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"Latar belakang: Manifestasi okular pada psoriasis sering tidak disadari baik oleh dokter maupun pasien. Kelainan mata disebabkan oleh predisposisi genetik, invasi lesi kulit, reaksi autoimun, peradangan sistemik, atau efek samping pengobatan pada psoriasis. Secara global, manifestasi okular berkisar antara 10–80%, dengan kasus berat dapat menyebabkan kerusakan penglihatan permanen. Meskipun demikian, skrining mata belum secara resmi direkomendasikan dalam alur tata laksana psoriasis di Indonesia. Instrumen sederhana, misalnya daftar tilik, penting dalam mendeteksi dini dan merujuk ke dokter spesialis mata (Sp.M) guna mencegah kerusakan okular yang permanen. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat instrumen daftar tilik yang valid, reliabel, dan sensitif untuk mempermudah skrining kelainan mata pada psoriasis.Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 tahap. Tahap pertama penyusunan instrumen daftar tilik berdasarkan gejala subjektif dan objektif kelainan mata pada psoriasis vulgaris, yang diberikan masukan melalui focus group discussion oleh ahli di bidang dermatologi venereologi dan estetika serta mata. Pasien psoriasis vulgaris yang berobat di Poliklinik Dermatologi dan V enereologi RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, diperiksa menggunakan instrumen daftar tilik oleh dokter spesialis Dermatologi Venereologi dan Estetika (Sp.D.V.E). Kemudian seluruh subjek penelitian (SP) dilakukan pemeriksaan mata lengkap oleh dokter Sp.M, untuk mengonfirmasi hasil pemeriksaan sebagai baku emas. Hasil data dianalisis untuk mendapatkan nilai validitas, reliabilitas, dan sensitivitas instrumen daftar tilik.Hasil: Sebanyak 60 SP mengikuti penelitian ini. Instrumen daftar tilik yang dihasilkan memiliki validitas, reliabilitas, dan sensitivitas baik, dengan koefisien korelasi Pearson 0,771 (>0,7) nilai p <0,05, Cronbach α 0,712 untuk pemeriksaan Sp.D.V.E dan 0,721 pada pemeriksaan oleh Sp.M, serta interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0,801, serta sensitivitas 94%. Prevalensi kelainan mata yang ditemukan sebesar 84,17% dengan urutan terbanyak yaitu meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye, dan katarak. Kelainan mata lainnya berupa glaukoma dan blefaritis juga ditemukan, namun tidak terdapat SP dengan konjungtivitis.Kesimpulan: Instrumen daftar tilik valid, reliabel, dan sensitif dalam mendeteksi dini kelainan mata pada psoriasis.

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Background: Ocular manifestations in psoriasis often go unnoticed by both doctors and patients. These manifestations may arise from genetic predisposition, skin lesion invasion, autoimmune responses, systemic inflammation, or adverse effects of psoriasis treatment. Globally, ocular manifestations in psoriasis range from 10% to 80%, with severe cases causing permanent vision impairment. Despite these implications, ocular screening is not officially recommended in Indonesian psoriasis treatment guidelines. Simple instruments, such as a checklist, are crucial in early detection and referral to ophthalmologist. This study aims to develop a valid, reliable, and sensitive checklist instrument to facilitate screening for ocular abnormalities in psoriasis.

Methods: This study consists of two phases. The first phase involves the development of a checklist instrument based on subjective and objective ocular symptoms in psoriasis vulgaris, with input from focus group discussions with experts in dermatovenereology and ophthalmology. Psoriasis vulgaris patients treated at the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of the National General Hospital dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo underwent eye examinations using the checklist instrument conducted by dermatovenereologist. Subsequently, ophthalmologists performed comprehensive eye examinations on all participants to confirm results as the gold standard. Data were analyzed for validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the checklist instrument.

Results: Sixty subjects participated, with checklist instrument demonstrates good validity, reliability, and sensitivity, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.771 (>0.7), p-value <0.05, Cronbach’s α of 0.712 for examinations by dermatovenereologist and 0.721 for ophthalmologists, as well as an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.801, and a sensitivity of 94%. The prevalence of eye disorders found in this study is 84,17%, with the most common eye disorders being meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye, and cataracts. Glaucoma and blepharitis were also identified, but no subjects had conjunctivitis.

Conclusion: The checklist instrument is valid, reliable, and sensitive in the early detection of ocular manifestation in psoriasis."

"Kanitis prematur (KP) ialah kondisi dimana individu memiliki minimal 5 helai rambut beruban pada usia kurang dari 25 tahun pada ras Asia. Etiologi KP belum dipahami sepenuhnya dan dianggap sebagai kelainan multifaktorial, salah satunya defisiensi mikronutrien. Vitamin B12 berperan pada proses melanogenesis, sehingga diperkirakan kadar vitamin B12 mencerminkan risiko KP. Pemeriksaan kadar methylmalonic acid (MMA) merupakan indikator defisiensi vitamin B12 yang spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar vitamin B12 dan MMA pada individu KP dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan menganalisis hubungan antara kadar vitamin B12 dan MMA dengan derajat keparahan KP. Penelitian ini adalah studi observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi target penelitian adalah individu KP dan individu dewasa sehat tanpa KP yang direkrut dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data identitas, awitan KP, riwayat KP dalam keluarga, pola diet, dan kebiasaan merokok didapatkan melalui anamnesis. Penilaian derajat keparahan KP dilakukan sesuai metode oleh Shin dkk. Pemeriksaan kadar vitamin B12 dan MMA dengan metode liquid chromatography-mass spectometry (LC-MS). Analisis statistik menggunakan perangkat lunak Stata v.16 (StataCorp). Dari 30 subjek penelitian (SP) kelompok KP, didapatkan 6 orang dengan KP derajat ringan, 15 orang dengan KP sedang, dan 9 orang dengan KP berat. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan karakteristik dasar lain antara kelompok KP dan kontrol. Terdapat perbedaan median kadar vitamin B12 (320 pg/mL vs 360 pg/mL; p<0,001) dan MMA (0,117 mmol/L vs 0,077mmol/L; p=0,0252) yang bermakna pada kelompok KP dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kadar vitamin B12 (r = 0,0703, p 0,712) dan MMA (r=0,2370, p=0,2074) dengan derajat keparahan KP. Sebagai kesimpulan, Kadar vitamin B12 dan MMA pada kelompok KP lebih rendah dan berbeda bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Namun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kadar vitamin B12 dan MMA dengan derajat KP.

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Premature canities (PC) is defined as an individual (Asian) aged less than 25 years with at least 5 grey hair strands. The etiology of PC is not completely understood but is thought to be a result of multifactorial abnormalities, one of which is micronutrient deficiency. Vitamin B12 plays a role in melanogenesis, thus it is believed that vitamin B12 level correlate with the risk of developing PC. Methylmalonic acid (MMA) examination is a specific indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency. This study aims to analyze the difference of vitamin B12 and MMA levels among individual with PC and a healthy control, as well as analyzing the correlation between vitamin B12 level and MMA with PC’s degree of severity. This is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The target population were individuals with PC and healthy individuals recruited by consecutive sampling. Identity of each individual as well as the onset of PC, history of PC among family members, diet, and smoking habit was taken during history taking. The severity of PC was measured using a method developed by Shin et al. Vitamin B12 and MMA level were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectometry (LC-MS). Statistical analysis was done using Stata v.16 (StataCorp). Among 30 subjects from the PC group, 6 subjects had a mild PC, 15 subjects were moderate PC, and 9 subejcts had a severe PC. Differences among other parameters were found to be not statistically significant. There were statistically significant difference of median Vitamin B12 level ((320 pg/mL vs 360 pg/mL; p<0,001) and MMA level (0,117 mmol/L vs 0,077mmol/L; p=0,0252) between PC and healthy individuals. This study did not find a significant correlation between vitamin B12 (r = 0,0703, p 0,712) and MMA (r=0,2370, p=0,2074) level with the severity of PC. As a conclusion, vitamin B12 and MMA level in group with PC was significantly than the heatlhy individuals. No statistically significant correlations were found between either vitamin B12 or MMA level with the severity of PC."