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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perubahan warna permukaan nanofil yang dipoles dengan teknik pemolesan one step dan multi step polish setelah perendaman kopi. 30 sampel, dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan: dipoles PoGo® (one step), dipoles Sof-Lex® (multi step) dan tidak dipoles. Sampel direndam kopi selama 12 hari. Pengukuran perubahan warna menggunakan vita classic. Setelah perendaman selama 12 hari, seluruh sampel direndam kopi (dipoles Sof-Lex®, PoGo® dan tidak poles) menunjukkan perubahan warna. Perubahan warna pada nanofil dipoles Sof-Lex® lebih kecil dibanding PoGo® namun tidak bermakna. Dapat disimpulkan multi-step polish menghasilkan perubahan warna lebih kecil dibanding one step polish namun tidak bermakna.

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This research aims to compare color change on nanofiller polished by one step and multi step polish techniques after being immersed in coffee. 30 samples treated into 3 types, polished by PoGo® (one step), Polished by Sof-Lex® (multi step) and unpolished. Samples were immersed in coffee in 12 days. Colour change was measured by using vita classic. After 12 days of immersion, all sample groups (polished by PoGo®, polished by Sof-Lex®, and unpolished) immersed in coffee, reveal color change. Color change on nanocomposite polished by Sof-Lex® is less than the one polished by PoGo®. It can be concluded multi step polish produces less color change compare to one step polish but the difference is not significant"

"Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh teknik inkremental dan aplikasi re-etch re-bond terhadap pencegahan perubahan warna tepi restorasi resin komposit nanohybrid setelah perendaman dalam larutan kopi, dengan cara membagi 24 gigi molar 3 menjadi 4 kelompok. Sample dibuat kavitas berbentuk lingkaran dengan diameter 2 mm kemudian ditumpat resin komposit nanohybrid dengan teknik inkremental (kelompok I-II) dan bulk (kelompok III-IV),pada kelompok I juga diaplikasikan re- etch re-bond setelah finishing lalu direndam dalam larutan kopi. Hasilnya, kelompok I menunjukkan nilai pewarnaan tepi tumpatan yang terendah dan pewarnaan tepi bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05) terjadi pada penghitungan hari ke-6 dan ke-12. Kesimpulannya, teknik penumpatan inkremental dan pengaplikasian re-etch re-bond dapat meminimalkan perubahan warna tepi tumpatan.

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This study discusses the influence of incremental technique and re-etch re-bond applications to the prevention of marginal discoloration nanohybrid composite resin after immersed in a solution of coffee, by dividing the 24 third molars into 4 groups. Sample made a circular cavity with a diameter of 2 mm then restored by nanohybrid composite resin with incremental technique (group I-II) and bulk (group III-IV), in group I also applied re-etch re-bond after finishing and then immersed in a solution of coffee . As a result, group I showed the lowest value of marginal discoloration and the marginal discoloration statistically significant (p <0.05) occurred in the counting day 6 and 12. In conclusion, incremental techniques and application of re-etch re- bond can minimize marginal discoloration of composite resin"

"Resin kompositterus dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan performa estetiknya. Resin komposit terbaru yaitu nanofiller dan nanohybrid yang masih diperdebatkan ketahanannya terhadap zat warna minuman kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan perubahan warna permukaan resin komposit nanofiller dan nanohybrid setelah perendaman kopi. Terdapat 36 sampel yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm, tebal 3 mm. Pengukuran warna menggunakan vita easyshade classic yang diurutkan berdasarkan value. Hasil data dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Test dan Mann-Whitney Test. Didapatkan Perubahan warna pada nanohybrid lebih sedikit dibandingkan pada nanofiller dan secara statistik berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Sehingga nanohybrid memiliki ketahanan terhadap zat warna yang lebih baik daripada nanofiller.

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Resin composites continue developed to improve aesthetic performance. The newest composite resin are nanofiller and nanohybrid where color resistance to coffee drinks still debating. The aim of this study is to compare surface discoloration nanofiller and nanohybrid resin composites after immersion coffee. There are 36 samples were divided into 6 groups with a diameter of 6 mm, thickness 3 mm. Color measurements using vita easyshade classic that is sorted by value.Results data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney Test. Changes in color on nanohybrid lower than the nanofiller and statistically significant (p<0.05). Therefore nanohybrid has resistance to color better than nanofiller."

"Pada tahap pengerasannya, material bioaktif akan mengalami mekanisme hidrasi dengan melepaskan beberapa ion yang dikandungnya. Reaksi pada permukaan material ini dapat melepaskan dan merubah konsentrasi dari ion-ion terlarut yang akan memicu terjadinya respon intraseluler dan ekstraseluler dan akan mengkonduksi terjadinya pembentukan jaringan keras. Ion kalsium (Ca2+) yang dilepas material bioaktif berperan dalam fungsinya sebagai peningkat pH, bakterisid, menekan aktivitas osteoklas, serta merangsang pembentukan fibroblas.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pelepasan ion Ca2+ dari material bioaktif MTA-Angelus® dan Biodentine®. Sebanyak 46 sampel dipersiapkan dengan ukuran Ø 2 mm dan tinggi 2 mm, terdiri dari 23 sampel kelompok MTA Angelus®, dan 23 sampel kelompok Biodentine® direndam dalam air deionisasi selama 1 jam dan 48 jam. Larutan perendam kemudian diukur kadar pelepasan ion Ca2+-nya menggunakan alat atom absorption sphectropometer, kemudian hasilnya diuji statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil uji statistik post hoc Mann Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna diantara semua kelompok dengan nilai signifikansi p≤0,05. Biodentine® terbukti melepaskan ion Ca2+ lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan MTA Angelus® pada waktu pengukuran 1 jam dan 48 jam.MTA Angelus® melepaskan ion Ca2+ lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan Biodentine®.

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On the setting stage, the bioactive materials will experience hydration mechanism by releasing a number of their ions. The reaction on the surface of these materials can release and alter dissolved ions concentration which will trigger an intracellular and extracellular responses. This process will also conduct remineralization. The released Ca2+ ions will increase alkalinizing activity, antibacterial, suppressing osteoclast activity as well as stimulating fibroblast formation. The aim of this study is to analyze Ca2+ ion release from MTA Angelus® dan Biodentine® as a bioactive material. As many as 46 samples are prepare with the size of 2 mm in diameters and 2 mm in height. The samples consist of 23 of MTA Angelus® samples, and 23 of Biodentine® samples. Both materials were soaked in deionized water for an hour which will then be measured. Both materials will then be transferred into fresh solution and will be soaked for 48 hours before they would be measured for the second time. The measurements will be conducted by using atom absorption sphectropometer. The result will later be statistically tested using a Kruskal Wallis test. Mann Whitney post hoc’s statistic test result showed a significant discrepancy among all groups, whit the significant value of p≤0,05. . Biodentine® was proven to release more Ca2+ ions compared to MTA Angelus® during the 1 and 48-hour measurments. MTA Angelus® released Ca2+ ion faster than Biodentine® does."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Ketahanan ikatan antara resin komposit dengan dentin merupakan penentu keberhasilan restorasi resin komposit.Tujuan: Menganalisis EBA terhadap kekuatan ikat resin-dentin.Metode: 48 sampel dentin dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kemudianseluruh kelompok di ukur kekuatan ikat gesernya menggunakan UTM.Data dianalisa statistik dengan uji hipotesis Kruskal Wallis yangdilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Median tertinggikelompok 3, sedangkan median terendah kelompok 5. Kesimpulan:Ekstrak biji anggur yang diaplikasikan sebelum etsa dapatmeningkatkan kekuatan ikat gesek namun tidak dapat menghambatbiodegradasinya.ABSTRACT Background: Resilience of resin-dentin bonding known as one ofsuccess composite resin restoration determinants. Aim: To analyze theeffect of grape seed extract on resin-dentin shear bond strength.Methods: 48 dentin sample were divided into 6 groups. Shear bondstrengths measured using UTM. Statistical analysis was done byKruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test. Results: The highestmedian value was highest on group 3, and the lowest was group 5.Conclusion: Grape seed extract can improve the shear bond strengthbut not have effect on reducing the biodegradation.;Background: Resilience of resin-dentin bonding known as one ofsuccess composite resin restoration determinants. Aim: To analyze theeffect of grape seed extract on resin-dentin shear bond strength.Methods: 48 dentin sample were divided into 6 groups. Shear bondstrengths measured using UTM. Statistical analysis was done byKruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test. Results: The highestmedian value was highest on group 3, and the lowest was group 5.Conclusion: Grape seed extract can improve the shear bond strengthbut not have effect on reducing the biodegradation."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Berbagai material kaping pulpa berbahan dasar kalsium silikatterus dikembangkan, diantaranya semen berbasis kalsium silikat denganpenambahan steroid. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek penambahan steroid pada semenberbasis kalsium silikat terhadap viabilitas sel fibroblas. Metode: Sel fibroblasembrio ayam direndam dalam ekstrak larutan semen berbasis kalsium silikatdengan penambahan steroid dan MTA. Viabilitas sel dihitung dengan menggunakan uji MTT. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p ≤ 0,05)viabilitas sel pada kelompok semen berbasis kalsium silikat dengan penambahansteroid dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dan MTA. Kesimpulan: Penambahansteroid menurunkan viabilitas sel. Terdapat peningkatan pada 72 jam, yang menandakan terjadinya proliferasi sel.ABSTRACT Background: Calcium silicate based materials are being developed continuously,one of them is calcium silicate based cement containing steroid. Objective: Toanalyze the effect of steroid addition in calcium silicate based cement onfibroblast cells viability. Methods: Chicken embryonic fibroblast cells wereimmersed in extract solution of calcium silicate based cement containing steroidand MTA. Viability was analyzed by MTT Assay. Results: Significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) of viability on calcium silicate based cement containing steroid groupwas found, compared to control and MTA group. Conclusion: Steroid additiondecrease viability. There was an increase in 72 hours, marking cells proliferation.;Background: Calcium silicate based materials are being developed continuously,one of them is calcium silicate based cement containing steroid. Objective: Toanalyze the effect of steroid addition in calcium silicate based cement onfibroblast cells viability. Methods: Chicken embryonic fibroblast cells wereimmersed in extract solution of calcium silicate based cement containing steroidand MTA. Viability was analyzed by MTT Assay. Results: Significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) of viability on calcium silicate based cement containing steroid groupwas found, compared to control and MTA group. Conclusion: Steroid additiondecrease viability. There was an increase in 72 hours, marking cells proliferation.;Background: Calcium silicate based materials are being developed continuously,one of them is calcium silicate based cement containing steroid. Objective: Toanalyze the effect of steroid addition in calcium silicate based cement onfibroblast cells viability. Methods: Chicken embryonic fibroblast cells wereimmersed in extract solution of calcium silicate based cement containing steroidand MTA. Viability was analyzed by MTT Assay. Results: Significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) of viability on calcium silicate based cement containing steroid groupwas found, compared to control and MTA group. Conclusion: Steroid additiondecrease viability. There was an increase in 72 hours, marking cells proliferation."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Enterococcus Faecalis merupakan bakteri yang sering ditemukan pada kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Hal ini berhubungan dengan sifat resistensi dari E.faecalis terhadap antibakteri. Klorheksidin 2 % merupakan bahan irigasi yang terbukti efektif dalam menghilangkan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis), akan tetapi klorheksidin memiliki toksisitas terhadap sel tertentu. Teh hijau merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang banyak dikonsumsi di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Ekstrak teh hijau terbukti memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis. Namun belum banyak penelitian yang meneliti daya antibakteri dari ekstrak teh hijau dan klorheksidin 2% terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm dengan menggunakan metode Real-time PCR. Tujuan: Membandingkan daya antibakteri ekstrak teh hijaudengan klorheksidin 2 % terhadapEnterococcus faecalisdalam biofilm. Metode: koloni E. faecalis ATCC 29212 di kumpulkan dengan loop dari biakan 1 malam E.faecalis di BHI agar, lalu dimasukkan kedalam 10 ml saline steril. Densitas dari suspensi di standarisasi dengan 0.5 McFarland untuk mendapatkan jumlah 10 8 CFU/ml. 50 μl suspensi bakteri diokulasi pada membran filter nitrat selulosa yang diletakkan pada permukaan agar lalu inkubasi selama 3 hari untuk membentuk biofilm, Larutanekstrak teh hijau, CHX 2 % dan kontrol dimasukkan kedalam tabung uji. biofilmE. faecalisdi membran nitrat selulosa dimasukkan ke dalam tabung uji dan paparkan masing masing bahan uji. Semua tabung lalu dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator dengan suhu 37 °C selama 10 menit. Kemudian dilakukan penghitungan jumlah E.faecalis yang hidup dengan menggunakan Real-time PCR.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermaknadiantara kelompok ekstrak teh hijau, klorheksidin 2 %,dan kontrol. Kesimpulan:Esktrak teh hijau memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm, namun tidak seefektif klorheksidin 2%.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method. Aim. To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods : E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results : There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%., Background:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method.Aim.To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods :E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results. There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%.]"

"Latar Belakang: Ekstrak Biji Anggur EBA mengandung proanthosianidin PA yang berperan sebagai pengikat silang kolagen yang menentukan sifat mekanis dentin. Tujuan: menganalisis pengaruh EBA dengan kadar PA 2 9 terhadap kekerasan mikro dentin saluran akar. Metode: 50 gigi dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yang direndam larutan EBA larutan NaOCl 3 dan aquabides Dilakukan pengukuran nilai kekerasan mikro metode Vickers Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil: Nilai kekerasan mikro tertinggi pada kelompok EBA dan terendah kelompok NaOCl 3 Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai kekerasan mikro kelompok EBA 2 9 dan aquabides p 0 05. Kesimpulan: Larutan EBA dapat mempertahankan kekerasan mikro dentin saluran akar.

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Background: Grape Seed Extract GSE contains proanthosianidin PA as collagen cross linking agent that determine dentin mechanical properties.

Aim: To analyze GSE with 2 9 PA effect on root canal dentin microhardness.

Method: 50 teeth divided into 3 groups which immerse in GSE NaOCl 3 and aquabides Microhardness value measured with Vickers method Data analyze with Kruskal Wallis.

Result: The highest microhardness value on GSE group and the lowest on NaOCl group No significant difference in microhardness value of GSE group compared to aquabides group p 0 05.

Conclusion: GSE solution maintain microhardness value of root canal dentin."

"Latar belakang: Pembuangan seluruh infected dentin lesi karies dalam berisiko menyebabkan pulpa terbuka. Saat ini dimungkinkan untuk melakukan perawatan secara minimal invasif dengan meninggalkan sebagian jaringan karies. Partial caries excavation dan penggunaan material bioaktif iRoot BP Plus dapat memicu terjadinya remineralisasi affected dentin. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi remineralisasi affected dentin pada pembuangan seluruh dan sebagian infected dentin setelah aplikasi iRoot BP Plus. Metode: Subjek dibagi dua grup, grup I pembuangan sebagian infected dentin, dan grup II pembuangan seluruh infected dentin. Masing-masing kelompok diaplikasikan iRoot BP Plus dan diukur grey value sebelum dan setelah empat minggu perlakuan, kemudian dibandingkan. Hasil: Terjadi remineralisasi affected dentin pada grup I dan II setelah aplikasi iRoot BP Plus selama empat minggu. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat remineralisasi affected dentin pada grup I dan II setelah aplikasi iRoot BP Plus setelah empat minggu. Kesimpulan: Remineralisasi affected dentin dapat terjadi dengan meninggalkan sebagian infected dentin ataupun mengangkat seluruhnya.

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Background: Removal of all infected dentin on deep caries lesion leads to a high risk of pulp exposure. Nowadays, minimally invasive treatment could be done by leaving partly carious lesion. Partial caries lesion and application of bioactive material such as iRoot BP Plus can promote affected dentin remineralization.

Aim: to evaluate the remineralization in affected dentin by leaving partly infected dentin or remove all infected dentin after iRoot BP Plus application.

Methods: Subjects are divided into two groups, group I is leaving partly and group II remove all infected dentin. Each group is measured to get pixel grey value before and four weeks after application of iRoot BP Plus, and then compare.

Result: Reminalisation is occurred in both of the groups after the application of iRoot BP Plus during four weeks.

Conclusion: Reminalization is occurred in the affected dentin in both of the groups either by only removal in some part or all of infected dentin. "

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu sifat ideal suatu siler saluran akar adalah memiliki kemampuan penutupan yang baik terutama pada sepertiga apeks. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi perbandingan kebocoran antara pengisian saluran akar dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan SP dan siler bioceramic SB . Metode: Tiga puluh enam gigi premolar rahang bawah, dibagi dua kelompok dan diisi dengan teknik kon tunggal menggunakan siler polidimetilsiloksan pada kelompok pertama, dan siler bioceramic pada kelompok ke-dua. Selanjutnya gigi diinkubasi 37?C, selama 24 jam , kemudian dilapisi dengan dua lapis cat kuku kecuali pada 2 mm dari apeks, dan direndam dalam tinta india 7 X 24 jam . Sampel didekalsifikasi, didehidrasi dan dibuat transparan sesuai dengan metode Robertson. Kedalaman penetrasi zat tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Skor 0 untuk tidak bocor, skor 1 untuk penetrasi zat tinta le; 0,5 mm, skor 2 untuk penetrasi 0,51 ndash; 1 mm, dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi > 1 mm. Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar pada kelompok SP terdapat pada skor 2 44.4 , sedangkan pada kelompok SB terdapat pada skor 1 55.6 . Kesimpulan: Tingkat kebocoran pengisian saluran akar dengan siler bioceramic tidak berbeda dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan.

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ABSTRACTBackground One of the ideal properties of a root canal sealer is to have a good sealing ability, especially at the apical third of the root. Objective To evaluate the comparison of the apical leakage between obturation using bioceramic sealer SB and polydimethylsiloxane sealer SP . Methods Thirty six mandibular premolars were equally divided into two groups and was obturated with single cone technique. The sealer used for Group I and Group II were SP and SB respectively. After obturation, the samples were incubated 37 C, 24 h , sealed with two coats of nail polish except for 2 mm from the apex, immersed in the Indian ink for 7 days, decalcified, dehydrated and made transparent according to Robertson technique. Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope. Samples with no dye penetration were given score 0, le 0,5 mm dye penetration were given score 1, 0,051 ndash 1 mm were given score 2, and 1 mm were given score 3. Result The largest proportion distribution in SP group was at the score 2 44.4 , and in group SB was at the score 1 55.6 . Conclusion Bioceramic sealer showed similar apical leakage to polydimethylsiloxane sealer."