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"Pendahuluan: Ikan teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis) mengandung fluor dalam bentuk senyawa CaF2.Tujuan: Menganalisis perubahan kekerasan mikro permukaan email setelah pemberian ikan teri jengki.Metode: Perlakuan dilakukan pada 9 gigi tikus Sprague dawley yang terbagi menjadi kelompok baseline, perlakuan pakan teri, perlakuan oles larutan teri, kontrol negatif pakan, dan kontrol negatif akuades.Hasil: Nilai kekerasan Vickers pemberian ikan teri jengki metode pakan (440.30 ± 24.72) dan oles (510.32 ± 35.72) lebih tinggi bermakna daripada kontrolnya (315.80 ± 17.51) dan (347.28 ± 28.56).Kesimpulan: Penggunaan ikan teri jengki metode oles lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kekerasan email dibandingkan metode pemberian pakan.

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Introductions: Anchovies (Stolephorus insularis) contain high enough fluor in the form of CaF2.Aim: To analyze the alteration of enamel microhardness after anchovy substrate application.Method: Treatment was done on 9 incisors of Sprague dawley rats, comprised from groups which were baseline, feeding application, topical application, negative control of feeding, and negative control of topical.Results: Vickers hardness number of anchovies consumption by feeding (440.3 ± 24.72) and topical solution (510.32 ± 35.72) is statistically higher than its negative control (315.80 ± 17.51) and (347.28 ± 28.56).Conclusion: The use of anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) by topical is proven more effective in increasing the microhardness of tooth enamel surface."

"Pemanfaatan sumber daya alam Indonesia seperti ikan teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis), yang mengandung konsentrasi fluor tinggi (CaF2), perlu dikembangkan untuk fluoridasi topikal. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik in vivo menggunakan 14 ekor tikus Sprague dawley yang dibagi menjadi kelompok baseline, kontrol negatif pakan, kontrol negatif pengolesan, perlakuan pemberian pakan, dan perlakuan pengolesan larutan teri. Setelah 15 hari, gigi dipotong dan dianalisa dengan EDX. Terdapat peningkatan kadar retensi fluor pada email gigi kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan retensi fluor antar kelompok perlakuan (p>0.05). Maka pemberian substrat ikan teri jengki, baik lewat pengunyahan maupun pengolesan, meningkatkan retensi fluor pada email.

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Usage of Indonesian resource like anchovy (Stolephorus insularis), which contains high fluoride concentration (CaF2), needs to be pursued as of topical fluoridative agent. This experimental laboratory in vivo research used 14 Sprague dawley rats which were divided into baseline, experimental (feeding and smearing), and their negative control groups. After 15 days, teeth were extracted and analyzed using EDX. There were increased fluoride retention on enamel of experimental groups compared to negative control groups (p<0.05). Fluoride retention levels in both experimental groups were not different (p>0.05). Thus, anchovy substrate application, either by chewing or smearing, increases fluoride retention on tooth enamel."

"Penelitian ini membuktikan efektifitas teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis) sebagai fluoridasi gigi dengan acuan kedalaman intrusi fluor. Digunakan metode eksperimental laboratorik in vivo. Subjek 14 ekor tikus Sprague dawley dibagi menjadi kelompok baseline, kontrol negatif pakan, kontrol negatif oles, metode pakan teri, dan metode oles larutan teri. Setelah perlakuan 15 hari, gigi dipotong transversal, diproses untuk uji intrusi fluor menggunakan mikroskop fluoresensi. Didapatkan hasil peningkatan intrusi fluor pada kelompok eksperimental dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Intrusi fluor metode oles lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode pakan (p <0,05). Jadi, aplikasi teri jengki, baik lewat pengunyahan maupun pengolesan, meningkatkan intrusi fluor pada email.

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The effectiveness of anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) as a fluoridative agent is measured by depth of fluoride intrusion. This study used experimental laboratory method. 14 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into groups of baseline, experimental (feeding and smearing), and their negative controls. After 15 days, teeth were cut transversely and fluoride intrusions were observed using fluorescence microscope. There were increased fluoride intrusion in enamel of experimental groups compared to their negative controls (p<0.05). Fluoride intrusion of smearing group is higher than feeding group (p <0.05). Thus, application of anchovy substrate, either by chewing or smearing, increases fluoride intrusion in tooth enamel."

"Pendahuluan: Ikan teri jengki (Stolephorus insularis) mengandung fluor dalam bentuk senyawa CaF2 yang berperan dalam fluoridasi. Tujuan: Menganalisis perubahan ketahanan terhadap asam permukaan email setelah pemberian ikan teri jengki. Metode: Perlakuan dilakukan pada 9 gigi tikus Sprague dawley yang terbagi menjadi kelompok baseline, perlakuan pakan teri, perlakuan oles larutan teri, kontrol negatif pakan, dan kontrol negatif akuades. Hasil: Nilai ketahanan terhadap asam meningkat dilihat melalui kerusakan permukaan email dan perubahan kekerasan mikro permukaan email setelah pemaparan asam fosfat 50% selama 60 detik. Kesimpulan: ikan teri jengki dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan fluoridasi.

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Introductions: Anchovies (Stolephorus insularis) contain high enough fluor in the form of CaF2 and functioning as fluoridation material.

Aim: To analyze the alteration of enamel solubility towards acid after anchovy substrate application.

Method: Treatment was done on 9 incisors of Sprague dawley rats, comprised from groups which were baseline, feeding application, topical application, negative control of feeding, and negative control of topical.

Results: From the enamel surface destruction and email surface microscopic hardness shifting there is a decrease in enamel solubility towards acid after anchovy substrate application.

Conclusion: Stolephorus insularis can be used as an alternative material of fluoridation."

"Peridontitis kronis adalah salah satu penyakit gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi terbesar di Indonesia . Bakteri utama penyebab periodontitis kronis adalah bakteri black pigmented, yaitu Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Prevotella intermedia. Binahong telah terbukti secara ilmiah memiliki zat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek antibakteri infusum daun binahong terhadap bakteri black pigmented. Konsentrasi infusum yang diuji 100%, 95%, 80%, 65%, dan 50%. Uji difusi cakram kertas dilakukan untuk mengetahui zona hambatan menggunakan media agar brucella Dari uji difusi pada media agar brucella didapatkan nilai zona hambatan sebesar : 0,42 mm (50%), 1,21 mm (65%), 1,18 mm (80%), 1,19 mm (95%) dan 1,36 (100%). Infusum daun binahong memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri black pigmented.

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Chronic Periodontitis is one of the oral disease with highest prevalence in Indonesia. The major periodonthopathogens bacteria in chronic periodontics is black pigmented bacteria, which consist of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Binahong has been proved scientifically to have antimicrobial substance. This study is aimed to prove that ninahong leaves infusion is effective as an antibacterial agent against black pigmented bacteria in vitro. The concentration of infusion that were used in this test were 100%, 95%, 80%, 65% and 50%. Blank disc diffusion method was performed to measure zone of inhibition in brucella agar. From the diffusion test on brucella agar, the scores of inhibitory zones are : 0,42 mm (50%), 1,21 mm (65%), 1,18 mm (80%), 1,19 mm (95%) dan 1,36 (100%). It is concluded that binahong leaves infusion have inhibition effect on the growth of black pigmented bacteria."

"Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis efek antibakteri infusum daun Binahong terhadap bakteri Black pigmented dan hubungan antara durasi pemaparan infusum terhadap efek antibakterinya. Efek antibakteri dianalisis melalui nilai Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Media yang digunakan adalah Brucella broth dengan darah dan Kanamycin.Infusum diencerkan sampai konsentrasi 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 65%, 80%, dan 95% kemudian ditambahkan bakteri 105 cfu/ml lalu diinkubasi selama 24,48, dan 72 jam. Hasil inkubasi kemudian digores padaBrucella agar lalu diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KHM >65%, KBM 80% dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara durasi pemaparan infusum daun Binahong terhadap efek antibakterinya.

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This study examines the antibacterial effect of Binahong leaves infusion against Black pigmented bacteria and the correlation between duration of infusion exposure and its antibacterial efficacy. The antibacterial efficacy was analyzed by defining the MIC and MBC. The medium used was Brucella broth containing blood and Kanamycin. Infusion was diluted until 20%,30%,40%,50%,65%,80%,95% concentrations, added with 105 cfu/ml bacteria and incubated for 24,48,72 hours. Each culture were streak on Brucella agar and incubated for 24 hours. Results shows that theMIC was >65%, the MBC was 80% and there were no correlation between duration of infusion exposure and its antibacterial efficacy."

"Salah satu penyakit infeksi mulut dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia adalah karies gigi. Hasil SKRT tahun 2009 mencatat bahwa 73% penduduk Indonesia menderita karies gigi. Streptococcus mutans merupakan agen utama penyebab karies gigi. Telah diketahui bahwa umbi binahong mempunyai sifat antibakteri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek antibakteri infusum umbi binahong terhadap Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Infusum dibuat dalam 4 konsentrasi berbeda: 100%, 50%, 25% dan 10%. Uji dilusi dilakukan dengan media BHI cairdan TYS20B untuk mengetahui KHM dan KBM. Uji difusi menggunakan media BHA dan BHA darah untuk mengetahui besar zona hambatan. Dari uji dilusi, didapatkan KHM 25% dan KBM diatas 25%. Dari uji difusi pada media BHA, didapatkan besar zona hambatan: 1,375 mm (10%), 1,125 mm (25%), 0,75 mm (50%) dan 1,25 mm (100%). Dari uji difusi pada media BHA darah, didapatkan besar zona hambatan: 1,5 mm (10%), 1,625 mm (25%), 1,5 mm (50%) dan 0,75 mm (100%). Bakteri S. mutans sensitif terhadap infusum umbi binahong.

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As one of the most common infectious oral diseases in Indonesia, dental caries has relatively high prevalence. Streptococcus mutans appears to be a prominent causative agent of caries. Evidence shows that binahong rhizomes have antibacterial properties. Thus, the aim of the research is to prove whether infusion of binahong rhizomes is effective as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus mutans, in vitro. The infusion was made into four different concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25, and 10%. To determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), dilution test was performed on BHI broth and TYS20B mediums. As to measure the zone of inhibition, diffusion test was performed on Brain-Heart Agar and Brain-Heart-Blood Agar mediums. MIC is achieved on 25% concentration and the MBC is above 25%. Inhibitory zone results on BHA diffusion test are: 1.375 mm (10%), 1.125 mm (25%), 0.75 mm (50%) and 1.25 mm (100%). While on BHB Agar medium: 1.5 mm (10%), 1.625 mm (25%), 1.5 mm (50%) and 0.75 mm (100%). It is concluded that S. mutans is sensitive to binahong rhizomes infusion."

"Karies merupakan penyakit infeksi pada gigi yang paling sering menjadi masalah bagi kesehatan mulut. Prevalensi karies di Indonesia tergolong tinggi. Penyebab utama karies adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan daun binahong memiliki zat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek antibakteri infusum daun binahong terhadap Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Konsentrasi infusum yang diuji 100%, 50%, 25%, dan 10%. Uji dilusi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai KHM dan KBM, menggunakan media BHI broth dan TYS20B. Uji difusi dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai zona hambatan, menggunakan media BHA dan BHA-darah. Dari uji dilusi, didapatkan nilai KHM 50% dan KBM diatas 50%. Dari uji difusi pada media BHA, didapatkan nilai zona hambatan: 0,75 mm (10%), 0,625 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,75 mm (100%). Dari uji difusi pada media BHA-darah, didapatkan nilai zona hambatan: 0,5 mm (10%), 0,875 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,625 mm (100%). Bakteri S. mutans sensitif terhadap infusum daun binahong.

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Dental caries is the most common oral infectious disease in humans with relatively high prevalence in Indonesia. Streptococcus mutans is the main causative agent of caries. Previous researches had identified several antibacterial ingredients in binahong leaves. This study is aimed to prove that binahong leaves infusion is effective as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus mutans in vitro. The concentration of infusion that were used in this test were 100%, 50%, 25, and 10%. To determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), dilution test was performed on BHI broth and TYS20B mediums. As to measure zone of inhibition, diffusion test was performed on BHA and BHA-blood mediums. The result showed that the MIC was 50% and the MBC was above 50%. From the diffusion test on BHA medium, the scores of inhibitory zone are 0,75 mm (10%), 0,625 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,75 mm (100%). While on BHA-blood medium, the scores are 0,5 mm (10%), 0,875 mm (25%), 1,125 mm (50%), 0,625 mm (100%). It is concluded that S. mutans is sensitive to binahong leaves infusion."

"[Udang kering adalah sumber daya alam Indonesia yang mudah diperoleh dan didugamengandung kalsium yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuikadar kalsium udang (Macrobrachium sp.) dan pengaruh metode preparasi (ovendan non oven) dan isolasi (pengocokan, digesti asam, dan pengabuan) terhadappengukuran kadar kalsium menggunakan AAS dan ISE. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan kadar kalsium tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode isolasi digesti asam,yaitu 7.749 ppm (oven) dan 8.853 ppm (non oven). Terdapat perbedaan hasilpengukuran kalsium antar metode preparasi dan antar metode isolasi. Metodepreparasi berkorelasi kuat dengan hasil pengukuran kalsium. (r2=0,878; p<0,05);Dried shrimps is one of Indonesia?s natural resources which easily obtained andassumed to contain high calcium. This research aims to know the calcium level inMacrobrachium sp. and the effects of preparation (oven and non oven) and isolation(dilution, acid digestion, and ashing) methods in calcium level measurement by AASand ISE. Results showed that the highest calcium level was obtained by aciddigestion isolation which are 7,749 ppm (oven) and 8,853 ppm (non oven). Therewere calcium level differences between preparation methods, and among isolationmethods. Preparation methods have strong correlation with calcium levelmeasurement. (r2=0.878, p<0.05), Dried shrimps is one of Indonesia’s natural resources which easily obtained andassumed to contain high calcium. This research aims to know the calcium level inMacrobrachium sp. and the effects of preparation (oven and non oven) and isolation(dilution, acid digestion, and ashing) methods in calcium level measurement by AASand ISE. Results showed that the highest calcium level was obtained by aciddigestion isolation which are 7,749 ppm (oven) and 8,853 ppm (non oven). Therewere calcium level differences between preparation methods, and among isolationmethods. Preparation methods have strong correlation with calcium levelmeasurement. (r2=0.878, p<0.05)]"

"[Ebi merupakan udang kering berukuran kecil yang dapat dikonsumsi secarakeseluruhan. Ebi diduga memiliki kadar kalsium tinggi meski belum ada penelitianspesifik pada genus tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kadar kalsium padaMetapenaeus sp. secara akurat serta menganalisis pengaruh metode preparasi (ovendan non oven) dan metode isolasi (pengocokan, digesti asam, dan pengabuan)terhadap pengukuran dengan ISE dan AAS. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan kadarkalsium tertinggi 6.769 ppm (oven) dan 7.785 ppm (non oven) dengan isolasi terbaikadalah digesti asam. Terdapat perbedaan serta korelasi kadar kalsium antar metodepreparasi dan isolasi, sehingga disimpulkan kedua metode berpengaruh terhadappengukuran kadar kalsium ebi.;Ebi is dried small sized shrimp consumed as a whole. Ebi is assumed to have highcalcium level even there has been no research on specific genus yet. This researchaimed to know exact calcium level in Metapenaeus sp., analyze the influence ofpreparation (oven and non oven) and isolation (dilution, acid digestion, and dryashing) methods toward ISE and AAS measurement. Results showed highest calciumlevel 6,769ppm (oven) and 7,785ppm (non oven) with acid digestion as best isolationmethod. There were differences and correlation among preparation and isolationmethods; and concluded both methods influenced calcium level measurement in ebi., Ebi is dried small sized shrimp consumed as a whole. Ebi is assumed to have highcalcium level even there has been no research on specific genus yet. This researchaimed to know exact calcium level in Metapenaeus sp., analyze the influence ofpreparation (oven and non oven) and isolation (dilution, acid digestion, and dryashing) methods toward ISE and AAS measurement. Results showed highest calciumlevel 6,769ppm (oven) and 7,785ppm (non oven) with acid digestion as best isolationmethod. There were differences and correlation among preparation and isolationmethods; and concluded both methods influenced calcium level measurement in ebi.]"