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Hasil Pencarian

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Krishna Pandu Wicaksono
"Pruritus adalah salah satu komplikasi yang cukup sering ditemui pada pasien hemodialisis. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi untuk terjadinya pruritus adalah tingginya kadar kalsium serum. Kalsium dalam jumlah besar dapat berikatan dengan fosfat membentuk kristal. Kristal ini bila terdeposisi di kulit akan merangsang ujung saraf sehingga menimbulkan gatal. Penelitian kami mencari hubungan antara kadar kalsium serum dengan derajat pruritus dalam VAS.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dan dilakukan pada 108 pasien hemodialisis di Bangsal Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Februari 2009. Setiap pasien dianamnesis untuk dinilai derajat pruritusnya dan diambil data pemeriksaan kadar kalsium serumnya pada bulan Februari 2009. Berdasarkan kadar kalsium serumnya, pasien dibagi menjadi kelompok hiperkalsemia dan normal dengan batas 11 mg/dl. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik untuk menilai hubungan skor VAS pruritus dengan kadar kalsium serum pasien.
Dilakukan juga uji untuk menilai korelasi skor VAS pruritus dengan kadar kalsium serum. Pasien berumur rerata 50,48 ± 13,44 tahun, terdiri dari 57,4% pria dan 42,6% wanita, dan lama HD rerata 2,3 (0,3-17,5) tahun. Sebanyak 54 pasien (50%) mengeluhkan pruritus dengan berbagai derajat. Dengan uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara skor VAS pruritus pada kelompok pasien yang kadar kalsiumnya normal dengan kelompok pasien hiperkalsemia (p<0,001). Dengan uji Spearman ditemukan korelasi positif sedang (r=0,495) yang bermakna (p<0,001) antara kadar kalsium pasien dengan skor VAS pruritus pasien. Disimpulkan bahwa kadar kalsium serum berpengaruh terhadap ada tidaknya dan derajat pruritus pada pasien hemodialisis kronik.

Pruritus is one of the most commonly found complication in hemodialysis patient. One factor that is proposed to be contributing in pruritus is the high serum calcium concentration. High numbers of calcium molecules in the blood may bond with phosphate to form crystals. These crystals, when aggravated in the skin, may stimulate nerve endings and cause pruritic sensation.
In this study, we try to find the association between the severity of pruritus, measured with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), with the concentration of serum calcium. We use croos sectional method for this study. A total of 108 hemodialysis patients in Bangsal Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo were studied in February 2009. Each patient was interviewed for assessment of the level of pruritus. We also noted their data of serum calcium concentration on February 2009. We categorized patients with calcium serum concentration >11 mg/dl into hypercalcemia group and those with calcium serum concentration <11 mg/dl into normal group. The patients have mean age of 50,48 ± 13,44 years and a mean duration of hemodialysis of 2,3 (0,3-17,5) years, 57,4% were male and 42,6% were female.
By Mann-Whitney analysis, there was strong difference between pruritus VAS score of the hypercalcemia groups and the normal group (p<0,001). Also, by Spearmann analysis, there was significant (p<0,001), moderate positive correlation (r=0,495) between serum calcium concentration with the pruritus VAS score. It was concluded that the calcium serum concentration has significant influence on the existence and degree of pruritus in hemodialysis patients.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2009
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Arief Nugraha
"ABSTRAK
Tekanan darah merupakan faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskuler yang mortalitasnya meningkat sampai 20 kali lipat pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis. Pemahaman yang benar mengenai mekanisme yang melibatkan perubahan tekanan darah intradialisis dapat mengarahkan pada
pemilihan tatalaksana yang lebih baik. Kami meneliti pada 108 subjek, yakni pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis 2 kali seminggu minimal selama 3 bulan. Kemudian dilakukan pengambilan data pre dan pascadialisis berdasarkan hasil pengukuran menggunakan sphigmomanometer raksa selama menjalani bulan Februari 2009. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dan dilakukan pada 108 pasien hemodialisis di Bangsal
Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Februari 2009.
Berdasarkan perubahan tekanan darah intradialisis, pasien dibagi menjadi kelompok peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik, peningkatan tekanan darah diastolik, penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan penurunan tekanan darah diastolik. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik untuk menilai korelasi perubahan tekanan darah dengan lama menjalani menjalani hemodialisis. Pasien berumur rerata 50,4 ± 13,4 tahun, terdiri dari 57% pria dan 43% wanita, dan lama menjalani HD rerata 3,73 ± 3,8 tahun. Dengan uji Pearson didapatkan korelasi positif yang bermakna antara lama menjalani HD dengan peningkatan (p<0.05, r = 0.522) maupun penurunan tekanan darah sistolik (p<0.05,r = 0.912). Disimpulkan bahwa lama menjalani HD
mempengaruhi derajat peningkatan maupun penurunan tekanan darah sistolik intradialisis

ABSTRACT
Blood pressure is a determinant factor of cardiovascular disease and its mortality is 20 times greater in hemodialysis patients. A greater understanding of the mechanisms involved leads to more rational treatment and better BP control. In this study, we selected 108 patients that has already undergo hemodialysis twice a week for at least three months in Bangsal Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo in February 2009. We categorized patients into
intradialytic systolic blood pressure increase, intradialytic diastolic blood pressure increase, intradialytic systolic blood pressure decrease, and intradialytic diastolic blood pressure decrease. The patients have mean age of 50,4 ± 13,4 years and a mean duration of hemodialysis of 3,73 ± 3,8 years, 47% were male and 43% were
female. By Pearson analysis, there was significant positive correlation between intradialysis systolic blood pressure increase (p<0.05, r = 0.522) and intradialysis systolic blood pressure decrease (p<0.05, r = 0.912) with hemodialysis duration. It was concluded that duration of hemodialysis was related to intradialytic systolic blood pressure changes."
2009
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Allan Taufiq Rivai
"Hipoalbuminemia merupakan komplikasi yang umum ditemui pada penyakit ginjal kronik. Hemodialisis dapat pula menyebabkan keadaan hipoalbuminemia. Kadar albumin kurang dari 4 g/dl termasuk faktor risiko utama mortalitas pada pasien hemodialisis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui status albumin serum pasien hemodialisis di RSCM pada bulan Februari tahun 2009 dan hubungannya dengan kelompok usia, jenis kelamin dan derajat lama hemodialisis (¡Ü 1 tahun dan > 1 tahun).
Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang. Subjek adalah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSCM pada bulan Februari 2009. Data kadar albumin serum dibagi menjadi dua status, yakni normal dan hipoalbuminemia. Hubungan antara kelompok usia, jenis kelamin derajat lama hemodialisis dan status albumin serum diuji dengan uji chi square (p<0,05).
Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan 108 subjek dengan umur rerata 50,48 (SD 13,44) tahun, terdiri dari 57% pria dan 43% wanita. Median lama hemodialisis 2,3 (0,3-17,5) tahun. Proporsi hipoalbuminemia (kadar albumin serum < 4 g/dl) pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSCM bulan Februari 2009 sebesar 41,7%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kelompok usia (< 50 tahun dan ¡Ý 50 tahun) ataupun jenis kelamin dengan status albumin serum (normal dan hipoalbuminemia). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat lama hemodialisis (¡Ü 1 tahun dan > 1 tahun) dengan status albumin serum pasien hemodialisis di RSCM pada bulan Februari tahun 2009 (OR = 2,56; CI: 1,01 ¨C 6,58). Kadar albumin serum cenderung lebih rendah pada pasien dengan lama hemodialisis satu tahun atau kurang.

Hypoalbuminemia is a common complication in chronic renal disease. Hemodialysis can also cause hypoalbuminemia. Serum albumin level less than 4g/dl is a major risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients. The objective of the study is to know the state of serum albumin of hemodialysis patients in RSCM on February 2009 and its relationship with group age, sex, and degree of hemodialysis duration (¡Ü 1 year and > 1 year).
The design used was cross sectional study. Subjects were patients who undergo hemodialysis in RSCM on February 2009. The data of serum albumin level was categorized into normal or hypoalbuminemia state. The association between group age, sex, and degree of hemodialysis duration with the state of serum albumin were tested using chisquare test (p<0.05).
From the study, there were 108 patients with a mean age of 50.48 (SD 13.44) years old and a median hemodialysis duration of 2.3 (0.3-17.5) years, 57% were male and 43% were female. Proportion of hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin level < 4 g/dl) in patients who undergo hemodialysis in RSCM on February 2009 is 41.7%. There are no significant relationship between group age (< 50 years old and ¡Ý 50 years old) and sex with the state of serum albumin. The relationship between degree of hemodialysis duration (¡Ü 1 year and > 1 year) and the state of serum albumin is significant (OR = 2.56, CI: 1.01 ¨C 6.58). Serum albumin level tend to be lower in patients who undergo hemodialysis for 1 year or less.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2009
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ignatius Bima Prasetya
"Pruritus merupakan komplikasi yang cukup mengganggu bagi pasien hemodialisis. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi untuk terjadinya pruritus adalah kadar fosfat serum. Fosfat dalam jumlah besar akan membentuk kristal yang bila terdeposisi di kulit akan menimbulkan gatal. Pada penelitian ini kami membandingkan derajat pruritus yang dinilai dengan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) dengan kadar fosfat serum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dan dilakukan pada 108 pasien hemodialisis di Bangsal Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Februari 2009. Setiap pasien dianamnesis untuk dinilai derajat pruritusnya dan diambil data pemeriksaan kadar fosfat serumnya pada bulan Februari 2009. Berdasarkan kadar fosfat serum, pasien dibagi menjadi kelompok hiperfosfatemia dan normal dengan batas 6,5 mg/dl. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik untuk menilai hubungan skor VAS pruritus dengan kondisi fosfat serum pasien. Dilakukan juga uji untuk menilai korelasi skor VAS pruritus dengan kadar fosfat serum. Pasien berumur rerata 50,48 ± 13,44 tahun, terdiri dari 57,4% pria dan 42,6% wanita, dan lama HD rerata 2,3 (0,3-17,5) tahun. Sebanyak 54 pasien (50%) mengeluhkan pruritus dengan berbagai derajat. Dengan uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara skor VAS pruritus pada kelompok pasien yang kadar fosfatnya normal dengan kelompok pasien hiperfosfatemia (p<0,001). Dengan uji Spearman ditemukan korelasi positif (r=0,342) yang bermakna (p<0,001) antara kadar fosfat pasien dengan skor VAS pruritus pasien. Disimpulkan bahwa ada tidaknya dan tingkat keparahan pruritus amat dipengaruhi kadar fosfat serum.

Pruritus is still a disturbing complication for hemodialysis patients. One factor that is proposed to be deciding in pruritus is the serum phosphate concentration. High numbers of phosphate molecules in the blood may form crystals, which if aggravated in the skin, may stimulate pruritic sensation. In this study, we compare the severity of pruritus, measured with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), with the concentration of serum phosphate. We use croos sectional method for this study. A total of 108 hemodialysis patients in Bangsal Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo were studied in February 2009. Each patient was interviewed for assessment of the level of pruritus. We also noted their data of serum phosphate concentration. We categorized patients with phosphate serum concentration >6,5 mg/dl into hyperphosphatemia group and those with phosphate serum concentration <6,5 mg/dl into normal groups. The patients have mean age of 50,48 ± 13,44 years and a mean duration of hemodialysis of 2,3 (0,3-17,5) years, 57,4% were male and 42,6% were female. By Mann-Whitney analysis,There was strong difference between pruritus VAS score of the hiperphosphatemia groups and the normal group (p<0,001). Also, by Spearmann analysis, there was significant (p<0,001), positive correlation (r=0,342) between serum phosphate concentration with the pruritus VAS score. It was concluded that the existence and the level of pruritus was related to the concentration of the serum phosphate."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2009
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Ade Junaidi
"Status indeks masa tubuh pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis menjadi suatu penentuan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas. Pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis dapat mengalami penurunan atau peningkatan indeks masa tubuh. Kami menggunakan metode potong lintang pada studi ini. Penelitian dilakukan pada 108 pasien hemodialisis di bangsal hemodialisis Subbagian Ginjal Hipertensi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSCM pada bulan Februari 2009. Kemudian diambil data dari status pasien mengenai berat badan kering dan tinggi badan pasien saat pertama kali menjalani hemodialisis dan bulan februari 2009. Berdasarkan perubahan indeks massa tubuh maka data ini dibagi atas 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok dengan peningkatan indeks masa tubuh dan penurunan indeks masa tubuh. Pasien berumur rerata 50,4 ± 13,4 tahun, terdiri dari 57% pria dan 43% wanita, dan lama menjalani hemodialisis rerata 2.3 tahun (0.3-17.5). Dengan uji Pearson didapatkan korelasi positif yang bermakna antara lama menjalani hemodialisis dengan peningkatan indeks masa tubuh (p<0.001, r = 0.727) maupun penurunan indeks masa tubuh (p<0.001, r = 0.709). Disimpulkan bahwa lama menjalani hemodialisis mempengaruhi peningkatan maupun penurunan indeks massa tubuh pasien hemodialisis.

Status of body mass index on chronic kidney disease patients who undergo hemodialysis is a determinant factor for morbidity and mortality. Hemodialysis patients can increase or decrease their body mass indexes. In this study, we used cross sectional method. We selected 108 patients that has already undergone hemodialysis twice a week for at least three months in hemodialysis ward of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in February 2009. Data are taken from dry weight and body height in medical records at the initial hemodialysis and on February 2009. We categorized patients into increased body mass index category and decreased body mass index category. The patients have mean age of 50,4 ± 13,4 years and a mean duration of hemodialysis of 2.3 (0.3-17.5) years, 57% were male and 43% were female. By Pearson analysis, there was significant positive correlation between increased body mass index (p<0.001, r = 0.727) and decreased body mass index (p<0.001, r = 0.709) with hemodialysis duration. It was concluded that duration of hemodialysis significantly influenced body mass index in hemodialysis patients."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2009
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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I Wayangede Sutadarma
"Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya pengaruh pemberian jus bayam 100 gram per hari selama empat minggu berturut-turut terhadap kadar NOx serum dan tekanan darah pada laki-laki dewasa muda. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis paralel, membandingkan 17 orang kelompok yang mendapat jus bayam disertai penyuluhan gizi (P) dengan 17 orang kclompok yang hanya mendapat penyuluhan gizi saja (K). Sebanyak 34 mahasiswa taki-lakt semester dua Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara randomisasi blok. Data yang diambil meliputi usia. aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, asupan energi, natrium, dan nitrat anorganik dengan food recal/2 x 24 jam dan food recoNi, Pemeriksaan kadar nitrit, nitrat, dan NOx serum serta tekanan darah dilakukan pada awal dan akhir pcr!akuan. Anal isis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Sebanyak 17 orang kclompok P dan 16 orang kelompok K dengan median usia 18 (17~ 19) tahun yang mengikuti penelitian secara lengkap. Indeks aktivitas tisik subyek kedua kelompok termasuk rendah. Data awal tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p>Q,05). Setelah empat minggu perlakuan, didapatkan persentase as11pan energi dibandingkan kebutuhan energi total termasuk kategori cukup pada kedua kelompok {8:4,93± 10,lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi 2004 (1083.00 {834,84-1797,50) mg/hari vs 923,95 (676,20-2494,05) mg/hari. Asupan nimH anorganik lebih tinggl pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (130,33 (107,28-195,85) mglhari vs 30,79 (9,47- 118,38) mg/hari. Pada kedua kelompok didapatkan peningkatan kadar nitrit, nitrat dan NO,. serum yang tebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna (p->0,05). Tidak didapatkan penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik yang bemakna pada kelompok perlakuan (p>O,OS). Pemberian 1 00 gram jus bayam selama empat minggu berturut-turut tidak didapatkan peningkatan kadar nitrat, nltrit, dan NO,. serum sejak penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolk pada kelompok perlakuan.

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of 100 gram per day spinach juice during four weeks on serum NO level and blood pressure in young adult male. The study was a parallel! randomized clinical trial Thirty four subjects of second semester male student Medical faculty of Udayana University were selected using certain criteria. The randomly (block randomization) thirty four subject were divided into two group. The treatment group {nc-·cJ7) received spinach juice and nutrition counseling; the control group (n"" 17) received nutrition counseling alone. Data collected included age, physical activity, body mass index, intake of energy, sodium, and inorganic nitrate using 2 x 24 hours food recall and food record. Laboratory findings {semm nitrite, nitrate, and NO.; levels) and blood pressure examination were done before and after intervention, For statistical analysis, unpaired Hest and Mann Whitney were used with the level of significance was 5%. Seventeen subjects in the treatment group and sixteen subjects in the control group completed the study and analyzed. Median of age were 18 (l7-19) years old. The physical activity index in both groups were low. The characteristic of the two groups were closely matched pH base line (p>0,05). After four weeks intervention, all subjects consumed energy achieved the recommended diet with an average of 84.93± 10,60 % in the treatment group and 88,19±5,47 % in the control group. The average intake of sodium in both groups were lower than Indonesian recommended dietary allowance 2004 (I 083,00 (834,84-1797,50) mg/day vs 923,95 (676,20-2494,05) mg/day). The average intake of inorganic nitrate in the treatment group increased significantly than in the control group (130,33 (107,28-195,85) mg/day vs. 30.79 (9,47-118,38) mg/day), 1n conclusion, there were increase in serum nitrite, nitrate and NOll levels which were higher in the treatment group, although not statistically significant (p>O,OS). There were also no significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group (p>0,05). In conclusions, the effects of lOO gram per day spinach juice during four weeks did not increase serum nitrite, nitrate and NOx level and also were not decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group. "
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2009
T32849
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Desmawati
"Sekitar 60-70% hipertensi pada orang dewasa berhubungan dengan kelebihan lemak tubuh yang berhubungan peningkatan kadar angiotensinogen (AGT) yang berperan dalam peningkatan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi persentase lemak tubuh, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan lingkar pinggang (LP) dengan kadar AGT plasma pada penderita hipertensi etnik Minangkabau. Sebanyak 63 orang penderita hipertensi, berusia 35–54 tahun, di Padang diambil secara konsekutif. Pada seluruh subyek dilakukan wawancara untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan aktivitas fisik. Penilaian asupan makanan, pengukuran persentase lemak tubuh, antropometri dan pemeriksaan kadar AGT plasma juga dilakukan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji korelasi. Rerata asupan lemak lebih besar dibading yang dianjurkan untuk orang Indonesia. Rerata persentase lemak tubuh subyek penelitian adalah 37,45 ± 5,95% (pada subyek laki-laki 27,70 ± 2,58 dan pada subyek perempuan 38,29 ± 5,38) dan rerata IMT 26,83 ±3,59 kg/m2. Sebanyak 92,1% subyek mepunyai LP yang lebih besar dari nilai normal. Rerata kadar AGT plasma 40.113 ± 8,033 ng/mL. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin dan usia dengan kadar AGT plasma. Persentase lemak tubuh mempunyai korelasi yang sedang dengan kadar AGT plasma (r=0,426; p<0,001), begitu juga korelasi IMT dengan kadar AGT plasma (r=0,418; p=0,001), sedangkan korelasi LP dengan kadar AGT lemah (r=0,378; p=0,002). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi derajat sedang antara persentase lemak tubuh dan IMT dengan kadar AGT plasma penderita hipertensi etnik Minangkabau, sedangkan korelasi LP dengan kadar AGT plasma lemah.

Approximately 60-70% of hypertension in adults associated with obesity that related with increased of pasma angiotensinogen (AGT) levels. This study aimed to determine the correlation of percentage body fat, body mass index (BMI) and wrist circumference (WC) with plasma AGT levels in hypertensive Minangkabau ethnic. Sixty three hypertensive patients, 35–54 years old, in Padang were enrolled consecutively. All subjects were interviewed to determine the characteristics and physical activity. Food intake assessment, body fat percentage measurement, anthropometric and plasma AGT levels examination were done. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and correlation test. The mean fat intake is greater than suggested for Indonesian. The mean body fat percentage of subjects is 27.70 ± 2.58 in male subjects and 38.29 ± 5.38 in female subjects, and the mean BMI is 26.83 ± 3.59 kg/m2. A total of 92.1% of subjects have WC larger than normal value. The mean plasma levels of AGT 40.113 ± 8.033 ng/mL. There was no significant relationship between gender and age with plasma AGT levels. Percentage of body fat has moderate correlation with plasma AGT levels (r = 0.426, p <0.001), as well as correlation of IMT with plasma AGT levels (r=0.418, p=0.001), and correlation of WC with plasma AGT level is weak (r=0.378, p=0.002). These result show a moderate correlation between body fat percentage and BMI with plasma AGT levels in hypertensive Minangkabau ethnic group. There is also a weak correlation between WC with plasma AGT levels."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2013
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Wachid Putranto
"[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) telah menjadi
alternatif selain hemodialisis untuk pengobatan penyakit ginjal tahap akhir. Fibrosis
peritoneum merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya kerusakan membran peritoneum.
Mekanisme fibrosis peritoneum belum diketahui secara pasti, namun ditengarai
transforming growth factor ? β (TGF ?β) berhubungan erat terhadap terjadinya fibrosis
peritoneum.
Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ACE
inhibitor (ACEI) dan calcium channel Blocker (CCB) terhadap penurunan ekspresi TGF
? β dan fibrosis peritoneum tikus jantan yang telah dilakukan CAPD.
Metode Penelitian : Penelitian eksperimental, post test only control group design. Tiga
puluh tikus Dawley spraque dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol
(kelompok 1) dan kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian masing-masing cairan CAPD
4,25% (kelompok2) lisinopril 1,44 mg oral dan CAPD (kelompok 3) diltiazem CD 6,48
mg oral dan CAPD (kelompok 4) lisinopril 1,44 mg dan diltiazem CD 6,48 mg oral dan
CAPD (kelompok 5). Setelah 4 minggu tikus dikorbankan dengan cara dislokasi cervical
kemudian diperiksa ekspresi TGF ? β dan terjadinya fibrosis pada peritoneum tikus,
selanjutnya dibuat sediaan histopatologi dan diwarnai dengan hematoksilin eosin serta
imunohistokimia menggunakan antihuman TGF-ß.
Hasil : Dua puluh peritoneum tikus berhasil diperiksa. Rerata skor TGF-β kelompok
kontrol 1,8, kelompok CAPD 2, kelompok lisinopril dan CAPD 1,8, kelompok diltiazem
CD dan CAPD 1,8, kelompok lisinopril dan diltiazem CD dan CAPD 1,7 (p=0,959).
Rerata skor fibrosis peritoneum kelompok kontrol 1,1, kelompok CAPD 2,6, kelompok
lisinopril dan CAPD 1,2, kelompok diltiazem CD dan CAPD 1,3, kelompok lisinopril dan
diltiazem CD dan CAPD1,5 (p=0,268)
Simpulan : Kombinasi lisinopril dan diltiazem mempunyai kecenderungan menurunkan
ekspresi TGF ? β lebih baik dibandingkan lisinopril maupun diltiazem yang diberikan
secara terpisah tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik. Kombinasi lisinopril dan diltiazem
mempunyai kecenderungan mengurangi fibrosis peritoneum tetapi tidak bermakna secara
statistik dan tidak lebih baik dibandingkan lisinopril maupun diltiazem bila diberikan
secara terpisah.

ABSTRACT
Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been an
alternative other than hemodialysis for end stage kidney disease treatment.
Peritoneal fibrosis is the most serious cause of the damage in membrane
peritoneum. Mechanism of fibrosis peritoneum is not exactly known yet,
transforming growth factor ? β(TGF ? β) is closely related with the existence of
fibrosis peritoneum.
Purposes : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of combination
between ACE inhibitor (ACEI) dan Calcium channel blocker (CCB) in reducing
expression of TGF ? β and fibrosis peritoneum in a male rat treated with CAPD.
Research Method : Experimental study, post test only control group design.
Thirsty Dawley spraque rats are divided into five groups control group ( Group
1), CAPD liquid 4,25% (group 2), lisinopril 1,44 mg oral and CAPD (group 3)
diltiazem CD 6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 4) lisinopril 1,44mg + diltiazem CD
6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 5). After 4 weeks, rats sacrificed. Expression of
TGF ? β and peritoneal fibrosis are conducted by histopatology with hematoxillineosin
staining and immunology with anti human-TGF-β.
Result : Twenty peritoneal of rats can be examined. Mean score TGF-β control
group is 1,8, CAPD group is 2, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,8,diltiazem CD
and CAPD group is 1,8, lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,7
(p=0,959) .Mean score peritoneal fibrosis control group is 1,1, CAPD group is
2,6, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,2, diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,3,
lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,5 (p=0,268)
Summary : Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the expression of TGF
? β and fibrosis peritoneum better than lisinopril or diltiazem but statistically not
significant. Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the peritoneal fibrosis
but statistically not significant and it doesn?t better than lisinopril or diltiazem.
Key words: ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, TGF-β, peritoneal fibrosis.;Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been an
alternative other than hemodialysis for end stage kidney disease treatment.
Peritoneal fibrosis is the most serious cause of the damage in membrane
peritoneum. Mechanism of fibrosis peritoneum is not exactly known yet,
transforming growth factor ? β(TGF ? β) is closely related with the existence of
fibrosis peritoneum.
Purposes : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of combination
between ACE inhibitor (ACEI) dan Calcium channel blocker (CCB) in reducing
expression of TGF ? β and fibrosis peritoneum in a male rat treated with CAPD.
Research Method : Experimental study, post test only control group design.
Thirsty Dawley spraque rats are divided into five groups control group ( Group
1), CAPD liquid 4,25% (group 2), lisinopril 1,44 mg oral and CAPD (group 3)
diltiazem CD 6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 4) lisinopril 1,44mg + diltiazem CD
6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 5). After 4 weeks, rats sacrificed. Expression of
TGF ? β and peritoneal fibrosis are conducted by histopatology with hematoxillineosin
staining and immunology with anti human-TGF-β.
Result : Twenty peritoneal of rats can be examined. Mean score TGF-β control
group is 1,8, CAPD group is 2, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,8,diltiazem CD
and CAPD group is 1,8, lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,7
(p=0,959) .Mean score peritoneal fibrosis control group is 1,1, CAPD group is
2,6, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,2, diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,3,
lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,5 (p=0,268)
Summary : Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the expression of TGF
? β and fibrosis peritoneum better than lisinopril or diltiazem but statistically not
significant. Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the peritoneal fibrosis
but statistically not significant and it doesn?t better than lisinopril or diltiazem.
Key words: ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, TGF-β, peritoneal fibrosis.;Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been an
alternative other than hemodialysis for end stage kidney disease treatment.
Peritoneal fibrosis is the most serious cause of the damage in membrane
peritoneum. Mechanism of fibrosis peritoneum is not exactly known yet,
transforming growth factor ? β(TGF ? β) is closely related with the existence of
fibrosis peritoneum.
Purposes : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of combination
between ACE inhibitor (ACEI) dan Calcium channel blocker (CCB) in reducing
expression of TGF ? β and fibrosis peritoneum in a male rat treated with CAPD.
Research Method : Experimental study, post test only control group design.
Thirsty Dawley spraque rats are divided into five groups control group ( Group
1), CAPD liquid 4,25% (group 2), lisinopril 1,44 mg oral and CAPD (group 3)
diltiazem CD 6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 4) lisinopril 1,44mg + diltiazem CD
6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 5). After 4 weeks, rats sacrificed. Expression of
TGF ? β and peritoneal fibrosis are conducted by histopatology with hematoxillineosin
staining and immunology with anti human-TGF-β.
Result : Twenty peritoneal of rats can be examined. Mean score TGF-β control
group is 1,8, CAPD group is 2, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,8,diltiazem CD
and CAPD group is 1,8, lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,7
(p=0,959) .Mean score peritoneal fibrosis control group is 1,1, CAPD group is
2,6, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,2, diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,3,
lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,5 (p=0,268)
Summary : Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the expression of TGF
? β and fibrosis peritoneum better than lisinopril or diltiazem but statistically not
significant. Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the peritoneal fibrosis
but statistically not significant and it doesn?t better than lisinopril or diltiazem.
Key words: ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, TGF-β, peritoneal fibrosis.;Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been an
alternative other than hemodialysis for end stage kidney disease treatment.
Peritoneal fibrosis is the most serious cause of the damage in membrane
peritoneum. Mechanism of fibrosis peritoneum is not exactly known yet,
transforming growth factor ? β(TGF ? β) is closely related with the existence of
fibrosis peritoneum.
Purposes : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of combination
between ACE inhibitor (ACEI) dan Calcium channel blocker (CCB) in reducing
expression of TGF ? β and fibrosis peritoneum in a male rat treated with CAPD.
Research Method : Experimental study, post test only control group design.
Thirsty Dawley spraque rats are divided into five groups control group ( Group
1), CAPD liquid 4,25% (group 2), lisinopril 1,44 mg oral and CAPD (group 3)
diltiazem CD 6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 4) lisinopril 1,44mg + diltiazem CD
6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 5). After 4 weeks, rats sacrificed. Expression of
TGF ? β and peritoneal fibrosis are conducted by histopatology with hematoxillineosin
staining and immunology with anti human-TGF-β.
Result : Twenty peritoneal of rats can be examined. Mean score TGF-β control
group is 1,8, CAPD group is 2, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,8,diltiazem CD
and CAPD group is 1,8, lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,7
(p=0,959) .Mean score peritoneal fibrosis control group is 1,1, CAPD group is
2,6, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,2, diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,3,
lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,5 (p=0,268)
Summary : Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the expression of TGF
? β and fibrosis peritoneum better than lisinopril or diltiazem but statistically not
significant. Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the peritoneal fibrosis
but statistically not significant and it doesn?t better than lisinopril or diltiazem.
Key words: ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, TGF-β, peritoneal fibrosis.;Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been an
alternative other than hemodialysis for end stage kidney disease treatment.
Peritoneal fibrosis is the most serious cause of the damage in membrane
peritoneum. Mechanism of fibrosis peritoneum is not exactly known yet,
transforming growth factor ? β(TGF ? β) is closely related with the existence of
fibrosis peritoneum.
Purposes : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of combination
between ACE inhibitor (ACEI) dan Calcium channel blocker (CCB) in reducing
expression of TGF ? β and fibrosis peritoneum in a male rat treated with CAPD.
Research Method : Experimental study, post test only control group design.
Thirsty Dawley spraque rats are divided into five groups control group ( Group
1), CAPD liquid 4,25% (group 2), lisinopril 1,44 mg oral and CAPD (group 3)
diltiazem CD 6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 4) lisinopril 1,44mg + diltiazem CD
6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 5). After 4 weeks, rats sacrificed. Expression of
TGF ? β and peritoneal fibrosis are conducted by histopatology with hematoxillineosin
staining and immunology with anti human-TGF-β.
Result : Twenty peritoneal of rats can be examined. Mean score TGF-β control
group is 1,8, CAPD group is 2, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,8,diltiazem CD
and CAPD group is 1,8, lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,7
(p=0,959) .Mean score peritoneal fibrosis control group is 1,1, CAPD group is
2,6, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,2, diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,3,
lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,5 (p=0,268)
Summary : Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the expression of TGF
? β and fibrosis peritoneum better than lisinopril or diltiazem but statistically not
significant. Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the peritoneal fibrosis
but statistically not significant and it doesn?t better than lisinopril or diltiazem.
Key words: ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, TGF-β, peritoneal fibrosis., Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been an
alternative other than hemodialysis for end stage kidney disease treatment.
Peritoneal fibrosis is the most serious cause of the damage in membrane
peritoneum. Mechanism of fibrosis peritoneum is not exactly known yet,
transforming growth factor – β(TGF – β) is closely related with the existence of
fibrosis peritoneum.
Purposes : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of combination
between ACE inhibitor (ACEI) dan Calcium channel blocker (CCB) in reducing
expression of TGF – β and fibrosis peritoneum in a male rat treated with CAPD.
Research Method : Experimental study, post test only control group design.
Thirsty Dawley spraque rats are divided into five groups control group ( Group
1), CAPD liquid 4,25% (group 2), lisinopril 1,44 mg oral and CAPD (group 3)
diltiazem CD 6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 4) lisinopril 1,44mg + diltiazem CD
6,48 mg oral and CAPD (group 5). After 4 weeks, rats sacrificed. Expression of
TGF – β and peritoneal fibrosis are conducted by histopatology with hematoxillineosin
staining and immunology with anti human-TGF-β.
Result : Twenty peritoneal of rats can be examined. Mean score TGF-β control
group is 1,8, CAPD group is 2, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,8,diltiazem CD
and CAPD group is 1,8, lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,7
(p=0,959) .Mean score peritoneal fibrosis control group is 1,1, CAPD group is
2,6, lisinopril and CAPD group is 1,2, diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,3,
lisinopril and diltiazem CD and CAPD group is 1,5 (p=0,268)
Summary : Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the expression of TGF
– β and fibrosis peritoneum better than lisinopril or diltiazem but statistically not
significant. Combination of lisinopril and diltiazem lower the peritoneal fibrosis
but statistically not significant and it doesn’t better than lisinopril or diltiazem.
Key words: ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, TGF-β, peritoneal fibrosis.]"
2016
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