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"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Upaya pencegahan sakit akibat kerja karena pajanan bahankimia dapat dilakukan melalui program kesehatan kerja yang berbasis risiko.Kajian risiko penting bagi Proyek Konstruksi LNG. Pekerjaan yang bersifatjangka pendek, jumlah tenaga keria yang besar, Iokasi proyek di daerahterpencil dan dengan jenis pekerjaan yang sangat bervariasi serta dikerjakansecara simultan (SIMOPS) dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam risikokesehatan kerja melalui pajanan berbagai macam bahaya kesehatan termasukbahan-bahan kimia.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat dekriptif dengan meiakukan evaluasi penggunaanpendekatan He-althMap dalam mengkaji risiko bahan kimia pada ProyekKonstruksi LNG di Perusahaan X yang dilakukan pada tahun 2007. Evaluasidilakukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil kajian risiko yang diperolehmelalui pendekatan Hea!thMap dengan hasil kajian risiko yang diperoleh melaluiStudi Iiteratur. Hasil telitian: ldentifikasi Hazard. Beberapa hazard bahan kimia tidakteridentifikasi seperti benlium, karbon monoksida, debu, gas, isocyanates. Tidakteridentirikasinya hazard tersebut karena kurangnya kompetensi pelaksana dantidak tersedianya alat bantu. Kaiian Pa'|anan. Faktor ketidakpastian cukup besarkarena tidak tersedianya data pajanan, kesulitan menentukan besar relatifpopulasi terpajan dan terbatasnya informasi untuk mengestimasi tingkatpajanan. Kaian dan Prioritisasi Risiko. Tingkat risiko Iebih ditentukan dari aspekkonsekuensi atau dampak kesehatan. Pnoritisasi diiakukan untuk menyesuaikandengan kemampuan proyek dalam melakukan tindak-Ianjut.Kesimpulanz ldentifikasi Hazard. (1) Pemberian alat bantu berupa daftarperiksa dapat membantu proses identiiikasi hazard. (2) Kompetensi pelaksanaidentifikasi hazard mempengaruhi hasil identihkasl. (3) Proses prioritisasi padatahap identitikasi hazard mengakibatkan tidak terkajinya beberapa hazardbahan kimia pada tahapan selanjutnya. Ka`|ian Pa'|anan. (1) Penentuan tingkatpajanan yang berdasarkan nilai ambang batas sulit untuk dipahami olehkaryawan yang non-specialist. (2) Kajian pajanan dilakukan dengan hanyamempertimbangkan besar relatif populasi berisiko. (3) Terdapat tingkatketidakpastian yang tinggi dalam menentukan besar pajanan tanpa datapengukuran lingkungan kerja. Kaiian dan Prioritisasi Risiko. (1) Penentuantingkat risiko berdasarkan tingkat hazard atau pajanan yang lebih tinggi sudahtepat. (2) Diperlukan kekuatan analisa assessor dalam menentukan tingkatrisiko. (3) Hasil Healthlvlap belum bisa dijadikan basis yang kuat dalampengembangan manajemen dan program kesehatan kerja. (3) HealthMapsebagai screening awal dalam kajian risiko dapat membantu perusahaan agardapat Iebih etisien dan efektif dalam melakukan manajemen risiko.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Occupational illnesses due to exposure to chemicals can beprevented through risk»based occupational health programs. Therefore, riskassessments are important during the construction phase of the LNG project. Avariety of occupational health risks, including exposure to chemicals, can be theresult of:~ Short-term work activities,» Large numbers ofworkers,» Remote area locations, `~ Various types of work performed simultaneously (SIMOPS).Method: This research, conducted in 2007, is descriptive in nature and wascarried out by evaluating the implementation of the ?HealthMap" approach inassessing chemical risks during the construction phase of the LNG project atCompany X. This evaluation was conducted by comparing the results of thehealth risk assessment from the HealthMap approach and literature.Research results: Hazard Identitication: Several chemical hazards were notidentitied, such as beryllium, carbon monoxide, dust, gas, and isocyanates dueto a lack of competent skills of the personnel involved and unavailability ofhazard identification tools. Exposure Assessment: There was a great deal ofuncertainty due to an unavailability of data regarding exposure, dificulties inestimating the populations at risk and limited information available to estimatethe exposure levels in the workplace. _Risk Assessments and Prioritizations:Risk levels were determined by focusing more on the consequences rather thanthe effects of the hazards themselves. Prioritizations were determined to ensurethat the project is capable of implementing the risk control programs.Conclusions: Hazard Identification: (1) A checklist as a tool to identify hazardsis necessary to optimize this process. (2) The competencies of personnel whocany out the hazard identitications are critical in ensuring that the results are accurate. (3) Prioritization processes during the hazard identification may resultin the overlook of chemical hazard review in the next stage.Exposure Assessment: (1) Determining the exposure levels based on thresholdlimit value is difticult for non-specialist personnel to understand. (2) Exposureassessments are conducted by merely considering the relative numbers ofpeople at risk. (3) There is still a great deal of uncertainty about how todetermine the exposure levels without any access to workplace environmentalmonitoring data.Risk Assessments and Prioritizations; (1) Detennining risk levels based on morestringent level between the effects of hazards and exposure would be moresuitable. (2) Personnel with more highly developed analytical skills are requiredto determine the risk levels. (3) The HealthMap results are not adequate as abasis for developing occupational health management and programs. (3) UsingHealthlvlap as a preliminary screening to assess health risks can assist thecompany in becoming more efhcient and effective in managing risks.

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"Perilaku tidak sehat dapat meningkatkan risiko timbulnya berbagai problem kesehatan termasuk penyakit jantung koroner. Melalui review MCU karyawan shift di Proyek Tangguh didapat 16% merokok, 78% memiliki BMI (Body Mass Index) diatas normal dan 49% memiliki kolesterol darah diatas normal. Lokasi kerja yang terpencil dan terisolasi, meningkatkan potensi perilaku tidak sehat sekaligus meningkatkan resiko dalam penanganan kasus penyakit jantung. Agar diketahui proporsi dan nilai tertinggi tahap kesiapan ( stage of change ), termasuk gambaran tahap belum mau merubah perilaku merokok dan intake makan berkolesterol karyawan shift di Proyek Tangguh dilakukanlah penelilian ini. Sebanyak 81 karyawan shift diminta mengisi kuesioner untuk mengetahui tahap kesiapan mereka merubah perilaku merokok dan intake makan berkolesterol.Dari hasil kuesioner merokok didapat 42% responden perokok, dimana 20 berada di tahap precontemplation, 26% ditahap contemplation, 3% ditahap preparation, 3% ditahap action dan 35% ditahap maintenance. Dari hasil kuesioner intake makan berkolesterol diketahui 4% ditahap precontemplation, 43% ditahap contemplation, 6% ditahap preparation. 31% ditahap action dan 15% ditahap maintenance.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan, baik untuk perilaku merokok dan intake makan berkolesterol, sebagian besar karyawan belum mau merubah perilaku tidak sehatnya. Proporsi merokok tidak sesuai dengan proporsi Prochaska sedang proporsi intake makan berkolesterol relatif sesuai. Hasil tertinggi pada perilaku merokok ada di tahap maintenance, sedang hasil tertinggi pada perilaku intake maka berkolesterol di tahap contemplation. Sebagai kelanjutan penelitian ini disarankan untuk dilakukan program intervensi dengan menggunakan matrix stage of change dan process of chaneg.

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The unhealthy behavior would increase the risk of various health problems. including coronary heart disease. The review of shift employee health examinations at Tanggult project shown that 16 % is smoker. 78% is overweight. 49% is hypercholesterol. The remoteness and isolated of the work location, tend to increase tlte unhealthy behavior then increasing the risk in managing heart diseases. This research is aimed to get the picture ofthe proportion and highest score of the stage of change, as well as a picture of the stage of where there is no intention to change smoking and cholesterol consumption behavior of shift employee at Tangguh project. To get a picture of readiness to change of shift employee?s smoking and cholesterol consumption behavior 81 shift employees have tiled the qucstionarre.Result from smoking questionarre shown that. 42% is smoker divided by 20% is precontemplation. 26% is contemplation. 3% is preparation. 3% is action and 35% is maintenance. Result from cholesterol consumtion questionarre shown that 4% is precontemplation, 43% is contemplation, 6% is preparation, 31% is action and 15% is maintenance.Result of this research has shown that for both smoking behavior and cholesterol consumption behavior, most of the shift employees have not intended to change their unhealthy behavior. Proportion of the stages of smoking has not met with Prochaska conclution while the cholesterol consumption showing it met. The highest stage of smoking is maintenance while the cholesterol consumption is contemplation. As a follow up. it is recommended to conduct health promotion intervention program using stage and process of change matrix."