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Abstrak :
Kadmium di Kabupaten Gresik merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh limbah kegiatan industri dan dapat menimbulkan risiko masalah kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat estimasi risiko pajanan kadmium pada air minum dan makanan dengan gangguan kesehatan penduduk di kawasan industri dan non industri. Disain studi yang digunakan adalah Public Health Assessment dan analisis spasial pada 1075 penduduk dewasa di Gresik. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berasal dari Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Jakarta tahun 2012. Analisis risiko menunjukkan penduduk di kawasan non industri memiliki kecenderungan berisiko mengalami gangguan kesehatan akibat terpajan kadmium pada air minum yang lebih tinggi (RQreal time : 0,0476; RQlife span: 0,0476) dibandingkan penduduk di kawasan industri, (RQreal time: 0,0313; RQlife span: 0,0448). Tingkat risiko pajanan kadmium pada makanan di kedua kawasan sebagian besar tergolong berisiko (RQ>1) dengan nilai RQ tertinggi pada jagung (RQreal time industri: 5,86; RQreal time non industri: 10,04). Analisis statistik menunjukkan penduduk yang terpajan kadmium pada air minum dalam kategori tidak memenuhi syarat memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami gangguan kardiovaskuler dibandingkan penduduk yang terpajan kadmium pada air minum dalam kategori memenuhi syarat setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur dan kebiasaan mengonsumsi rokok atau tembakau. Analisis spasial menunjukkan pola sebaran kadmium di media lingkungan dan gangguan kardiovaskuler di kedua kawasan tidak mengikuti pola tertentu. ......Cadmium in Gresik Regency become one of environmental problem caused from industrial waste and could be the risk of health problems. The aim of this study was to identify risk estimate of cadmium exposure in drinking water and food with health disorders of residents in industrial and non-industrial area. Study design used in this study was Public Health Assessment and spatial analysis on the 1075 adults in Gresik. Data used in this study was secondary data from Agency for Health Research and Development Jakarta in 2012. Risk analysis showed that residents in non-industrial area was preference to get higher risk of health disorders due to exposure of cadmium in drinking water (RQreal time : 0,0476; RQlife span: 0,0476) than residents in industrial area (RQreal time: 0,0313; RQlife span: 0,0448). Risk level of cadmium exposure in food in both area showed that most of food sample classified as at risk (RQ>1) with the highest risk quotient was corn (RQreal time industry: 5,86; RQreal time non industry: 10,04). Residents exposed to cadmium with not qualified category had higher risk to experience cardiovascular disorders than residents exposed to cadmium in drinking water with qualified category after controlled with variable of age and cigarettes smoking. Spatial analysis showed the distribution pattern of cadmium in environmental media and cardiovascular disorders did not follow specific pattern.

Abstrak :
Konsentrasi timbal melebihi baku mutu di perairan Kabupaten Gresik akibat limbah industri dapat menjadi risiko gangguan kesehatan kronis seperti hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pajanan timbal di air minum dan makanan terhadap kejadian hipertensi penduduk kawasan industri dan non industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi Public Health Assessment dan analisis spasial pada 1050 responden usia dewasa di Kabupaten Gresik. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder Riset Khusus Pencemaran Lingkungan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan tahun 2012. Tingkat risiko akibat pajanan timbal di air minum kawasan industri (RQrealtime:0,21039; RQlifespan:0,28690) memiliki kecenderungan berisiko lebih tinggi daripada kawasan non industri (RQrealtime:0,01692; RQlifespan:0,01692). Tingkat risiko tertinggi akibat pajanan timbal di makanan kawasan industri pada beras (RQrealtime:12,1544; RQlifespan:16,2481) sedangkan kawasan non industri pada jagung (RQrealtime:9,6615; RQlifespan:9,4970). Penduduk terpajan timbal tidak memenuhi syarat pada air minum memiliki risiko lebih tinggi dibandingkan terpajan timbal memenuhi syarat (OR: 2,693 95%CI: 0,982-7,386) untuk mengalami kejadian hipertensi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia, jenis kelamin dan obesitas. Analisis spasial menunjukkan sebaran timbal di media lingkungan tidak memiliki pola persebaran tertentu. ......Lead concentrations have been exceeded water quality standards in Gresik because of industrial waste could be a risk of chronic health problems such as hypertension. The objective of this study was to analyze lead exposure in drinking water and food with hypertension in population at industrial and non-industrial area. This design study of research was Public Health Assessment and spacial analysis on the 1050 adults at Gresik. Data used in the research was secondary data from Special Research Environmental Contamination of Agency for Health Research and Development in 2012. The average of risk quotient due to lead exposure in drinking water at industrial area (RQrealtime: 0.21039; RQlifespan: 0.28690) was higher than non-industrial area (RQrealtime: 0.01692; RQlifespan: 0.01692). The highest of risk quotient due to lead exposure at industrial area on food was rice (RQrealtime: 12.1544; RQlifespan: 16.2481) while at non-industrial area was corn (RQrealtime: 9.6615; RQlifespan: 9.4970). Respondent with not qualified lead exposure in drinking water had higher risk than respondent with qualified lead exposure in drinking water (OR: 2.693 95% CI: 0.982-7.386) to experience hypertension after being controlled by the variables of age, sex and obesity. Spatial analysis showed distribution of lead in environmental media did not follow the specific distribution pattern.

Abstrak :
Konsentrasi timbal melebihi baku mutu di perairan Kabupaten Gresik akibat limbah industri dapat menjadi risiko gangguan kesehatan kronis seperti hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pajanan timbal di air minum dan makanan terhadap kejadian hipertensi penduduk kawasan industri dan non industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi Public Health Assessment dan analisis spasial pada 1050 responden usia dewasa di Kabupaten Gresik. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder Riset Khusus Pencemaran Lingkungan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan tahun 2012. Tingkat risiko akibat pajanan timbal di air minum kawasan industri (RQrealtime:0,21039; RQlifespan:0,28690) memiliki kecenderungan berisiko lebih tinggi daripada kawasan non industri (RQrealtime:0,01692; RQlifespan:0,01692). Tingkat risiko tertinggi akibat pajanan timbal di makanan kawasan industri pada beras (RQrealtime:12,1544; RQlifespan:16,2481) sedangkan kawasan non industri pada jagung (RQrealtime:9,6615; RQlifespan:9,4970). Penduduk terpajan timbal tidak memenuhi syarat pada air minum memiliki risiko lebih tinggi dibandingkan terpajan timbal memenuhi syarat (OR: 2,693 95%CI: 0,982-7,386) untuk mengalami kejadian hipertensi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia, jenis kelamin dan obesitas. Analisis spasial menunjukkan sebaran timbal di media lingkungan tidak memiliki pola persebaran tertentu. ......Lead concentrations have been exceeded water quality standards in Gresik because of industrial waste could be a risk of chronic health problems such as hypertension. The objective of this study was to analyze lead exposure in drinking water and food with hypertension in population at industrial and non-industrial area. This design study of research was Public Health Assessment and spacial analysis on the 1050 adults at Gresik. Data used in the research was secondary data from Special Research Environmental Contamination of Agency for Health Research and Development in 2012. The average of risk quotient due to lead exposure in drinking water at industrial area (RQrealtime: 0.21039; RQlifespan: 0.28690) was higher than non-industrial area (RQrealtime: 0.01692; RQlifespan: 0.01692). The highest of risk quotient due to lead exposure at industrial area on food was rice (RQrealtime: 12.1544; RQlifespan: 16.2481) while at non-industrial area was corn (RQrealtime: 9.6615; RQlifespan: 9.4970). Respondent with not qualified lead exposure in drinking water had higher risk than respondent with qualified lead exposure in drinking water (OR: 2.693 95% CI: 0.982-7.386) to experience hypertension after being controlled by the variables of age, sex and obesity. Spatial analysis showed distribution of lead in environmental media did not follow the specific distribution pattern.