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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Streptococcus pneumoniae adalah etiologi yang paling sering ditemukan pada pneumonia komunitas. Studi di Semarang mendapatkan bahwa angka kejadian pneumonia pneumokokus adalah sebesar 13,5% dari seluruh kasus pneumonia komunitas. Beberapa faktor termasuk vaksinasi mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia pneumokokus dan komplikasi penyakit pneumokokus invasif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi dan karakteristik pneumonia pneumokokus pada pasien pneumonia komunitas.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang yang dilakukan pada pasien pneumonia komunitas di rumah sakit umum pusat Persahabatan Jakarta pada bulan April-Oktober 2018. Diagnosis pneumonia komunitas ditegakkan apabila terdapat infiltrat baru pada foto toraks disertai dua dari lima gejala demam, sesak napas, batuk, batuk darah, atau nyeri dada yang terjadi dalam kurun waktu kurang dari dua minggu. Pada tiap subjek penelitian akan dilakukan wawancara medis, pemeriksaan fisis, foto toraks, pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan biakan spesimen seperti sputum, darah, dan cairan pleura. Hasil biakan positif S. pneumoniae akan diperiksakan serotipe, uji kepekaan dan resistensi antibiotik.Hasil: Dari 92 subjek penelitian didapatkan proporsi pneumonia pneumokokus sebesar 12%. Sebagian besar subjek pasien pneumonia pneumokokus berusia 19-64 tahun (72,7%), laki-laki (72,7%), memiliki komorbid paru (54,5%) dan ekstra paru (45,5%), malnutrisi (72,7%), tidak merokok saat ini (81,8%), dan tidak pernah divaksinasi pneumokokus (100%). Sesak napas, batuk, dan demam adalah gejala klinis yang sering ditemukan. Gambaran radiologis yang terbanyak ditemukan adalah infiltrat. Derajat penyakit pada kelompok ini adalah nilai CURB-65 ≤ 2 (100%). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan angka penyakit pneumokokus invasif sebesar 18,2%. Serotipe pada pasien pneumonia pneumokokus dengan penyakit pneumokokus invasif adalah 6A/6B dan 7F/7A, sedangkan pada pasien tanpa penyakit pneumokokus invasif adalah serotipe 3, 6A/6B, 4, 9V/9A, 15A/15F, dan 16F. Telah ditemukan beberapa serotipe pneumokokus yang resisten terhadap antibiotik seperti golongan penisilin, makrolid, tetrasiklin, kloramfenikol, dan klindamisin. Kesimpulan: Proporsi pneumonia pneumokokus pada pasien pneumonia komunitas dewasa di penelitian ini adalah sebesar 12% dan angka kekerapan penyakit pneumokokus invasif sebesar 18,2%. Beberapa karakteristik tampak dominan pada subjek pasien pneumonia pneumokokus, namun hasil uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna."

"Latar belakang: Pneumonia menjadi penyebab infeksi tersering yang meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas pasien kanker paru. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) merupakan penanda hayati yang sering digunakan untuk mendiagnosis infeksi terutama pneumonia. Nilai titik potong kadar PCT untuk mendiagnosis pneumonia pada kanker paru sampai saat ini belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran PCT dalam diagnosis pneumonia pada pasien kanker paru. Metode: Penelitian uji diagnostik dengan desain potong lintang terhadap pasien kanker paru dan terduga pneumonia di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan ruang perawatan paru RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta bulan Agustus-Oktober 2018. Pneumonia ditegakkan berdasarkan panduan pneumonia yang dikeluarkan oleh Persatuan Dokter Paru Indonesia. Pemeriksaan PCT dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar PCT pada kanker paru dengan dan tanpa pneumonia serta dilakukan analisis untuk menentukan titik potong optimal kadar PCT untuk diagnosis pneumonia pada pasien kanker paru dengan menggunakan ROC. Hasil: Sebanyak 60 pasien kanker paru diikutsertakan. Pasien kanker paru dengan pneumonia sebanyak 31 orang (51,7%) dengan karakteristik laki-laki sebanyak 77,4% dan rerata usia 54,68±10,59 tahun, jenis kanker terbanyak adenokarsinoma (51,6%), stage IV (83,9%), skala tampilan 3 (45,2%), status gizi kurang (45,2%), dan bekas perokok (54,8%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna median kadar PCT pasien kanker paru dengan pneumonia dibandingkan tanpa pneumonia [1,81 (0,08-200)μg/L berbanding 0,30 (0,05-3,67) μg/L;p<0,001]. Terdapat peningkatan kadar PCT pasien kanker paru dengan metastasis, komponen neuroendokrin, jumlah metastasis ≥ 2, metastasis hepar meskipun hasil ini tidak bermakna secara statistik. Serum PCT berperan lebih baik dibandingkan kadar leukosit dan hitung jenis neutrofil untuk membedakan antara pneumonia dan bukan pneumonia pada pasien kanker paru (p <0,001, p=0,297; p=0,290). Serum PCT memiliki akurasi yang baik dengan AUC 0,829 (IK 95% 0,722-0,935]. Titik potong optimal kadar PCT untuk mendiagnosis pneumonia pada pasien kanker paru adalah 0,65 μg/L dengan sensitivitas 77,4% dan spesifisitas 79,3%. Kesimpulan: Kadar PCT pada pasien kanker paru dengan pneumonia lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa pneumonia. Titik potong optimal kadar PCT untuk diagnosis pneumonia pada kanker paru adalah 0,65 μg/L.

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Background: Pneumonia accounts for higher morbidity and mortality than any other infections in lung cancer patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a clinical biomarker to diagnose infection including pneumonia. Cut off point to diagnose pneumonia in lung cancer patient still unclear. The study aims to determine the roleof PCT in diagnosing pneumonia in lung cancer patients.

Methods: Diagnostic test with cross sectional design was conducted in lung cancer patients with suspected pneumonia admitted to emergency and pulmonary ward of Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia between August – October 2018. A diagnosis of pneumonia was complying to the guideline provided by the Indonesian Society of Respirology. Serum PCT level (sPCT) between lung cancer patients with and without pneumonia was measured followed by statistical analysis. The optimal sPCT cut off point to diagnose pneumonia in lung cancer was determined using ROC curve.

Result: From sixty patients, lung cancer patients presented with pneumonia was found in 31 patients (51.7%) with mean age 54.68±10.59 yo, which 77.4% were males, 51.6% were adenocarcinomas, 83.9% were stage IV cases, 45.2% were patients with ECOG performance status of 3, 45.2% were underweight and 54.8% were ex-smokers. The sPCT were significantly higher in lung cancer with pneumonia compared to those without pneumonia [1.81 (0.08-200)μg/L vs 0.30 (0.05-3.67) μg/L; p<0.001]. The sPCT were higher in lung cancer accompanied with metastasis, neuroendocrine component, ≥2 metastatic sites and liver metastatic, although these results were not statistically significant. The sPCT showed a better performance in differentiating pneumonia in lung cancer compared to leucocyte count and absolute neutrophil count (p <0.001, p=0.297; p=0.290, respectively). The sPCT showed a good accuracy to diagnose pneumonia in lung cancer with AUC 0.829 (CI 95% 0.722-0.935). The optimal cut off point of sPCT to diagnose pneumonia in lung cancer was 0.65 μg/L with 77.4% sensitivity and 79,3% specificity.

Conclusion: The sPCT was significantly higher in lung cancer with pneumonia than those without pneumonia. The optimal cut off point of sPCT to diagnose pneumonia in lung cancer was 0.65 μg/L."

"Latar Belakang:Tuberkulosis resisten obat (TB-RO) merupakan ancaman bagi seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia, karena memerlukan waktu lama dan biaya yang besar dalam mengobati penyakit tersebut meskipun telah ditangani dengan baik. Data penelitian di luar negeri menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kekambuhan TB-RO, tapi datanya sangat terbatas. Di Indonesia belum ada data tentang angka kekambuhan TB-RO.Tujuan: Mengevaluasi pasien TB resisten obat (TB-RO) pasca pengobatan yang datang kontrol pada bulan ke 6, 12, 18, dan 24 di RSUP Persabatan Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien TB-RO yang telah dinyatakan sembuh dan pengobatan lengkap yang datang kontrol di poli MDR RSUP Persahatan Jakarta mulai bulan April 2017 sampai Desember 2017. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan foto toraks dan biakan sputum. Mencatat data pengobatan dan hasil-hasil pemeriksaan terkait data yang diperlukan dalam dalam rekam medis pasien.Hasil: Didapatkan 60 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 42,3 + 12,5 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki 31 (51,7%) dan perempuan 29 (48,3%), dengan rerata IMT 21,75+ 4,34. Dari hasil foto toraks didapatkan gambaran dominan lesi luas dan hasil kultur sputum semua pasien yang diteliti tidak ditemukan pertumbuhan Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan kekambuhan pada pasien TB resisten obat yang yang telah dinyatakan sembuh dan pengobatan lengkap yang datang kontrol pasca pengobatan di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate DR-TB patients which was biannually performed for two-years (e.g. at the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th mos) after treatment completion.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved DR-TB patients completing their treatment at Persahabatan General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, between April and December 2017. The post-treatment evaluation during the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th mos included clinical, chest x-ray (CXR) and sputum culture examination.

Results: Sixty patients were observed in this study, 31 (51.7%) were males and 29 (48.3%) were females. The mean age was 42.3+12.5 yo and the mean body mass index was 21.75+4.34. Fourty nine (81.7%) patients showed extensive lesions per CXR and none of the patient showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth per sputum culture.

Conclusion: There was no recurrence of DR-TB from patients completing their treatment at Persahabatan General Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia during two-years post-treatment evaluation."

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ABSTRAK

Nama : Tri NurhayatiningsihProgram Studi : Mutu Layanan KesehatanJudul : Analisis Hubungan Faktor Individu dan Faktor Tim Kerja TerhadapPerilaku Petugas Kesehatan dalam Mendukung Keselamatan Pasien diRSUP Persahabatan Jakarta Tahun 2019Pembimbing : Prof. DR. R. Ayu Dewi Sartika, Apt, MscRumah sakit sebagai suatu organisasi yang bergerak dalam bidang pelayanan kesehatandituntut untuk selalu meningkatkan mutu pelayanannya. Salah satu parameter untukmenilai mutu rumah sakit adalah penilaian akreditasi oleh lembaga yang telahtersertifikasi nasional maupun internasional. Fokus penilaian pada proses akreditasiadalah peningkatan mutu berkelanjutan yang mengutamakan keselamatan pasien.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa gambaran perilaku tenaga kesehatan dalammematuhi standar pelayanan yang mengutamakan keselamatan pasien sehingga risikoinsiden yang dapat membahayakan keselamatan pasien menjadi berkurang danberdampak terhadap mutu pelayanan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan denganmix method observasi lapangan dan metode kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional.Sampel penelitian menggunakan simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampelsebanyak 161 responden. Pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan melalui observasilapangan dan telaah dokumen sedangkan data primer dilakukan melalui pengisiankuesioner. Hasil penelitian diketahui perilaku petugas yang mendukung keselamatanpasien pada tingkat kepatuhan 90% sebanyak 64%. Faktor yang mempunyai hubungandengan perilaku petugas mendukung keselamatan pasien adalah pendidikan (p value0,001), profesi (p value 0,047), pengetahuan (p value 0,029), sikap (p value 0,001),supervise (p value 0,001) dan kerjasama tim (p value 0,001) dengan variabel dominandari hasil analisis multivariate adalah sikap (OR 12,382) dan confounding factor umur,pendidikan, profesi pengetahuan, supervise dan kerjasama tim, namun tidak didapatkanadanya interaksi antar variabel tersebut. Butir permasalahan yang masih rendah padaperilaku adalah terkait beban kerja dimana masih ada yang memaksakan bekerja saatkondisi lelah dan konsentrasi berkurang serta mengerjakan yang diluar kewenangannya.Upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk memperbaiki perilaku terkait keselamatan pasienadalah dengan melakukan pemetaan dan penghitungan beban kerja pegawai khususnyaunit pelayanan pasien, membuat materi edukasi terkait keselamatan pasien melaluimedia audio visual, memasukan perilaku terkait keselamatan pasien ke dalam penilaiankinerja pegawai, membuat program yang dapat memacu pegawai untuk berupayamenjadikan perilaku keselamatan menjadi budaya kerja. Upaya perbaikan keselamatanpasien harus dikelola dengan pendekatan sistemik. Sistem ini dapat dilihat sebagai suatusistem terbuka, di mana sistem terkecil akan dipengaruhi, bahkan tergantung padasistem yang lebih besar.Kata kunci: keselamatan pasien rumah sakit, perilaku petugas, faktor individu, faktortim kerja

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ABSTRACT

Name : Tri NurhayatiningsihStudy Program : Quality Health ServicesTitle : Analysis of Correlation Individual and Team Work Factor withBehavior of The Health Providers in Supporting Patient Safety atPersahabatan Hospital JakartaCounsellor : Prof. DR. R. Ayu Dewi Sartika, Apt, MscThe hospital as an organization engaged in the field of health services is required toalways improve the quality of the services. A parameter for assessing the quality ofhospitals is the assessment of accreditation by institutions that have been national andinternational certified. The focus of assessment on the accreditation process iscontinuous quality improvement that prioritizes patient safety. This study aims toanalysis description of the behavior of health workers to adhere the service standardsthat prioritize patient safety so that the risk of patient safety incidents had been reducedand have impact on better service quality. This research was conducted with a mixmethod study of field observation and quantitative study with a cross sectional design.The study sample used simple random sampling with a total sample of 161 respondents.Secondary data collection was carried out through field observations and documentstudies while the primary data was carried out through filling in questionnaires. Theresults of the study revealed that the behavior of officers who supported patient safety at90% compliance that amount of 64%. Factors that have a relationship with the behaviorof supporting patient safety are education (p value 0.001), profession (p value 0.047),knowledge (p value 0.029), attitude (p value 0.001), supervision (p value 0.001) andteamwork (p value 0.001) with the dominant variable from the results of multivariateanalysis is attitude (OR 12,382) and confounding factor are age, education, profession,knowledege, supervision and team work, in the otherside not found interaction of thatvaraible. The problems that are still low on behavior are related to workloads there arestill who force work when conditions are tired and the concentration is reduced, theother who work that is beyond their authority. To improve behavior related to patientsafety is to mapping and calculate employee workload, especially the unit of patientservices, make educational materials related to patient safety through audio visualmedia, incorporate behaviors related to patient safety into employee performanceindicator, create programs that can support employees to try make safety behavior to bea work culture.Keywords: hospital of patient safety, health provides behavior, individual factors, teamwork factors

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"Latar belakang : Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) merupakan salah satu penyakit kronik yang menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di dunia dan menyebabkan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi. Uji kondensasi udara napas merupakan metode non invasif, yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai kadar sitokin-sitokin proinflamasi pada pasien PPOK berdasarkan GOLD 2017.Metode penelitian : studi potong lintang dengan melibatkan 77 subjek pasienPPOK stabil yang tidak eksaserbasi dalam 4 minggu terakhir dan berobat di poli asma-PPOK serta menyetujui informed consent. Pasien ini dilakukan wawancara dengan skoring CAT dan mMRC dan dilakukan pemeriksaan fisis serta mengambil data foto toraks atau CT Scan toraks pasien kemudian data spirometri terakhir diambil untuk mendiagnosis pasien tersebut PPOK. Pasien lalu digolongkan derajat PPOK stabilnya berdasarkan kriteria GOLD 2017, dan diambil sampel uji kondensasi udara napas untuk diperiksakan kadar sitokin interleukin (IL) -6, 8, 13 dan tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α di laboratorium IMERI dengan pemeriksaan ELISA untuk masing-masing sitokin.Hasil: Interleukin 8 dapat terdeteksi pada 8 (10,4 %) pasien dari jumlah 77 pasiendengan nilai rata-rata 2,4 pg/mL, sedangkan kadar IL-13 dan TNF-α hanya terdeteksi pada 1 (1,3 %) pasien dengan nilai IL-13 6,912 pg/mL dan TNF-α 8,766 pg/mL. Kadar IL-6 terdeteksi pada 71 (92,2 %) pasien PPOK stabil dengan nilai rata-rata 0,7 pg/mL. Tidak ada hubungan antara kadar IL-8, IL-6, IL-13 dan TNF- α dengan derajat PPOK (p > 0,05), meskipun kadar IL-8 dan IL-6 ditemukan mengalami peningkatan pada masing-masing kelompok PPOK. Hanya satu pasien ditemukan semua kadar sitokinnya terdeteksi yang setelah ditelusuri, pasientersebut memiliki jumlah eosinofil darah 1120 /ÅμL dan nilai CRP darah 5,8 mg/L.Kadar TNF-α dan IL-13 pada penelitian ini memiliki hubungan bermakna denganstatus merokok pasien (p = 0,00).Kesimpulan: Uji kondensasi udara napas merupakan metode non invasif yang dapat digunakan pada pasien PPOK stabil untuk menilai kadar sitokin proinflamasi pada pasien PPOK stabil.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease which is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The exhaled breath condensation (EBC) test is a non-invasive test method to assess pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in COPD patients based on GOLD 2017.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving 77 subjects with stable COPD who had not exacerbated in the past 4 weeks and treated at asthma-COPD outward clinic in Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital. Subjects were interviewed with CAT and mMRC scoring system and were examined for their radiographic imaging by chest x-ray or CT. Patients were classified as stable COPD levels based on the GOLD 2017, and EBC were examined for levels of interleukin (IL) -6, 8, 13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α using ELISA methods.

Results: Interleukin 8 was detected in 8 (10.4%) patients out of 77 patients with an average value of 2.4 pg/mL, whereas IL-13 and TNF-α levels were only detected in 1 (1.3%) patient at 6.912 pg/mL and TNF-α 8.766 pg/mL, respectively. IL-6 levels were detected in 71 (92.2%) with average value of 0.7 pg/mL. There were no relationship between IL-8, IL-6, IL-13 and TNF-α levels with COPD degrees (p> 0.05), although IL-8 and IL-6 levels were found to be increased in each COPD group. Only one patient presented with all cytokine detected whose had a blood

eosinophil count of 1120 /ÅμL and a blood CRP level of 5.8 mg/L. TNF-α and IL-

13 levels in this study were correlated with the subject's smoking status (p = 0.00).

Conclusion: The EBC test is a non-invasive method that can be used in stable COPD patients to assess pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in stable COPD patients."

"Rumah sakit mempunyai peran dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan dengan menyediakan perawatan medis untuk masyarakat yang terdampak sehingga kesiapan rumah sakit sangat penting dalam merespon pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan rumah sakit dalam penanganan COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Dr. Soeharto Heerdjan dan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada bulan Juni – November 2022. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara mendalam terhadap 20 informan dari Rumah Sakit Jiwa Dr. Soeharto Heerdjan dan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan dan juga dengan cara telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 4 dari 12 komponen belum mendapatkan capaian 100% di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Dr. Soeharto Heerdjan. Sedangkan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan terdapat 1 dari 12 komponen yang belum tercapai 100% berdasarkan Rapid Hospital Readiness Checklist WHO. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan untuk membuat pedoman atau protokol dokumen terkait pengendalian COVID-19 di rumah sakit dan pelaksanaan pelatihan pertolongan psikologi pada staf rumah sakit.

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Hospital has a role in the health service system by providing medical care for affected communities so hospital readiness is very important to respond COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to find out hospital readiness in dealing COVID-19 pandemic at Dr. Suharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital and Persahabatan Central General Hospital. This study used a qualitative method design with a case study approach in June - November 2022. Data was collected by using in- depth interview with 20 informants from Dr. Suharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital and Persahabatan Central General Hospital and documents review. The results showed that 4 of the 12 components had not achieved 100% at the Dr. Suharto Heerjan Mental Hospital. While at Persahabatan Central General Hospital, there is 1 out of 12 components that have not reached 100% based on the WHO Rapid Hospital Readiness Checklist. Based on this study’s results, it is suggested to make guidelines or protocols related to controlling COVID-19 in hospitals and implementing psychological assistance training for hospital staff."

"Malnutrisi dan Tuberkulosis (TB) memiliki hubungan bidireksional, dimana saling berinteraksi satu sama lain. Pada kondisi infeksi kronis, terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara pemecahan protein dan sintesis protein yang ditandai dengan menurunnya massa bebas lemak. Malnutrisi juga menyebabkan atrofi timus sehingga terjadi penurunan proliferasi limfosit. Kondisi malnutrisi pada pasien TB akan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Kualitas hidup yang baik akan meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan, menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas. Short Form-36 (SF-36) merupakan kuesioner untuk menilai kualitas hidup yang dapat menilai 2 komponen yaitu komponen fisik (PCS) dan mental (MCS).  Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan asupan protein, massa bebas lemak dan hitung limfosit total dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien TB paru fase intensif di 12 puskesmas yang dipilih secara random di Kota Pekanbaru, Riau. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling, dan didapatkan 72 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai tengah usia adalah 33 tahun dengan usia terendah 18 tahun dan tertinggi 59 tahun. Sebanyak 56,9% subjek adalah laki-laki, sebagian besar berpendidikan menengah dengan pendapatan kurang, perokok aktif dan dengan status gizi kurang (underweight). Sebanyak 59,7% subjek memiliki asupan protein yang kurang, 86,1% dengan massa bebas lemak yang rendah, dan 88,9% subjek memiliki hitung limfosit yang normal. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki kualitas hidup PCS dan MCS yang baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat korelasi dengan kekuatan lemah yang bermakna secara statistik antara massa bebas lemak dengan PCS (r = 0,239, p = 0,044), sedangkan asupan protein dan hitung limfosit total tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi baik terhadap PCS maupun MCS.

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Introduction: Malnutrition and Tuberculosis (TB) have bidirectional relationship, which interact between each other. In chronic infection, there is an imbalance between protein degradation and protein synthesis which marked with the loss of fat free mass (FFM). Malnutrition can cause the atrophy of thymus gland resulted in the reduction of lymphocyte production. Malnutrition in TB patients will reduce quality of life. On the other hand, a good quality of life will increase treatment success rate and decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality. Short Form-36 (SF-36) is a questionnaire used to assess quality of life consists of two different components, physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS).

Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess correlation between protein intake, fat free mass, and total lymphocyte count with quality of life among intensive phase lung tuberculosis patients. Data collected from May to July 2019 in 12 primary health centers chosen randomly in Pekanbaru, Riau Province. Samples selected using consecutive sampling method and 72 subjects fulfilled all research criteria. Interview was used to collect basic characteristic data, dietary intake data, and quality of life score. Anthropometric measurement (body weight, body height, and fat free mass) and laboratory examination (total lymphocyte count) were done. Spearman, Pearson, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskall Wallis test were used in this study.

Results: Research showed median age subjects was 33 years old (18-59 years old). Most of the subjects were male (56.9%), had middle level of education, had low income, were active smoker with underweight nutritional status. Around 59.7% subjects had low protein intake, 86.1% subjects had low fat free mass, and 88.9% subjects had normal lymphocyte count. Most of the subjects had good physical and mental component score of quality of life assessment.

Conclusion: There was a statistically significant weak correlation between fat free mass with PCS (r = 0.239, p = 0.044). However, there was no correlation found between protein intake or total lymphocyte count with PCS or MCS."

"[ABSTRAKPendahuluan. Kanker paru jenis karsinoma bukan sel kecil (KPKBSK) terdiri dari nonskuamosa dan skuamosa. Kanker paru jenis karsinoma bukan sel kecil nonskuamosa adalah adenokarsinoma dan karsinoma sel besar. Saat ini terapi kanker paru sangat berkembang dari agen kemoterapi sampai terapi target terutama EGFR-TKI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai angka tahan hidup pasien KPKSBK nonskuamosa yang mendapat kemoterapi lini pertama dibandingkan terapi EGFR-TKI di RSUP Persahabatan.Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian retrospektif antara tahun 2010 sampai 2013 dari rekam medis pasien KPKBSK non skumosa yang mendapatkan kemoterapi lini pertama dan EGFR-TKI. Pasien dikemoterapi dengan platinum baseddan EGFR-TKI diterapi gefitinib 1x250 mg/hari atau erlotinib 1x150 mg/hari. Angka tahan hidup dinilai dari mulai tegak diagnosis sampai pasien meninggal atau saat penelitian dihentikan.Hasil. Dari 96 sampel KPKBSK non skuamosa terdiri dari 48 pasien yang mendapat kemoterapi lini pertama dan 48 pasien yang diterapi EGFR-TKI. Berdasarkan karakteristik pasien, usia terbanyak adalah 40-60 tahun (kemoterapi 32 (66,7%) dan EGFR-TKI 31 (64,6%) dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki yang mendominasi (kemoterapi 25(52,1%), EGFR-TKI 27 (56,2%). Pasien merokok yang mendapat kemoterapi lini pertama 41,7% dan EGFR-TKI 56,3% dengan IB terbanyak untuk kemoterapi (IB ringan 27,1%) dan untuk EGFR-TKI (IB sedang 22,9%). Jenis histologi adenokarsinoma 95,8% dengan dominasi stage IV 89,6% (kemoterapi 91,7% dan EGFR-TKI 87,5%) disertai tampilan status 2 59,4%. Angka tahan hidup pasien (ATH) 6 bulan 74%, ATH 1 tahun 22,90% dan ATH 2 tahun 6,20%. Masa tengah tahan hidup (MTTH) pasien yang mendapat EGFR-TKI lebih lama sedikit dibandingkan yang mendapat kemoterapi lini pertama (263 hari versus 260 hari.Kesimpulan. Masa tahan hidup 1 tahun pasien KPKBSK non skuamosa yang diterapi EGFR-TKI sedikit lebih lama dibandingkan kemoterapi lini pertama (263 hari vs 260 hari). Sedangkan ATH 1 tahun pasien kemoterapi lini pertama lebih besar dibandingkan EGFR-TKI (25% vs 20,8%). Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi angka tahan hidup adalah stage dengan nilai p<0,05.

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ABSTRACT Introduction. Lung cancer is the type of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) consists of non-squamous and squamous. Non-small cell lung cancer of non squamous types consist of adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Currently, lung cancer therapy is highly developed of chemotherapeutic agents to targeted therapy especially EGFR-TKI. This study aims to assess the survival rate of NSCLC patients of non-squamous type who receive first line chemotherapy and those who recieve EGFR-TKI therapy at Persahabatan hospital.Methods. This study is a retrospective study between 2010 to 2013 from the medical records of NSCLC patients of non-squmous type who receive first-line chemotherapy and thise who recieve EGFR-TKI.Patients with platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI with gefitinib therapy 1x250 mg/day or erlotinib 1x150mg/day. Survival rate assessed from start to erect the diagnosis until the patient dies or when the study is discontinued.Result. From 96 subject of NSCLC patients with non-squamous type consisted of 48 patients who receive first-line chemotherapy, and 48 patients are treate with EGFR-TKI. Based on the characteristics of the patients, most are 40-60 years old (chemotherapy 32 (66.7%) and EGFR-TKI 31 (64.6%) with the male gender that dominates (chemotherapy 25 (52.1%), EGFR-TKI 27 (56.2%). Smoking patients who received first-line chemotherapy are 41.7% and 56.3% of EGFR-TKIs with chemotherapy highest IB (mild IB 27.1%) and for EGFR-TKI (moderate IB are 22.9%). 95.8% of adenocarcinoma histology type with a predominance of stage IV 89.6% (91.7% for chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI 87.5%) with performance status 2 59.4% . Survival rate of patients are 74% for 6 months survival, 1 year survival rate is 22.90% and 2 years survival rate of 6.20%. Median period of survival rate in patients who receiving EGFR-TKI longer than they received first-line chemotherapy (263 days versus 260 days).Conclusion. Median survival rate of non-squamous NSCLC that treated by EGFR-TKI is longer than first-line chemotherapy (263 days vs 260 days). Although 1 year survival rate first-line chemotherapy in patients is greater than EGFR-TKI (25% vs 20.8%). The factors that most influence the survival rate is stages with p value<0.05.;Introduction. Lung cancer is the type of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) consists of non-squamous and squamous. Non-small cell lung cancer of non squamous types consist of adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Currently, lung cancer therapy is highly developed of chemotherapeutic agents to targeted therapy especially EGFR-TKI. This study aims to assess the survival rate of NSCLC patients of non-squamous type who receive first line chemotherapy and those who recieve EGFR-TKI therapy at Persahabatan hospital.Methods. This study is a retrospective study between 2010 to 2013 from the medical records of NSCLC patients of non-squmous type who receive first-line chemotherapy and thise who recieve EGFR-TKI.Patients with platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI with gefitinib therapy 1x250 mg/day or erlotinib 1x150mg/day. Survival rate assessed from start to erect the diagnosis until the patient dies or when the study is discontinued.Result. From 96 subject of NSCLC patients with non-squamous type consisted of 48 patients who receive first-line chemotherapy, and 48 patients are treate with EGFR-TKI. Based on the characteristics of the patients, most are 40-60 years old (chemotherapy 32 (66.7%) and EGFR-TKI 31 (64.6%) with the male gender that dominates (chemotherapy 25 (52.1%), EGFR-TKI 27 (56.2%). Smoking patients who received first-line chemotherapy are 41.7% and 56.3% of EGFR-TKIs with chemotherapy highest IB (mild IB 27.1%) and for EGFR-TKI (moderate IB are 22.9%). 95.8% of adenocarcinoma histology type with a predominance of stage IV 89.6% (91.7% for chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI 87.5%) with performance status 2 59.4% . Survival rate of patients are 74% for 6 months survival, 1 year survival rate is 22.90% and 2 years survival rate of 6.20%. Median period of survival rate in patients who receiving EGFR-TKI longer than they received first-line chemotherapy (263 days versus 260 days).Conclusion. Median survival rate of non-squamous NSCLC that treated by EGFR-TKI is longer than first-line chemotherapy (263 days vs 260 days). Although 1 year survival rate first-line chemotherapy in patients is greater than EGFR-TKI (25% vs 20.8%). The factors that most influence the survival rate is stages with p value<0.05.;Introduction. Lung cancer is the type of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) consists of non-squamous and squamous. Non-small cell lung cancer of non squamous types consist of adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Currently, lung cancer therapy is highly developed of chemotherapeutic agents to targeted therapy especially EGFR-TKI. This study aims to assess the survival rate of NSCLC patients of non-squamous type who receive first line chemotherapy and those who recieve EGFR-TKI therapy at Persahabatan hospital.Methods. This study is a retrospective study between 2010 to 2013 from the medical records of NSCLC patients of non-squmous type who receive first-line chemotherapy and thise who recieve EGFR-TKI.Patients with platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI with gefitinib therapy 1x250 mg/day or erlotinib 1x150mg/day. Survival rate assessed from start to erect the diagnosis until the patient dies or when the study is discontinued.Result. From 96 subject of NSCLC patients with non-squamous type consisted of 48 patients who receive first-line chemotherapy, and 48 patients are treate with EGFR-TKI. Based on the characteristics of the patients, most are 40-60 years old (chemotherapy 32 (66.7%) and EGFR-TKI 31 (64.6%) with the male gender that dominates (chemotherapy 25 (52.1%), EGFR-TKI 27 (56.2%). Smoking patients who received first-line chemotherapy are 41.7% and 56.3% of EGFR-TKIs with chemotherapy highest IB (mild IB 27.1%) and for EGFR-TKI (moderate IB are 22.9%). 95.8% of adenocarcinoma histology type with a predominance of stage IV 89.6% (91.7% for chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI 87.5%) with performance status 2 59.4% . Survival rate of patients are 74% for 6 months survival, 1 year survival rate is 22.90% and 2 years survival rate of 6.20%. Median period of survival rate in patients who receiving EGFR-TKI longer than they received first-line chemotherapy (263 days versus 260 days).Conclusion. Median survival rate of non-squamous NSCLC that treated by EGFR-TKI is longer than first-line chemotherapy (263 days vs 260 days). Although 1 year survival rate first-line chemotherapy in patients is greater than EGFR-TKI (25% vs 20.8%). The factors that most influence the survival rate is stages with p value<0.05.;Introduction. Lung cancer is the type of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) consists of non-squamous and squamous. Non-small cell lung cancer of non squamous types consist of adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Currently, lung cancer therapy is highly developed of chemotherapeutic agents to targeted therapy especially EGFR-TKI. This study aims to assess the survival rate of NSCLC patients of non-squamous type who receive first line chemotherapy and those who recieve EGFR-TKI therapy at Persahabatan hospital.Methods. This study is a retrospective study between 2010 to 2013 from the medical records of NSCLC patients of non-squmous type who receive first-line chemotherapy and thise who recieve EGFR-TKI.Patients with platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI with gefitinib therapy 1x250 mg/day or erlotinib 1x150mg/day. Survival rate assessed from start to erect the diagnosis until the patient dies or when the study is discontinued.Result. From 96 subject of NSCLC patients with non-squamous type consisted of 48 patients who receive first-line chemotherapy, and 48 patients are treate with EGFR-TKI. Based on the characteristics of the patients, most are 40-60 years old (chemotherapy 32 (66.7%) and EGFR-TKI 31 (64.6%) with the male gender that dominates (chemotherapy 25 (52.1%), EGFR-TKI 27 (56.2%). Smoking patients who received first-line chemotherapy are 41.7% and 56.3% of EGFR-TKIs with chemotherapy highest IB (mild IB 27.1%) and for EGFR-TKI (moderate IB are 22.9%). 95.8% of adenocarcinoma histology type with a predominance of stage IV 89.6% (91.7% for chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI 87.5%) with performance status 2 59.4% . Survival rate of patients are 74% for 6 months survival, 1 year survival rate is 22.90% and 2 years survival rate of 6.20%. Median period of survival rate in patients who receiving EGFR-TKI longer than they received first-line chemotherapy (263 days versus 260 days).Conclusion. Median survival rate of non-squamous NSCLC that treated by EGFR-TKI is longer than first-line chemotherapy (263 days vs 260 days). Although 1 year survival rate first-line chemotherapy in patients is greater than EGFR-TKI (25% vs 20.8%). The factors that most influence the survival rate is stages with p value<0.05., Introduction. Lung cancer is the type of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) consists of non-squamous and squamous. Non-small cell lung cancer of non squamous types consist of adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Currently, lung cancer therapy is highly developed of chemotherapeutic agents to targeted therapy especially EGFR-TKI. This study aims to assess the survival rate of NSCLC patients of non-squamous type who receive first line chemotherapy and those who recieve EGFR-TKI therapy at Persahabatan hospital.Methods. This study is a retrospective study between 2010 to 2013 from the medical records of NSCLC patients of non-squmous type who receive first-line chemotherapy and thise who recieve EGFR-TKI.Patients with platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI with gefitinib therapy 1x250 mg/day or erlotinib 1x150mg/day. Survival rate assessed from start to erect the diagnosis until the patient dies or when the study is discontinued.Result. From 96 subject of NSCLC patients with non-squamous type consisted of 48 patients who receive first-line chemotherapy, and 48 patients are treate with EGFR-TKI. Based on the characteristics of the patients, most are 40-60 years old (chemotherapy 32 (66.7%) and EGFR-TKI 31 (64.6%) with the male gender that dominates (chemotherapy 25 (52.1%), EGFR-TKI 27 (56.2%). Smoking patients who received first-line chemotherapy are 41.7% and 56.3% of EGFR-TKIs with chemotherapy highest IB (mild IB 27.1%) and for EGFR-TKI (moderate IB are 22.9%). 95.8% of adenocarcinoma histology type with a predominance of stage IV 89.6% (91.7% for chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI 87.5%) with performance status 2 59.4% . Survival rate of patients are 74% for 6 months survival, 1 year survival rate is 22.90% and 2 years survival rate of 6.20%. Median period of survival rate in patients who receiving EGFR-TKI longer than they received first-line chemotherapy (263 days versus 260 days).Conclusion. Median survival rate of non-squamous NSCLC that treated by EGFR-TKI is longer than first-line chemotherapy (263 days vs 260 days). Although 1 year survival rate first-line chemotherapy in patients is greater than EGFR-TKI (25% vs 20.8%). The factors that most influence the survival rate is stages with p value<0.05.]"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Tuberkulosis TB menempati peringkat kedua penyebab kematian akibat infeksi setelah human immunodeficiency virus HIV di dunia. Tanpa pengobatan, angka kematian TB tinggi. Selama pengobatan TB, dapat terjadi hepatitis imbas obat HIO . Kejadian ini dapat menyebabkan pasien mendapat perubahan paduan obat antituberkulosis OAT . Perubahan paduan obat mungkin akan berakibat pada angka konversi.Metode: Lima puluh dari 72 sampel dengan TB paru bakteriologis kasus baru dengan HIO yang tercatat di dalam rekam medik diambil datanya secara retrospektif. Data usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, hasil pemeriksaan batang tahan asam BTA , waktu timbulnya HIO, faktor komorbid HIV dan DM , riwayat merokok, alkohol, OAT yang dihentikan, jenis OAT yang digunakan saat HIO dan parameter hematologi dicatat untuk kemudian dianalisis.Hasil penelitian: Angka konversi TB paru kasus baru yang mendapat perubahan paduan OAT akibat HIO adalah 70 . Kami dapatkan 26 pasien dengan usia > 50 tahun, 60 status gizi kurang dan 26 dengan DM. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, komorbid DM dan HIV serta jenis OAT yang digunakan saat HIO terhadap terjadinya konversi namun didapatkan responden HIO dengan status gizi kurang sebesar 60 mengalami konversi yang rendah 67 . Obat anti tuberkulosis yang digunakan saat HIO terbanyak adalah kombinasi RHES 76 dengan angka konversi 65,7 .Kesimpulan: Angka konversi TB paru kasus baru yang mendapat perubahan paduan OAT akibat HIO adalah 70 . Pasien TB paru dengan usia tua, status gizi kurang dan DM perlu mendapat pemantauan selama pengobatan. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar serta diikuti secara prospektif untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih detail sehingga faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap angka konversi dapat diketahui.

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ABSTRACTBackground Tuberculosis TB ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide after the human immunodeficiency virus HIV . Without treatment, the mortality rates of TB are high. Drug induced hepatotoxicity can occure during TB treatment which is leading to non standard antituberculosis drugs use. Modification of therapy might influence the conversion rate.Method Data collected from medical records retrospectively, 50 0f 72 samples with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and drug induced hepatitis who received modified regimen included in this study. Age, gender, nutritional status, sputum smear, time to occurance of hepatotoxicity, comorbid, smoking history, antituberculosis drug used after hepatotoxicity and hematology parameter are written for analysed.Results Conversion rate in newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients with drug induced hepatitis who received modified regimen was 70 . We found 32 patients with age 50 years old, 60 poor nutritional status and 26 with DM. No significant assosiation found between age, gender, nutritional status, comorbid DM, HIV and antituberculosis drug used after hepatotoxicity to conversion. Subjects with poor nutritional status are 60 with less sputum conversion 67 . Combination of RHES were more frequence used of antituberculosis drugs 76 with conversion rate 65,7 .Conclution Conversion rate in newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients with drug induced hepatitis who received modified regimen was 70 . Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with older age, poor nutritional status and DM need evaluation during treatment. Further research with large samples and prospective design are needed for getting more information and find other factors that influence sputum conversion."

"Latar belakang: Pengendalian infeksi dan penelusuran kontak erat di tempat risiko tinggi seperti asrama merupakan hal penting untuk mengontrol penularan Tuberkulosis TB . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang untuk penelusuran household contact dengan pasien TB di satu asrama. Metode: Lima puluh tujuh mahasiswi perempuan berusia 20-22 tahun yang tinggal di satu asrama dengan pasien TB paru BTA positif selama lebih dari 3 bulan. Subjek dianamnesis mengenai gejala dan riwayat TB, riwayat BCG lalu diperiksakan foto toraks, sputum Xpert M.TB Rif dan uji Interferon gamma release assay IGRA . Penelitian ini juga mengukur Air change per hour ACH untuk menentukan baik atau tidaknya ventilasi udara. Hasil penelitian: Terdapat 57 subjek dengan riwayat imunisasi BCG terdapat pada 84 subjek. Satu subjek 2 terbukti TB ekstra paru efusi pleura dari foto toraks. Empat subjek 7 tanpa gejala dan riwayat TB mendapatkan hasil uji IGRA positif. Xpert M.TB Rif semua subjek adalah negatif. Nilai ACH adalah 8x/jam jauh dibawah nilai standar World health organization WHO yaitu 12x/jam. Kesimpulan: Penelusuran kontak erat di asrama mampu mendeteksi TB laten sebanyak 7 dan TB TB ekstra paru sebanyak 2 .

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Background Infection control and contact tracing in the high risk place such as dormitory is important for controlling Tuberculosis TB transmission. This is a cross sectional study of contact investigation of a pulmonary TB patient in a college dormitory. Methods Fifty seven female students ages 20 22 years old who live in the same dormitory with the TB patient acid fast bacilli positive for more than three months. Subjects were interviewed regarding past and present TB history, Bacillus Calmette Guerin BCG vaccination followed by chest x ray, Xpert M.TB RIF sputum and Interferon gamma release assay IGRA test. This study also measured an Air change per hour ACH to determine a good ventilation. Results There were 57 subjects in this study with BCG was vaccinated in 84 subjects. Two 1 57 proven for extra pulmonary TB pleuritis TB from chest x ray. Four subjects 7 without past and present TB history exhibited positive IGRA result. All subjects showed negative Xpert M.TB RIF. The ACH level is 8x hour below the World health organization WHO standard 12x hour. Conclusion Contact investigation of the dormitory have able to indicate 7 subjects for LTBI and 2 for TB pleuritis TB ."