mikro affected dentin setelahpembuangan infected dentin dengan bur lebih tinggi dibandingkan setelah aplikasi gel papain dan Papacarie®. Sedangkan, kekerasan mikro affected dentin setelah pembuangan infected dentin dengan gel papain hampir sama dengan setelah aplikasi Papacarie®.

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ABSTRACTKonsep mempertahankan struktur jaringan gigi yang sehat saatini telah berkembang, mengacu pada prinsip intervensi minimal. Metode yang telah dikembangkan sesuai dengan prinsip preparasi minimal yaitu preparasi menggunakan bahan kemomekanis, yaitu Papacarie®. Produk ini mengandung bahan alami utama yaitu enzim papain. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pembuangan infected dentin dengan preparasi kemomekanis menggunakan gel papain dan Papacarie®, dan preparasi mekanis menggunakan instrumen putar bur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kekerasan mikro affected dentin setelah pembuangan infected dentin secara mekanis dan kemomekanis. Metode: Dua puluh tujuh gigi molar tetap dibagi ke dalam tigakelompok. Kelompok 1: pembuangan infected dentin menggunakan tehnikkemomekanis gel papain. Kelompok 2: menggunakan bahan Papacarie®.Kelompok 3: menggunakan instrumen putar bur. Setiap kelompok dilakukan uji kekerasan menggunakan ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan Post-hoc dan Tukey. Hasil:. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dan 3 serta kelompok 2 dan 3, p= 0.000. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dan 2, p= 1.000. Kesimpulan: Kekerasan mikro affected dentin setelahpembuangan infected dentin dengan bur lebih tinggi dibandingkan setelah aplikasi gel papain dan Papacarie®. Sedangkan, kekerasan mikro affected dentin setelah pembuangan infected dentin dengan gel papain hampir sama dengan setelah aplikasi Papacarie®."

"Latar Belakang: Profil Data Kesehatan Indonesia 2011 mencatat penyakit pulpa dan periapeks urutan ke-7 penyakit rawat jalan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini memberikan informasi distribusi penyakit pulpa dilihat dari etiologi dan klasifikasi di RSKGM, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Indonesia. Metode: Studi deskritif melalui rekam medik pasien tahun 2009-2013 dengan variabel etiologi dan klasifikasi penyakit pulpa. Hasil: Etiologi paling banyak ditemukan disebabkan karies (98.5%) dan penyakit pulpa paling sering ditemukan adalah nekrosis pulpa (45%). Kesimpulan: Kasus penyakit pulpa pada pasien di RSKGM-FKGUI paling banyak disebabkan oleh karies dan penyakit pulpa paling banyak ditemui adalah nekrosis pulpa.

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Background: Profil Data Kesehatan Indonesia 2011 recorded pulpal and periapical disease as the seventh disease treated in the outpatient in Indonesia.

Aim: This study was to provide information about distribution of pulpal disease based on etiology and classification in RSKGM, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia.

Method: Description study from medical record of patients period 2009-2013 with variable etiology and classification of pulpal disease.

Results: The most found etiology is caries (98.5%) and pulpal disease is necrosis pulp (45%).

Conclusion: Pulpal disease in patients of RSKGM-FKGUI is mostly caused by caries and pulpal disease that mostly found is necrosis pulp."