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"ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bahwa pemelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray efektif untuk diterapkan pada pemelajaran kosakata bahasa Inggris kelas 7 SMP dan untuk mengetahui persepsi pelajar terhadapnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu SMP swasta di Kabupaten Bogor pada kelas 7 SMP tahun ajaran 2017/2018 semester genap yang menggunakan kurikulum 2013. Peneliti melakukan penelitian menggunakan non-equivalent control group sebagai desain penelitian. Peneliti mengambil 52 pelajar pada SMP Y sebagai sampel penelitiannya berdasarkan random sampling. Sampel tersebut terbagi atas 26 pelajar untuk kelas eksperimental dan 26 pelajar untuk kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimental merupakan kelas diadakannya metode pemelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray sedangkan kelas kontrol merupakan kelas dengan metode pemelajaran konvensional. Hasilnya menunjukkan pelajar di kelas eksperimental meraih rata-rata nilai post-test yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata nilai post-test kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan Uji-T Independen terlihat rata-rata nilai post-test pada kedua kelas memiliki perbedaan nilai dengan bukti sig 2 tailed 0,033 < taraf signifikansi 0,05 dengan level beda antara kedua kelas mencapai angka 0,356 cukup signifikan . Pelajar juga memberikan tanggapan yang positif terhadap pemelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray ini.

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ABSTRACTThe aims of this research were to find out whether Two Stay Two Stray TSTS as one type of cooperative learning could be effective in learning English vocabulary for 7th grade Junior High School students and how students perceived it. The research conducted on grade 7 in one of the schools in Bogor academic year 2017 2018. The researcher conducted the research by using non equivalent control group as a design. There were 52 students as sample divided into experimental group and control group. Experimental group is the group that is given the treatment TSTS while control group is the group that use conventional teaching. The results show that the students in the experimental group achieved higher mean scores on post test than the students in the control group. Based on Independent T Test, mean score in experimental group had different mean score with control group with moderate level of difference 0.356 . The students also had positive perception of the TSTS. "

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Laju pernapasan (respiratory rate) merupakan salah satu dari lima tanda vital pada tubuh manusia. Pengukuran laju pernapasan yang paling sering dilakukan ialah dengan menghitung banyaknya napas yang dilakukan seseorang dalam satu menit. metode ini dinilai bersifat subjektif yang mana masing-masing pengukuran hasilnya akan bergantung kepada pengukur. Metode lain yang dapat digunakan ialah dengan mengunakan metode kontak, seperti strain gauges or impedance methods, transcutaneous CO₂ methods, oximetry probe (SpO₂) methods, dan ECG derived respiration rate methods. Namun, penggunaan metode kontak dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah, seperti rasa tidak nyaman, iritasi kulit karena penggunaan elektroda, dan surface loading effect. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dirancang bangun sebuah sistem pengukuran laju pernapasan nonkontak berbasis sensor ultrasonik.

Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menghitung perubahan jarak antara area thoracoabdominal depan dengan sensor. Hasil pengukuran kemudian diolah menggunakan metode gaussian filter dan transformasi wavelet diskrit (TWD). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data, diperoleh hasil bahwa metode pengukuran ini memiliki simpangan kesalahan rata-rata terkecil sebesar 4,48 menggunakan metode penyaringan gaussian filter dan menggunakan metode perhitungan pendekatan FFT. Oleh karena itu, metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur laju pernapasan, tetapi perlu dilakukan beberapa peningkatan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih maksimal.

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The respiratory rate is one of the five vital signs in human body. The measurement that is most often done is by counting the amount of breath a person does in one minute. This method is considered to be subjective in which each outcome measurement will depend on the counter. Other method that can be used are by using contact method, such as strain gauges or impedance methods, transcutaneous CO2 methods, probe oximetry (SpO2) methods, and ECG derived respiration rate methods. However, the use of contact methods can cause several problems, such as skin irritation, and surface loading effect. Therefore, in this study a respiratory rate measurement system ultrasonic sensor based was designed.

Measurements were made by calculating the distance change between the front of thoracoabdominal area and the sensor. The results are then processed using the gaussian filter method and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Based on the result of data processing, the result show that this measurement method has has the smallest error deviation of 4.48 using the gaussian filter filtering method and uses the FFT approach calculation method. Therefore, this method can be used to measure respiratory rate, but some improvement needs to be done to produce maximum results.

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"Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah berlangsung kurang lebih selama 2 tahun lebih yang berasal dari Wuhan, China sejak sekitar bulan November 2019. Selama berlangsungnya pandemi ini, seluruh rakyat dunia menjadi lebih sadar dan peduli terhadap kesehatan masing-masing dan juga lingkungan sekitarnya. Dengan pandemi ini juga berbagai aktivitas normal yang biasanya dilakukan sehari-hari menjadi dibatasi. Dalam upaya untuk mengakhiri pandemi ini, banyak cara yang telah dilakukan oleh seluruh rakyat di dunia. Beberapa diantaranya yaitu dengan cara merekomendasikan, mewajibkan, atau melarang perubahan perilaku tertentu dalam beraktivitas sehari-hari, sementara beberapa negara lain hanya mengandalkan penyediaan informasi terkait pandemi.Pelacakan kontak COVID-19 merupakan salah satu cara yang dikembangkan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengatasi pandemi ini. Perangkat lunak pelacakan COVID-19 yang sekarang ini beroperasi menggunakan GPS, kamera telepon genggam dan kode QR. Proses tersebut dapat membuat antrian yang panjang dan memakan waktu yang lebih lama semakin panjang antrian tersebut. Untuk mengatasi antrian panjang dan waktu yang lama, dirancang sebuah cara alternatif untuk melakukan proses check-in menggunakan sistem bluetooth. Dengan bluetooth, pengguna dapat melakukan check-in pada area yang lebih luas pada radius 15 meter dan tidak memerlukan GPS, kamera, ataupun kode QR. Bluetooth ini juga dilengkapi dengan perangkat keras pengisian daya tenaga surya berupa panel surya yang dapat mengisi daya pada baterai selama baterai digunakan oleh bluetooth.

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This COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for more or less 2 years originating from Wuhan, China since around November 2019. During this pandemic, all the people of the world have become more aware and concerned about their respective health and also the surrounding environment. With this pandemic, various normal activities that are usually carried out on a daily basis have been restricted. In an effort to end this pandemic, many efforts have been made by all people in the world. Many countries are trying to slow or stop the spread of COVID-19 by recommending, requiring, or prohibiting certain behavioral changes in daily activities, while some other countries rely solely on providing information related to the pandemic.

COVID-19 contact tracing is one of the ways the Indonesian government has developed to deal with this pandemic. The current COVID-19 tracking software operates using GPS, mobile phone cameras and QR codes. Users can visit public places that have a QR code available at certain places to carry out the check-in process. After completing the activity the user can check-out. This process can create a long queue and take longer time the longer the queue. To overcome long queues and long times, an alternative way is designed to carry out the check-in process using a bluetooth system. With bluetooth, users can check-in in a wider area and don't need a GPS, camera, or QR code. This Bluetooth is also equipped with solar charging hardware in the form of solar panels that can charge the battery as long as the battery is used by bluetooth.

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"Potensiostat adalah instrumen elektronik yang digunakan dalam penelitian elektrokimia untuk mempelajari dan mengukur sifat elektrokimia bahan elektroaktif. Sebagian besar potensiostat komersial dianggap sebagai black box karena sistemnya tertutup, sehingga menyulitkan pengguna untuk memahami atau menyesuaikan instrumen, serta harganya yang tidak terjangkau. Dengan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini mengembangkan prototipe potensiostat dengan harga terjangkau (sekitar Rp537.600,00) dan sistem yang terbuka bagi pengguna (open-source) untuk analisis voltametri siklik. Prototipe potensiostat dibuat dengan menggunakan komponen elektronika yang tersedia di pasaran, seperti mikrokontroler ESP32, op-amp, resistor, kapasitor, dan dioda. Prototipe potensiostat memiliki rentang arus dari -430 μA hingga +410 μA dan rentang tegangan sweep dari -1,5 V hingga 1,5 V. Prototipe potensiostat telah diuji menggunakan larutan ferisianida yang menghasilkan persentase kesalahan arus puncak anodik dan katodik masing-masing 15,14% dan 17,39% relatif terhadap EmStat4s LR, serta 171,46% dan 38,87% relatif terhadap Rodeostat. Prototipe potensiostat juga telah diuji menggunakan larutan dopamin menghasilkan persentase kesalahan arus puncak anodik dan katodik masing-masing 8,94% dan 39,50% relatif terhadap EmStat4s LR, serta 31,34% dan 8,78% relatif terhadap Rodeostat. Prototipe potensiostat ini dapat digunakan menggunakan aplikasi desktop yang telah dirancang yang dapat memasukkan parameter dan menampilkan grafik voltametri siklik secara real-time.

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Potentiostats are electronic instruments used in electrochemical research to study and measure the electrochemical properties of electroactive materials. Most commercial potentiostats are considered black boxes due to their closed system, making it difficult for the user to understand or adjust the instrument, and their affordability. With these problems in mind, this study developed a potentiostat prototype with an affordable price (around 537,600.00 IDR) and an open-source system for cyclic voltammetry analysis. The potentiostat prototype is made using commercially available electronic components, such as ESP32 microcontrollers, op-amps, resistors, capacitors, and diodes. The potentiostat prototype has a current range from -430 µA to +410 µA and a sweep voltage range from -1.5 V to 1.5 V. The potentiostat prototype has been tested with ferricyanide solution which yields the percentage the anodic and cathodic peak current errors are respectively 15.14% and 17.72% relative to EmStat4s LR, and 171.46% and 38,87% relative to Rodeostat. The potentiostat prototype has also been tested with a dopamine solution. This resulted in anodic and cathodic peak current error percentages of 8,94% and 39.50% respectively relative to EmStat4s LR, and 31.34% and 8.78% relative to Rodeostat. This potentiostat prototype can be used using a pre-designed desktop application that can enter parameters and display realtime cyclic voltammetry graphs."

"Perkembangan yang cepat di bidang Biosensing telah membuka gerbang kepada peneliti untuk mengeksplorasi penggunaan sinyal biologis. Salah satu dari penggunaan sinyal ini adalah Human-Computer Interface (HCI), yang memungkinkan seseorang untuk berinteraksi dengan komputer tanpa kontak fisik. Agar sebuah perangkat HCI dapat berfungsi dengan efisien, sensor-sensor yang digunakan untuk mengakuisisi sinyal biologis harus nyaman digunakan dan mudah dibawa. Pada Tugas Akhir ini penulis mengajukan sebuah desain modifikasi untuk OpenBCI Cyton biosensing board, yang akan menggantikan modul RFDuino RFD22302 dengan modul Espresif ESP-32. Proses penelitian meliputi modifikasi desain PCB, fabrikasi, pemrograman, sampai pengujian 2 iterasi. Pada pengujian iterasi pertama purwarupa berhasil mengidentifikasi kontraksi/aktivasi otot dengan amplitudo di sekitar 1 milivolt dan juga aktivitas ripple/noise yang berhasil dieliminasi pada iterasi kedua dengan perbaikan posisi perekaman sinyal. Perbandingan pola rekaman dengan Myoware muscle sensor juga menunjukkan kemiripan hasil yang menandakan kemiripan hasil satu sama lain dengan perbendaan yang minimum.

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The rapid development in the field of Biosensing technology has allowed scientists to explore a multitude of biosignal application. One of this application is the Human-Computer Interface, which allows humans to directly control a machine without direct physical inputs. For a HCI device to be efficiently utilized, the sensors utilized in acquiring human biosignal must be somewhat comfortable to use and mobile. In this Bachelor’s Thesis the author proposed a modification design for OpenBCI Cyton biosensing board, which replaced its outdated RFDuino RFD22302 with the newer, widely used, and well-documented Espressif ESP-32. Research processes include the base PCB modification, its fabrication, programming, and 2 iteration of testing. First has shown that the prototype is capable of detecting EMG signals with the amplitude of around 1 millivolt but also the presence of noise/ripple, which was successfully eliminated in the second iteration with better recording positioning. Further comparison also has shown that the prototype’s recording result was highly similar with the recording result from Myoware muscle sensor with only slight differences."

"Urbanisasi yang tidak terkendali menyebabkan peningkatan penyakit degeneratif pada masyarakat perkotaan, salah satunya adalah gagal jantung kongestif. Penyakit gagal jantung kongestif merupakan ketidakmampuan jantung memompa darah yang adekuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tubuh akan oksigen dan nutrisi. Secara global, penyakit kardiovaskular seperti gagal jantung merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia. Indonesia sendiri menempati urutan Negara nomor 4 (empat) dengan jumlah kematian terbanyak akibat penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penyakit gagal jantung bukan hanya menimbulkan masalah fisik, akan tetapi juga masalah psikososial. Masalah psikososial yang sering terjadi pada klien dengan gagal jantung kongestif adalah ketidakberdayaan. Ketidakberdayaan merupakan perasaan yang timbul akibat ketidakmampuan seseorang mengontrol situasi termasuk persepsi bahwa sesuatu tidak akan bermakna. Intervensi keperawatan ketidakberdayaan antara lain latihan berpikir positif dan afirmasi positif. Teknik afirmasi positif terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan rasa ketidakberdayaan pada klien dengan gagal jantung kongestif.

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Uncontrolled urbanization causes the increase of degenerative diseases towards urban community. Congestive heart failure is one of the degenerative diseases. Congestive heart failure is inability of the heart to pump blood adequately to meet the need of body metabolism. Cardiovascular disease such as heart failure is the main cause of death in the world. Indonesia is the fourth country with the highest number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease. Heart failure disease not only causes physical problems, but also psychosocial problems.

Psychosocial problem that often occur on the client with congestive heart failure is powerlessness. Powerlessness is a feeling that arises due to the inability to control the situation, including the perception that something will not be meaningful. Nursing intervention's powerlessness among other exercises positive thinking and positive affirmations. Positive affirmation techniques proved effective in reducing the sense of powerlessness on the client with congestive heart failure."

"[ABSTRAK Penyakit kardiovaskular seperti gagal jantung kongestif memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi yang dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan pola hidup pada masyarakat urban. Kenaikan prevalensi penyakit kardiovaskular berhubungan dengan proses urbanisasi yang progresif dan globalisasi dari pola hidup tidak sehat yang ada pada masyarakat urban atau perkotaan. Tanda klinis yang muncul serta proses hospitalisasi dapat menjadi salah satu faktor munculnya masalah psikososial pada pasien gagal jantung kongestif. Masalah psikososial yang sering ditemukan adalah ansietas. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan analisis mengenai asuhan keperawatan ansietas pada pasien gagal jantung kongestif. Intervensi yang dianalisis meliputi relaksasi napas dalam, hipnosis lima jari, distraksi sosialisasi dan pemberian informasi. Evaluasi tindakan menunjukan bahwa lebih banyak tanda gejala yang menghilang saat memberikan kombinasi tarik napas dalam dan hipnosis lima jari selama lima hari perawatan. ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease such as congestive heart failure have high prevalence due to the transition of lifestyle in urban society. The increase of prevalence relates to the progressive and global urbanization which has unhealthy sedentary lifestyle in urban society. The presence of sign and symptom or hospitalization may cause the psychosocial problem in patient with CHF such as anxiety. The objective was to analyze the psychosocial nursing care plan specifically anxiety in CHF patient. Nursing intervention which has given are deep breathing relaxation, five finger hypnosis, distraction and health education. It shows that sign and symptom of anxiety decreased significantly when deep breathing and hypnosis is combined.;Cardiovascular disease such as congestive heart failure have high prevalence due to the transition of lifestyle in urban society. The increase of prevalence relates to the progressive and global urbanization which has unhealthy sedentary lifestyle in urban society. The presence of sign and symptom or hospitalization may cause the psychosocial problem in patient with CHF such as anxiety. The objective was to analyze the psychosocial nursing care plan specifically anxiety in CHF patient. Nursing intervention which has given are deep breathing relaxation, five finger hypnosis, distraction and health education. It shows that sign and symptom of anxiety decreased significantly when deep breathing and hypnosis is combined.;Cardiovascular disease such as congestive heart failure have high prevalence due to the transition of lifestyle in urban society. The increase of prevalence relates to the progressive and global urbanization which has unhealthy sedentary lifestyle in urban society. The presence of sign and symptom or hospitalization may cause the psychosocial problem in patient with CHF such as anxiety. The objective was to analyze the psychosocial nursing care plan specifically anxiety in CHF patient. Nursing intervention which has given are deep breathing relaxation, five finger hypnosis, distraction and health education. It shows that sign and symptom of anxiety decreased significantly when deep breathing and hypnosis is combined.;Cardiovascular disease such as congestive heart failure have high prevalence due to the transition of lifestyle in urban society. The increase of prevalence relates to the progressive and global urbanization which has unhealthy sedentary lifestyle in urban society. The presence of sign and symptom or hospitalization may cause the psychosocial problem in patient with CHF such as anxiety. The objective was to analyze the psychosocial nursing care plan specifically anxiety in CHF patient. Nursing intervention which has given are deep breathing relaxation, five finger hypnosis, distraction and health education. It shows that sign and symptom of anxiety decreased significantly when deep breathing and hypnosis is combined.;Cardiovascular disease such as congestive heart failure have high prevalence due to the transition of lifestyle in urban society. The increase of prevalence relates to the progressive and global urbanization which has unhealthy sedentary lifestyle in urban society. The presence of sign and symptom or hospitalization may cause the psychosocial problem in patient with CHF such as anxiety. The objective was to analyze the psychosocial nursing care plan specifically anxiety in CHF patient. Nursing intervention which has given are deep breathing relaxation, five finger hypnosis, distraction and health education. It shows that sign and symptom of anxiety decreased significantly when deep breathing and hypnosis is combined., Cardiovascular disease such as congestive heart failure have high prevalence due to the transition of lifestyle in urban society. The increase of prevalence relates to the progressive and global urbanization which has unhealthy sedentary lifestyle in urban society. The presence of sign and symptom or hospitalization may cause the psychosocial problem in patient with CHF such as anxiety. The objective was to analyze the psychosocial nursing care plan specifically anxiety in CHF patient. Nursing intervention which has given are deep breathing relaxation, five finger hypnosis, distraction and health education. It shows that sign and symptom of anxiety decreased significantly when deep breathing and hypnosis is combined.]"