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"Mengetahui proporsi gangguan fungsi paru pada remaja jalanan perokok dan hubungan antara perilaku merokok dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada 317 anak jalanan, usia 10-18 tahun, terdiri dari perokok dan bukan perokok. Uji fungsi paru dilakukan pada subjek dengan menilai FEV1/ FVC, FEV1, FVC, V50 dan V25. Hasil: Subjek perokok sebanyak 182 remaja jalanan (57,4%), sebagian besar merupakan perokok kadang-kadang (53%), lama merokok 1-2 tahun (54%), jenis rokok yang digunakan adalah rokok filter (58%), dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi 1-10 batang per hari (93%). Rerata parameter fungsi paru subjek perokok lebih rendah dibandingkan bukan perokok, dengan perbedaan bermakna pada nilai FEV1 dan FVC (p<0,05). Rerata nilai FEV1 dan FVC subjek perempuan perokok berbeda bermakna dengan bukan perokok, begitupun dengan rerata nilai FVC subjek lelaki (p<0,05). Proporsi gangguan fungsi paru subjek perokok berbeda bermakna dengan bukan perokok (p=0,016). Terdapat hubungan antara jenis rokok dengan gangguan fungsi paru (p<0,001), dimana pengguna rokok kretek paling banyak mengalami gangguan. Terdapat hubungan antara derajat perilaku merokok dengan gangguan fungsi paru (p=0,046). Simpulan: Rerata parameter uji fungsi paru (FEV1 dan FVC) pada remaja jalanan perokok lebih rendah dibandingkan bukan perokok. Proporsi gangguan fungsi paru pada remaja jalanan perokok 26,5%, terdiri dari campuran (16,1%), restriktif (8,2%) dan obstruktif (2,2%). Jenis rokok dan derajat perilaku merokok memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian gangguan fungsi paru.

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Street children and smoking prevalence are highly increasing. Studies on pulmonary function among adolescent street children smokers are still limited with controversial result.

Objective: To determine proportion of pulmonary dysfunction among adolescent street children smokers and to evaluate relation between smoking behaviour with pulmonary dysfunction.

Methods: A cross sectional study among 317 street children, aged 10-18 years old, including smokers and non-smokers which were recruited consecutively. Subjects undergone pulmonary function test which measured FEV1/ FVC, FEV1, FVC, V50 and V25.

Results: Subject smokers were 182 children, most of them were occasional smokers (53%), smoking period around 1-2 years (54%), using filtered cigarettes (58%), and consuming 1-10 cigarettes per day (93%). Mean pulmonary function parameter values of smokers were lower than non-smokers, significant difference for FEV1 and FVC (p<0.05). Mean FEV1 and FVC between smoking and nonsmoking girls were significant difference, and also mean FVC of boys (p<0.05). There was significant difference in proportion of pulmonary function abnormalities between smokers and non-smokers (p=0.016). There was relation between types of cigarettes with pulmonary dysfunction (p<0.001), the abnormalities mostly impact to kretek smokers. There was relation between smoking behaviour with pulmonary function abnormalities (p=0.046).

Conclusion: Mean pulmonary function parameter values (FEV1 and FVC) of smokers were lower than non-smokers. Pulmonary dysfunction proportion among adolescent street children smokers was 26.5%, consist of combined disorder (16.1%), restrictive (8.2%) and obstructive (2.2%). There was relation between types of cigarettes and smoking behavior with pulmonary function abnormalities."

"Usia menars penting untuk diketahui karena berpengaruh pada kondisi kesehatan saat dewasa. Anak dengan usia menars dini (<12 tahun) memiliki tekanan darah yang lebih tinggi, intoleransi glukosa, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan peningkatan mortalitas akibat kanker. Sementara usia menars lambat (> 14 tahun) berhubungan dengan rendahnya densitas mineral tulang yang meningkatkan risiko osteoporosis. Menurut data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Tahun 2010, angka menars dini di Indonesia sebesar 22,5% dan angka menars lambat sebesar 24,3%. Massa lemak tubuh memengaruhi usia menars melalui peran leptin pada aksis hipotalamus-hipofisis-ovarium. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi massa lemak tubuh dan distribusinya dengan usia menars. Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang analitik terhadap 32 anak perempuan usia 10-15 tahun di Jakarta Pusat yang mengalami menars dalam tiga bulan terakhir pada bulan Juli-September 2019. Pengambilan data usia menars dengan metode recall. Pengukuran massa lemak tubuh dilakukan dengan antropometri dan bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA). Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Uji korelasi menunjukkan korelasi sedang antara IMT/U dengan usia menars (r = - 0,45; p = 0,01) dan korelasi lemah antara RLPTB dengan usia menars (r = - 0,37; p = 0,03), sementara uji korelasi pada variabel lainnya tidak bermakna. Peneliti menarik kesimpulan tidak terdapat korelasi antara massa lemak tubuh dan distribusinya dengan usia menars, tetapi terdapat korelasi lemah hingga sedang antara IMT/U dan RLPTB dengan usia menars.

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Age at menarche related to health conditions in adult life. Early menarche is associated with higher blood pressure, glucose intolerance, cardiovascular risk, and increase cancer mortality. While late menarche is associated with lower bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Data from Indonesian basic health research 2010 showed the prevalence of early menarche was 22,5% and late menarche was 24,3%. The link of body fat mass and age at menarche was mediated by leptin action on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The aim of this study is to find the correlation of body fat mass and its distributions with age at menarche. This study is a cross-sectional analytic research of 32 girls age 10 to 15 years old who attained menarche within three months prior to measurement in a period of July to September 2019. Menarcheal date obtained with recall method. Body fat mass was measured with anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis performed with SPSS version 22 to determine correlation of body fat mass and its distribution with age at menarche. There was middle-powered inverse correlation between body mass index (BMI) for age and age at menarche (r = - 0,45; p = 0,01) and weak-powered inverse correlation between waist to height ratio (WHtR) and age at menarche (r = - 0,37; p = 0,03), no correlation was found between other variables of fat mass with age at menarche. The researcher concluded that there was no correlation between body fat mass and its distribution with age at menarche, but there were low to middle-powered correlations between BMI for age and WHtR with age at menarche."

"Latar Belakang. Terapi pembedahan telah menjadi baku emas dalam penutupan defek septum atrium (DSA) sekundum. Prosedur pembedahan mempunyai morbiditas yang terkait dengan torakotomi, pintasan jantung paru, komplikasi prosedur, jaringan parut bekas operasi, dan trauma psikologis. Oleh karena itu, timbul usaha pendekatan transkateter untuk menutup DSA yang bersifat relatif kurang invasif, salah satunya dengan alat Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO). Tujuan. Mengetahui perbandingan hasil penutupan DSA sekundum, komplikasi prosedur, lama rawat di rumah sakit, dan total biaya prosedur antara prosedur transkateter menggunakan ASO dengan prosedur pembedahan. Metode. Penelitian bersifat retrospektif analitik dengan sumber data berupa rekam medis pasien anak dengan DSA sekundum yang datang berobat ke Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan dilakukan penutupan defek dengan salah satu prosedur dalam periode Januari 2005-Desember 2011. Hasil. Sebanyak 112 kasus anak dengan DSA sekundum masuk dalam penelitian, terdiri dari 70 kasus dengan prosedur pembedahan dan 42 kasus dengan prosedur transkateter. Prosedur pembedahan dan prosedur transkateter mempunyai tingkat keberhasilan yang serupa (98,6% vs 95,2%, p=0,555). Namun prosedur pembedahan mempunyai komplikasi yang lebih banyak dibandingkan prosedur transkateter (60% vs 28,6%, p=0,001, OR 1,61;95%IK,1,19-2,18). Prosedur pembedahan juga mempunyai lama rawat di rumah sakit yang lebih panjang dibandingkan prosedur transkateter (6 hari vs 2 hari, p<0,0001), dan semua prosedur pembedahan membutuhkan perawatan di ruang rawat intensif. Secara keseluruhan prosedur transkateter mempunyai total biaya prosedur yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan prosedur pembedahan (Rp.52.731.680,06 vs Rp.46.994.745,26, p<0,0001), dan biaya pengadaan alat ASO mempunyai porsi sekitar 58% dari total biaya prosedur. Analisis total biaya prosedur tanpa memperhitungkan biaya alat ASO menunjukkan prosedur transkateter mempunyai total biaya yang lebih rendah dibandingkan prosedur pembedahan. Simpulan. Prosedur transkateter dengan ASO mempunyai efektivitas yang sama dengan prosedur pembedahan dalam penutupan DSA sekundum dan mempunyai komplikasi yang lebih sedikit serta lama rawat di rumah sakit yang lebih pendek. Total biaya prosedur transkateter dengan ASO masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan prosedur pembedahan.

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Background. Surgery has become standard therapy for secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, but it has significant morbidity related to sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, complication, residual scar, and trauma. Non-surgical and less invasive approaches with transcatheter device were developed to occlude ASD. Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) is one of the commonly used devices in transcatheter closure.

Objectives. This study sought to compare efficacy, complication, length of hospital stay, and total cost of secundum ASD closure procedure between transcatheter closure using ASO with surgery.

Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on children with secundum ASD admitted to Cardiology Center of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2005-December 2011. The patients received transcatheter closure with ASO or surgical closure. Data were obtained from medical record.

Results. A total of 112 secundum ASD cases were included in study, consisted of 42 cases underwent transcatheter closure and 70 cases underwent surgical closure. The efficacy of both procedur were not statistically different (98.6% vs 95.2%, p=0.555). However, surgery procedure had more complication than transcatheter closure (60% vs 28.6%, p=0.001, OR 1.61;95%CI 1.19 to 2.18). Hospital stay were also significantly longer for surgery procedure than transcatheter closure (6 days vs 2 days, p<0.0001), and all surgical subjects requiring intensive care. Transcatheter closure had mean total cost Rp.52,731,680.06 as compared with Rp.46,994,745.26 for surgery procedure (p<0.0001), and cost of ASO represents 58% of the total cost of transcatheter closure. Mean total cost of transcatheter closure without including cost of device is less costly than surgery procedure.

Conclusion. Transcatheter closure using ASO had similar efficacy with surgical closure, complication rate was lower, and the length of hospital stay was shorter. However, transcatheter closure costs were higher compared with surgery procedure."

"Latar Belakang : Diagnosis tuberkulosis pada anak tidak mudah sehingga sering terjadi under diagnosis atau over diagnosis. Uji tuberkulin sebagai penunjang untuk mengetahui infeksi tuberkulosis memiliki angka negatif palsu 10-25%. Mayoritas pasien tuberkulosis anak memiliki kadar seng plasma yang rendah dibanding anak sehat. Tujuan : Mengetahui efektivitas krim seng topikal untuk meningkatkan diameter indurasi uji tuberkulin pada pasien TB anak. Metode : Uji klinis tidak tersamar dengan subjek penelitian bertindak sebagai perlakuan dan kontrol (matching) yang berlangsung selama bulan Oktober 2012 hingga Desember 2012. Subjek penelitian merupakan pasien tuberkulosis usia 2- 18 tahun di Departemen IKA RSCM dan Bagian Anak RS Persahabatan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi Analisis data penelitian dengan menggunakan uji non parametrik Wilcoxon signed rank test menggunakan SPSS versi 15. Hasil : Penelitian dilakukan pada 47 subjek. Mayoritas subjek penelitian memiliki status gizi baik (53%), median durasi pengobatan <6 bulan, median usia 72 bulan dan 47% merupakan kelompok usia <5 tahun. Sebanyak 16 subjek memiliki median selisih perbedaan indurasi uji tuberkulin lengan kanan dan kiri sebesar 1 mm (P<0,001) namun secara klinis tidak bermakna. Tiga puluh subjek lainnya tidak memiliki perbedaan indurasi uji tuberkulin lengan kanan dan kiri. Dua puluh subjek (43%) mengalami reaksi Koch setelah penambahan krim seng topikal. Pemberian krim plasebo tidak menyebabkan reaksi Koch. Simpulan : Pemberian krim seng topikal tidak terbukti bermakna secara klinis dalam meningkatkan indurasi uji tuberkulin dibandingkan krim plasebo.

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Background : Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is difficult, under diagnosis or over diagnosis is commonly happened. Tuberculin test as an important supporting examination for tuberculosis infection has false negative value 10-25%. Majority of children with tuberculosis have lower plasma zinc level than healthy children.

Objective : To evaluate effectiveness of topical zinc cream in augmenting diameter of tuberculin induration among children with tuberculosis.

Methods : Unblinded clinical trial involving subjects matched with themselves was performed between October 2012 until December 2012. Subjects were children with tuberculosis aged 2-18 years old in Child Health Departement Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital dan Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Data analysis was performed with Wilcoxon signed rank test using SPSS 15 version.

Results : There were 47 subjects recruited in this study. Majority of subjects were well nourished (53%), underwent treatment <6 months (median), aged 72 months (median) and were under-five children (47%). Sixteen subjects showed 1 mm (median) difference of tuberculin induration between zinc arm and placebo arm (P<0,001). This difference is statistically significant but clinically insignificant. Twenty two subjects (43%) had Koch reaction after zinc cream application. Application of placebo cream didn't cause any Koch reaction.

Conclusion: Application of topical zinc cream is clinically insignificant to augment tuberculin induration compared to placebo cream."

"Latar belakang: Penyakit Kawasaki (PK) merupakan vaskulitis akut sistemik yang belum diketahui penyebabnya dan mempunyai predileksi pada arteri koroner terutama bayi dan anak balita. Sebanyak 20-40% kasus PK yang tidak diobati akan mengalami kelainan arteri koroner. Masalah PK di Indonesia saat ini adalah masih banyak kasus yang underdiagnosis dan terlambat didiagnosis, serta beberapa kasus overdiagnosis. Sejauh ini belum ada publikasi penelitian tentang PK di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil klinis dan pemeriksaan penunjang PK pada anak di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien anak 0-18 tahun dengan diagnosis PK selama periode 1 Agustus 2011 hingga 31 Juli 2012 di 3 rumah sakit di Jakarta dan Tangerang. Hasil: Terdapat 66 subjek yang sesuai dengan diagnosis PK. Sebanyak 77% subjek berusia balita dengan usia tersering 1-2 tahun. Proporsi anak lelaki lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan dengan perbandingan 2:1. Seluruh subjek mengalami demam dengan gambaran klinis paling sering adalah perubahan pada bibir dan rongga mulut seperti eritema, bibir pecah-pecah, lidah stroberi, dan eritema difus mukosa orofaring (100%), ruam polimorfik (89%), dan injeksi konjungtiva tanpa eksudat (88%). Gambaran klinis paling jarang adalah limfadenopati servikal unilateral (53%). Anemia dan leukositosis sering terjadi pada fase akut, sedangkan trombositosis mulai terjadi pada minggu kedua. Peningkatan LED dan CRP terjadi pada fase akut, namun pada 15% subjek peningkatan LED tidak disertai oleh peningkatan CRP atau sebaliknya. Hipoalbuminemia terjadi pada 70% subjek. Gambaran infiltrat pada foto toraks didapatkan pada 71% subjek. Aneurisma arteri koroner pada ekokardiografi saat awal diagnosis didapatkan pada 30% subjek. Sebagian besar merupakan aneurisma kecil, 3% aneurisma sedang, dan 1% aneurisma raksasa. Simpulan: Gambaran klinis paling sering selain demam adalah perubahan pada bibir dan rongga mulut, ruam polimorfik, dan injeksi konjungtiva tanpa eksudat, sedangkan yang paling jarang adalah limfadenopati servikal unilateral. Pemeriksaan LED dan CRP sebaiknya dilakukan bersamaan untuk mendukung diagnosis. Hipoalbuminemia dan gambaran infiltrat pada foto toraks mungkin dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alat bantu diagnosis PK pada anak di Indonesia, namun masih membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk membuktikannya.

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Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis with unknown cause. The main predilections are the coronary arteries, especially in infants and children under five. As many as 20-40% of untreated KD will develop coronary problems. Currently, many of the KD cases in Indonesia are still under- or late diagnosed, and some cases are even overdiagnosed. However, there has not been any research publication on KD in Indonesia.

Objective: To describe the clinical and supportive examination profiles of KD in Indonesian children.

Method: A cross-sectional observational study of children under 18 years old with KD diagnosed within August 1st 2011 and July 31st 2012 was performed. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients from 3 hospitals in Jakarta and Tangerang.

Results: Of 66 subjects diagnosed of KD, 77% subjects were children aged 1-2 years old, with male and female ratio was 2:1. All subjects had fever with common clinical profiles were: changes in lips and oral cavity such as erythema, lips cracking, strawberry tongue and diffuse erythema of oropharyngeal mocosae; polymorphic rashes; and non-exudative conjunctival injection (100%, 89%, and 88%, respectively). Unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy was seen in 53% subjects. Anemia and leukocytosis were frequently seen in acute phase, while thrombocytosis developed during the second week. The ESR and CRP also increased during acute phase. However, in 15% subjects with increased ESR, the CRP remained normal, and vice versa. Hypoalbuminemia occured in 70% subjects, and infiltrate on chest xray appeared in 71% subjects. The incidence of coronary artery aneurysm at initial echocardiography was 30%, with small aneurysm were predominant, 3% considered moderate, and 1% was categorized as giant aneurysm.

Conclusion: Changes in lips and oral cavity, polymorphic rashes, and non-exudative conjunctival injection are the most common clinical profiles, besides fever. Unilateral cervical lympadenopathy is the least frequent manifestation. The ESR and CRP examinations should be done to support the diagnosis of KD. Hypoalbuminemia and infiltrate findings on chest xrays might be considered as an aid in diagnosing KD in Indonesian children. However, further study is needed for validation."

"Latar Belakang: Air susu ibu merupakan nutrisi ideal untuk bayi yang direkomendasikan untuk diberikan secara eksklusif hingga usia 4-6 bulan. Air susu ibu mengandung zat bioaktif yang dapat mempercepat proses maturasi dan menjaga integritas mukosa usus. Pemeriksaan yang bersifat mudah, cepat, non-invasif dan terpercaya untuk menilai integritas mukosa usus yaitu alfa-1 antitripsin (AAT), calprotectin, dan IgA sekretorik (sIgA) feses. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan integritas mukosa usus dengan mengukur kadar AAT, calprotectin dan sIgA feses pada subjek bayi ASI dan susu formula eksklusif (SF) dan mengetahui hubungan antara jenis asupan nutrisi dengan integritas mukosa usus bayi pada usia 4-6 bulan. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2013. Subjek penelitian adalah bayi sehat berusia 4-6 bulan yang datang ke poliklinik anak RS St Carolus Jakarta dan yang bertempat tinggal di Kecamatan Pasar Minggu dan Cempaka Putih Jakarta. Kadar AAT, calprotectin, dan sIgA feses diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk mencari hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan integritas mukosa usus dengan uji Kai kuadrat atau Fisher (analisis bivariat). Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan pada 80 subjek (ASI n=40, SF n=40). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan karakteristik yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok. Kelompok ASI memiliki nilai rerata kadar AAT feses yang lebih tinggi secara bermakna (p=0,02). Kelompok SF memiliki kadar calprotectin yang lebih tinggi namun tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,443) dibanding dengan bayi ASI. Kelompok ASI memiliki median kadar sIgA yang lebih tinggi secara tidak signifikan (p=0,104) dibandingkan dengan bayi SF. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pemberian nutrisi dengan peningkatan kadar AAT feses bayi ASI. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis asupan nutrisi dengan penurunan kadar calprotectin (p=0,65) dan peningkatan kadar sIgA feses (p=0,26). Simpulan: Bayi ASI eksklusif menunjukkan integritas mukosa usus yang lebih baik dari bayi SF eksklusif. Kadar AAT lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada bayi ASI eksklusif diduga berkaitan dengan AAT yang diperoleh dari ASI.

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Background: Breastmilk is recognised for its ideal nutritional benefits for babies and has been recommended to be given exclusively for 6 months of life. Breastmilk also known to have bioactive substances that could modulates the gastrointestinal maturation and maintain its mucosal integrity. Markers that are easy, non-invasive and reliable like fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), calprotectin, and secretoric imunoglobulin A (sIgA) have been known as marker to asses gut wall integrity.

Objective: To determine the difference of gut wall integrity based on fecal AAT, calprotectin, and sIg A level of exclusive breastmilk (BF) and formula feeding (FF) infant at 4-6 month of age. To determine the correlation between feeding type with gut wall integrity.

Methods: The study was conducted from June to Oktober 2013. Subjects were babies of 4-6 months old who came to pediatric policlinic at St Carolus hospital, and live in Kecamatan Pasar Minggu and Kecamatan Cempaka Putih, Jakarta. The fecal markers analized with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methode. Chi square and Fischer test were used to analyze the correlation between feeding type and gut wall integrity (bivariate analysis).

Results: There were 80 babies recruited (BF=40, FF=40). There were no statisticaly difference between the characteristics of two groups. The BF group showed higher fecal AAT level compared to FF group (p=0,02). The FF group showed a higher fecal calprotectin and the BF group had a higher level of fecal sIgA compared to BF group but not statisticaly different (p=0,443, p=0,104). There was significant correlation between fecal AAT level of babies with breastmilk feeding (p=0,02). There were no significant correlation between fecal calprotectin (p=0,65) and sIgA level with the feeding type (p=0,26).

Conclusion: The BF babies had better mucosal integrity compared to FF babies. The fecal AAT level were significantly higher in breastmilk feeding babies and related with AAT from breastmilk."

"Background The prevalence of allergic disease to be increasing across the world. More than 20 of the population worldwide suffer from diseases which mediated by immunoglobulin E, such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema. There is no data about allergen sensitization of allergic disease in Manado.Objective The purpose of this study is to know the allergen sensitization in children with allergic diseases atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma . Children were divided into group less than and more than or equal to 3 years old, which was evidenced by skin prick test or IgE Atopy test in Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado.Methods This study was a descriptive cross sectional study, conducted from June until August 2016.Results A total of 95 children were included in the study, of which 77 children were ge 3 years old and 18 children were 3 years old. Seventy five children underwent skin prick test and 20 children underwent IgEAtopy test. In 3 years old children, there were 14 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 4 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and asthma. In ge 3 years old children, the most common diagnosis was allergic rhinitis, as many as 21 children. Allergen sensitization found in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis asthma was cow rsquo s milk, house dust mites and egg white. Sensitization to house dust mites most commonly found in patients with atopic dermatitis. The most common allergen sensitization in ge 3 years old children was house dust mites, egg white, potatoes, dog fur, cow 39 s milk, wheat flour and soya formula.Conclusion The most common allergen sensitization in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis is cow 39 s milk, while in children with asthma and atopic dermatitis is house dust mites, whereas in ge 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, or combination of the disease is house dust mites."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Anak HIV yang hidup di daerah endemis campak harus memiliki antibodi campak yang protektif karena mereka memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk terinfeksi dan mendapatkan komplikasinya. Belum ada laporan mengenai seroprevalens antibodi campak pada anak HIV di Jakarta. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seroprevalens antibodi campak dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengannya pada anak-anak HIV.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan di poliklinik Alergi-Imunologi RSCM pada Desember 2019 hingga Februari 2020. Kriteria inklusiadalah anak usia 1-18 tahun yang telah didiagnosis terinfeksi HIV dan bersedia ikut dalam penelitian. Sampel darah diperiksa untuk mengetahui nilai IgG anti campak.Seroprotektif jika nilai IgG anti campak ≥330 IU/l. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari 74 subjek, didapatkan laki-laki 44 orang (59,5%), 64,9% anak didiagnosis terinfeksi HIV dan mendapatkan terapi ART pada usia 12 sampai 60 bulan, 73% anak mendapatkan vaksin campak pertama mereka pada usia kurang dari 12 bulan, 52,7% mendapat vaksin campak yang terakhir pada usia sekolah, dan 55,4% mendapatkan vaksinasi campak sebanyak dua kali atau lebih. Sebagian besar pasien tanpa imunodefisiensi (86,5%), dan 50% subjek memiliki status seroprotektif antibodi campak. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara status seroprotektif antibodi campak dengan usia, usia vaksinasi campak pertama, frekuensi vaksinasi campak, dan status imunodefisiensi.Simpulan: Sebesar 50% anak HIV memiliki antibodi campak protektif. Status seroprotektif ini tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan usia, usia vaksinasi campakpertama, frekuensi vaksinasi campak, dan status imunodefisiensi.

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Background: HIV children living in endemic measles areas must have protective measles antibodies because they have a higher risk to be infected and get complications. There are no reports of measles antibody seroprevalence in HIV children in Jakarta. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalens of measles antibodiesand its related factors in HIV children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the RSCM Allergy-Immunology Clinic from December 2019 to February 2020. Inclusion criteria were children aged 1- 18 years who had been diagnosed with HIV and were willing to participate in this study. Blood samples were examined to determine the value of anti-measles IgG. Seroprotective if IgG anti-measles titre ≥330 IU/l. Data is collected and analyzed using logistic regression test. Results: Of 74 samples, there were 44 men (59.5%), 64.9% of children were diagnosedwith HIV and received ART at 12 to 60 months, 73% of children received their first measles vaccine before 12 months of age, 52.7% got their last measles vaccine at school age, and 55.4% got measles vaccinations twice or more. The majority of patients without immunodeficiency (86.5%), and 50% of the sample had seroprotective statusfor measles antibodies. There was no significant relationship between seroprotective status of measles antibody with age, age of first measles vaccination, frequency of measles vaccination, and immunodeficient status. Conclusion: As 50% HIV children have seroprotective measles antibody. There is no significant relationship between seroprotective status and age, age at first meaasles vaccination, number of measles vaccination, and immunodeficiency status."