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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, membuat kunci identifikasi dan deskripsi anggrek hasil eksplorasi Tim Flora Fauna Ekspedisi NKRI Koridor Sulawesi 2013 Subkorwil Tana Toraja di kawasan hutan Gunung Sinaji, Sulawesi Selatan. Identifikasi dilakukan terhadap koleksi hidup yang dikonservasi ex situ di Kebun Raya Cibodas dan foto sampel anggrek di lapangan, dengan cara mencocokkan data morfologi yang diperoleh dengan deskripsi pada buku identifikasi anggrek serta membandingkannya dengan koleksi pada herbarium online Herbarium Jany Renz (Swiss Orchid Foundation) dan National Herbarium Leiden (Malesian Orchid Genera). Sebanyak 47 spesies anggrek yang dikoleksi, teridentifikasi ke dalam 28 genus dengan perincian 24 koleksi teridentifikasi hingga genus dan 23 koleksi hingga spesies. Kunci identifikasi dan deskripsi telah berhasil dibuat berdasarkan genus-genus dan spesies anggrek hasil eksplorasi di kawasan hutan Gunung Sinaji.

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ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to identify, make an identification key and to describe the obtain orchids from exploration of Tim Flora Fauna Ekspedisi NKRI Koridor Sulawesi 2013 Subkorwil Tana Toraja on forest area of Mount Sinaji, South Sulawesi. That orchids were conserved in the Cibodas Botanic Garden identified by compared morphologycal data with description in orchid identification books and online herbarium collection such as Herbarium Jany Renz (Orchid Swiss Foundation) and National Herbarium Leiden (Malesian Orchid Genera). Fourty seven orchids species were identified to 28 genus, in detail 24 orchids identified until genus and 23 orchids identified until species. Identification key and description was made base on orchids genus and species exploration result which identified in this research.

Abstrak :
[Dendrobium crumenatum merupakan jenis anggrek yang memiliki variasi morfologi akibat adanya persebaran yang luas. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa penelitian terhadap variasi morfologi bunga Dendrobium crumenatum belum dilakukan, salah satunya akibat penjelasan deskripsi yang tidak sama dari tiap-tiap pulau. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi yang sama dan lebih lengkap, kemudian menganalisis karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda dan memberikan gambaran mengenai pola pengelompokan berdasarkan pola biogeografi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan 78 spesimen vegetatif dan 51 spesimen bunga. Sebanyak 33 karakter dari 37 spesimen bunga dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perhiasan bunga, tepi lobus tengah, bentuk sepal dorsal dan sepal lateral, kalus, dan perbandingan panjang lobus tengah dan lobus samping labellum merupakan karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan tiga kelompok yang terpisah, yaitu kelompok 1 (Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan, dan Sulawesi) sebagai Dendrobium crumenatum, kelompok 2 (Nusa Tenggara) sebagai Dendrobium sp., dan kelompok 3 (Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku) sebagai Dendrobium papilioniferum. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan referensi untuk mengubah distribusi Dendrobium crumenatum, menjadikan Dendrobium papilioniferum menjadi jenis yang terpisah, dan menjadi data awal publikasi jenis baru Dendrobium dari Nusa Tenggara. ;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. ;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. , Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. ]

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Nepenthes adalah salah satu genus tumbuhan yang memiliki karakter kunci identifikasi pada organ daun dan kantong sebagai modifikasi. Akan tetapi, luasnya variasi morfologi pada organ tersebut dalam satu spesies dan antar spesies dapat menyebabkan kesulitan dalam proses identifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menyediakan alternatif proses identifikasi melalui karakter anatomi. Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian disebabkan kurangnya data taksonomi terbaru spesies alami Nepenthes di sana. Lima spesies Nepenthes telah dikoleksi dari Danau Lingkat dan Danau Gunung Tujuh. Pengamatan helaian daun dan kantong dilakukan terpisah. Kantong dibelah menjadi bagian tutup kantong dan badan kantong, kemudian diamati menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Helaian daun dipisahkan menjadi sayatan paradermal dan transversal, didehidrasi menggunakan alkohol, dan diwarnai menggunakan safranin dan fast green. Sayatan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sebelas karakter pembeda antar spesies, yaitu penyebaran kelenjar digesti di pangkal kantong, bentuk kelenjar digesti di pangkal kantong, kerapatan kelenjar digesti di pangkal kantong, kerapatan stomata, panjang stomata, bentuk kelenjar sessile, kerapatan kelenjar sessile, distribusi trikom, ketebalan kutikula adaksial, ketebalan hipodermis adaksial, dan jumlah lapisan hipodermis adaksial. Selain itu, telah dilakukan pelengkapan data terhadap kelenjar nektar.

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ABSTRACT
Nepenthes is one of genera which have key characters on leaf and pitcher as modification. However, wide varieties of morphological features on pitcher intraspecies and between species could be tough for identification proccess. The objective was to provide alternative identification proccess by anatomical features. Kerinci Seblat National park were choosen because lack of update data on wild type Nepenthes there. Five Nepenthes were collected from Lingkat Lake and Gunung Tujuh Lake. Observation on leaves and pitcher divided to two different methods. Pitcher were separated into lid and body part, then observed by stereo microscop. Leaves were separated into paradermal and transversal slices, dehydrated used alcohol, and stained used safranin and fast green. Slices observed by light microscop. Result show there are eleven different characters between species, that rsquo s are digestive glands distribution on pitcher base, digestive glands shape on pitcher base, digestive glands density on pitcher base, stomatal density, stomatal length, sessile glands shape, sessile glands shape, trichoma distribution, adaxial cuticle thickness, adaxial hypodermal thickness, and amount of adaxial hipodermal layer. Besides, updating data on nectary glands has been done.

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ABSTRAK
Studi etnobotani pada suku Kokoda, Kampung Ugar, Pulau Ogasmuni, Kabupaten Fakfak, Papua Barat telah dilakukan dari bulan Februari ? November 2016. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal suku Kokoda. Penelitian menggunakan metode wawancara semistruktur dan terstruktur, serta observasi partisipasi. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan snowball dengan jumlah informan sebanyak 11 orang. Informan terdiri dari kepala kampung, wakil kepala kampung, sekretaris kampung, kepala dusun, istri kepala dusun, dan warga yang sering memakai tumbuhan dalam kesehariannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa masyarakat lokal suku Kokoda di Kampung Ugar memiliki pengetahuan etnobotani yang cukup tinggi. Terdapat 202 macam pemanfaatan dari total 102 spesies tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal. Penelitian berhasil mencatat 69 spesies tumbuhan sebagai obat, 34 spesies sebagai sumber pangan, 10 spesies sebagai sumber estetika, 6 spesies sebagai bahan ritual adat, 3 spesies sebagai bahan papan, 2 spesies sebagai racun, senjata, dan bahan bakar, serta masing-masing 1 spesies sebagai pewarna alami dan sandang.

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ABSTRACT
Ethnobotanical study of Kokoda tribe, Ogasmuni Island, Fakfak Regency, West Papua, Indonesia was conducted from February to November 2016. Purpose of this research is to know the information about utilization of plant species by the indigenous people. This research used semi-structured and structured interviews by selecting 11 key informants using purposive sampling and snowball methods. The informants consisted of village chief, deputy head of the village, chieftain, traditional medical practitioners, and the local people often uses herbs medicine. Research successfully identified 102 plant species used by Kokoda?s tribe for various purpose, such as food, medicine, poison, and tradition ritual.

Abstrak :
Keberadaan kawasan tepi pada suatu habitat hutan dapat menimbulkan efek tepi yang memengaruhi respons berbagai organisme berupa pergeseran habitat atau pola persebaran, salah satunya ialah herba terestrial. Berbagai penelitian terdahulu mengenai efek tepi terhadap herba terestrial memberikan hasil yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek tepi terhadap komunitas herba terestrial di hutan kota Universitas Indonesia telah dilakukan. Pengukuran parameter efek tepi dilakukan dengan mengetahui komposisi spesies pada tiap plot penelitian, perhitungan Indeks Nilai Kepentingan (INK), indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan Shannon-Wiener, dan pengukuran parameter lingkungan. Komposisi spesies menunjukkan kecenderungan respons positif terhadap efek tepi. Berdasarkan perhitungan INK diketahui spesies dominan Axonopus compressus pada kawasan tepi, Centotheca lappacea pada kawasan tengah, dan Amorphophallus variabilis pada kawasan inti. Hasil uji t pada indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pasangan plot tepi-inti dan tengah-inti, sementara itu tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pasangan plot tepi-tengah. Tidak terdapat pola respons tertentu terhadap efek tepi berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengukuran parameter suhu udara, kelembapan udara dan intensitas cahaya. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pada pengukuran parameter pH tanah. Uji korelasi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif antara parameter suhu udara dan intensitas cahaya matahari terhadap penambahan jumlah spesies. Sementara itu tidak ada korelasi antara kelembapan udara dan pH tanah terhadap jumlah spesies. Terdapat dua belas spesies yang memiliki potensi sebagai spesialis kawasan tepi, namun tidak ditemukan spesies yang memiliki potensi sebagai spesialis kawasan inti. ...... The existence of edges in a forest habitat can cause edge effects that affect the response of various organisms in the form of habitat or distribution pattern shifts, one of which is terrestrial herbs. Previous studies on the effects of edges on terrestrial herbs have had different results. The study aimed to determine the effect of edge effects on terrestrial herb communities in urban forests of Universitas Indonesia was conducted. Measurement of the edge effect parameters was done by investigating the composition of species in each research plot, calculating the Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener`s index of diversity and evenness, and measuring environmental parameters. The species composition showed a tendency towards a positive response to edge effects. Based on the calculation of IVI it was known that the dominant species at each area namely Axonopus compressus at the edge, Centotheca lappacea at the middle, and Amorphophallus variabilis at the core. The results of t test on the Shannon-Wieners diversity index show that there were significant differences between edge-core and middle-core pair plots, while there were no significant differences between edge-middle pair plot. There were no specific response patterns for edge effects based on the Shannon-Wieners index. The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed that there were significant differences in the measured air temperature, humidity, and intensity of sunlight parameters. There werent any differences in the measured soil pH parameter. Correlation test shows there were positive correlations between the parameters of air temperature and the intensity of sunlight on the addition of species number. Meanwhile there were no correlation between air humidity and soil pH on the addition of species number. There were twelve potential species categorized as edge area specialists, while there werent any species that have potential as core area specialists.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter anatomi Begonia spp. yang digunakan dalam beradaptasi terhadap cekaman kekeringan telah dilakukan. Beberapa parameter anatomi dan karakter fisiologi enam spesies Begonia spp. dideskripsikan, dibandingkan, serta dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANAVA. Karakter anatomi didapatkan dengan pengamatan hasil sayatan di bawah mikroskop. Hasil sayatan diperoleh dengan menggunakan hand sliding microtome untuk sayatan melintang; dan pengerikan secara langsung untuk sayatan paradermal. Karakter fisiologi didapatkan dengan memberikan perlakuan kekeringan, yaitu tidak memberikan penyiraman selama satu minggu. Hasil analisis parameter fisiologi prolin dan relative water content dan anatomi memperlihatkan dua pola kombinasi parameter yang digunakan Begonia untuk beradaptasi terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Kombinasi pertama yaitu kutikula dan epidermis yang relatif lebih tebal; tidak terdapat hipodermis; stomata yang relatif lebih luas; dan tidak terdapat trikom non-glandular. Kombinasi karakter anatomi kedua yaitu kutikula dan epidermis yang relatif lebih tipis; keberadaan hipodermis; stomata yang relatif lebih sempit; dan keberadaan trikom non-glandular yang relatif lebih rapat.

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ABSTRACT
The research that purpose to reveal leaf anatomical characters of Begonia spp. that used for adapting to drought stress was conducted. Anatomical and physiological parameters in Begonia spp. were described, compared, and analyzed using one way ANOVA. Anatomical characters were taken by observing leaf sections under a microscope. Leaf sections were obtained by scrapping paradermal section and using hand sliding microtome cross section . Begonias were grown under drought stress, didn rsquo t receive water for a week, to get the physiological parameters data. The analysis of physiological proline and relative water content and anatomical parameters showed two combinations of leaf parameters in Begonia spp. that suggest for adapting to drought stress. The first combination cuticle and epidermis are relatively thick hypodermis is absent the stomatal area is relatively large and hair s is absent in the lamina. The second combination cuticle and epidermis are relatively thin hypodermis is present the stomatal area is relatively small and hair density is relatively high in lamina.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Nepenthes mampu hidup di dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah. Perbedaan habitat memunculkan perbedaan anatomi, salah satunya organ daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakter anatomi helaian daun antara Nepenthes dataran tinggi N. aristolochioides dan N. singalana dari Sumatra dan Nepenthes dataran rendah N. rafflesiana dan N. gracilis dari Kalimantan. Setiap spesies diambil satu daun dewasa dari dua individu tumbuhan. Setiap daun dibuat sayatan melintang menggunakan hand mini microtome dan sayatan paradermal dengan teknik leaf scraping. Sayatan didehidrasi menggunakan seri alkohol bertingkat. Pewarnaan menggunakan safranin 1 dan fastgreen 1 . Sayatan diamati mengunakan mikroskop cahaya Olympus di Laboratorium Bioimaging ILRC, UI-Depok. Uji komparatif data anatomi kuantitatif menggunakan Uji T dan Uji Mann-Whitney. Kelompok spesies dataran tinggi menunjukkan helaian daun lebih tebal; kutikula adaksial lebih tipis; kutikula abaksial lebih tebal; epidermis adaksial dan abaksial lebih tebal; hipodermis adaksial lebih banyak lapisan dan lebih tebal; hipodermis abaksial lebih tebal; mesofil lebih tebal; jaringan palisade lebih banyak lapisan dan lebih tebal; sel epidermis adaksial dan abaksial lebih besar; kelenjar sesil adaksial dan abaksial lebih besar, lebih sedikit, dan lebih renggang; stomata abaksial lebih panjang, lebih lebar, lebih besar, lebih sedikit, dan lebih renggang; sel penjaga abaksial lebih panjang dan lebih lebar dibandingkan spesies dataran rendah.

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ABSTRACT
Nepenthes is able to live in the highland and lowland. The differences of their habitat influence theirs anatomical differences, such as leaves. This study aimed to compare the leaves anatomy character between highland Nepenthes N. aristolochioides and N. singalana from Sumatra and lowland Nepenthes N. rafflesiana and N. gracilis from Kalimantan. Each species was represented by one adult leaves of two individual plants. Each leaf was made transverse section by using a hand mini microtome and paradermal section was made by leaf scraping technique. Section was dehydrated by using graded series of alcohol. Sections were stained with safranin 1 and fastgreen 1 . Section was observed using an Olympus light microscope at ILRC Bioimaging Laboratory, UI Depok. The comparative test data of quantitative anatomy using Independent t Test and Mann Whitney Test. Group of highland species showed thicker leaves blade thinner adaxial cuticle thicker abaxial cuticle thicker adaxial and abaxial epidermis more layers and thicker adaxial hypodermis thicker abaxial hypodermis thicker mesophyll more layers and thicker palisade bigger adaxial and abaxial epidermis cell bigger, fewer, and lower density adaxial and abaxial sessile gland longer, wider, bigger, fewer and lower densitity abaxial stomata longer and wider abaxial guard cell than group of lowland species.

Abstrak :
Penelitian mengenai adaptasi anatomi daun dan karakter rizom pada lima spesies paku epifit famili Polypodiaceae di beberapa wilayah Universitas Indonesia telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi adaptasi pada paku epifit terhadap lingkungan kering. Spesies yang digunakan adalah Pyrrosia piloselloides, Pyrrosia lanceolata, Platycerium bifurcatum, Drynaria sparsisora, dan Phymatosorus scolopendria. Masing-masing spesies diamati bentuk epidermis, bentuk stomata, posisi stomata, bentuk trikom sebagai data kualitatif. Ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan epidermis, ketebalan mesofil, ketebalan daun, luas berkas pembuluh angkut, luas stomata serta kerapatan stomata, luas permukaan melintang rizom, dan kapasitas kandungan air sebagai data kuantitatif. Daun pada lima spesies disayat dengan metode sayatan segar. Rizom dipotong secara melintang, difoto, kemudian diukur dengan aplikasi ImageJ. Berat turgid dan berat kering daun diukur untuk mendapatkan kapasitas kandungan air daun. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan adaptasi anatomi dan karakter rizom. Spesies Pyrrosia piloselloides dan P. lanceolata memiliki anatomi daun yang menyerupai daun tumbuhan succulent dengan memiliki kapasitas kandungan air yang tinggi yaitu, 0,149 dan 0,133. Drynaria sparsisora memiliki anatomi ketebalan daun yang tipis 2,6 x 102 μm, kerapatan stomata yang tinggi 51,33/mm2, serta rizom yang luas dengan nilai rerata 3,43 x 102 mm2. Platycerium bifurcatum memiliki anatomi daun relatif tebal dengan nilai rerata 1,23 x 103 μm, dan pembuluh angkut primer reliatif sempit dengan nilai rerata 2,63 x 104 μm. Phymatosorus scolopendria memiliki luas stomata besar 1,97 x 103 μm2 dan rizom relatif tebal. ......The research regarding anatomical adaptation of leaf and rhizome charactristics of five epiphytic fern species of Polypodiaceae family in several areas of Universitas Indonesia has been carried out. This research was aimed to knowing epiphytic ferns strategies against dry environment. Five species used in these research are Pyrrosia piloselloides, Pyrrosia lanceolata, Platycerium bifurcatum, Drynaria sparsisora,dan Phymatosorus scolopendria. The epidermal shape, stomatal shape, and type of trichome was observed as the qualitative data. Quantitative data includes cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf thickness, vascular bundle area, stomatal area, stomatal frequency, and rhizome surface area. The leaves of five species was cut using fresh slice method. Rhizome was cut in cross section and photographed. Visual measurements of leaf and rhizome were measured using Image J. Turgid and dry weight of leaf was collected to measure leaf water capacity. The results show there were differences in the anatomical adaptation and rhizome character. In the species Pyrrosia piloselloides and P. lanceolata have leaf anatomy that resembles the leaves of succulent plants with higher leaf water capacity, 0.149 dan 0.133. Drynaria sparsisora has a thin leaf anatomy with mean value of 2.6 x 102 μm, high stomata density with mean value of 51.33/mm2 and broad rhizome with mean value of 3.43 x 102 mm2. Platycerium bifurcatum has a relatively thick leaf anatomy with mean value of 1.23 x 103 μm, and a narrow primary vascular bundle with mean value of 2.63 x 104 μm. Phymatosorus scolopendria has a large stomata area mean value of 1.97 x 103 μm2 and rhizomes is relatively thick.

Abstrak :
Anggrek merpati Dendrobium crumenatum merupakan anggrek yang tersebar luas di Asia Tenggara dan memiliki nilai sebagai tanaman hias dan tanaman obat. Spesies ini dapat beradaptasi pada berbagai habitat, salah satunya habitat terang hingga ternaung. Intensitas cahaya diketahui memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan tumbuhan. Informasi mengenai pengaruh intensitas cahaya pada anatomi Dendrobium crumenatum masih terbatas, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membandingkan karakter anggrek yang tumbuh di habitat terang dan ternaung. Habitat terang dan ternaung ditentukan dengan membandingkan intensitas cahaya menggunakan lux meter. Organ vegetatif berupa daun, akar, dan pseudobulb diambil dari anggrek yang tumbuh di habitat tersebut. Sampel disayat, diwarnai dan diawetkan, lalu diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil parameter kualitatif dideskripsikan, sementara parameter kuantitatif dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya memiliki pengaruh pada karakter morfologi dan anatomi D. crumenatum. Perbedaan anatomi pada daun yaitu ketebalan daun, ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan mesofil, ketebalan epidermis adaksial, dan kerapatan stomata abaksial. Ditemukan karakter anatomi berupa trikoma sumur pada daun. Ketebalan kutikula dan epidermis yang berbeda signifikan teramati pada pseudobulb Tidak didapat perbedaan anatomi bernilai signifikan pada akar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa intensitas cahaya lebih memengaruhi karakter anatomi daun. Studi eksperimental serta penggunaan spesies lain sebagai pembanding disarankan untuk penelitian lanjutan.
Pigeon orchid Dendrobium crumenatum is commonly found in South East Asia, with values as ornamental and medicinal plant. This species adapts in broad habitat ranges, such as sunny to shaded habitats. Light intensity is known to influences plant development. There are limited informations of how light intensity affect D crumenatums anatomy, this research is aimed to compare the anatomy of D. crumenatum from sunny and shaded habitats. Habitat types determined by comparing light intensities using lux meter. The vegetative organs including leaf, pseudobulb and root were sampled. Samples were cut, stained and preserved, then observed using light microscope. Observed qualitative parameters were described, quantitative parameters were analyzed using unpaired t-test. This research shows that light intensity affected morphology and anatomy of D. crumenatum. Anatomical difference with statistical significance in leaves are leaf thickness, cuticle thickness, adaxial epidermis thickness, mesophyll thickness, and frequency of abaxial stomata. Noteworthy feature of the leaf includes sunken trichomes. Different cuticle and epidermis thickness were observed in the pseudobulb. There was no significant anatomical differences with in the root. It can be concluded in D. crumenatum, light intensity affects leaf anatomy the most. Experimental research and study regarding other species are suggested in the future

Abstrak :
;Gastrodia crispa sebagai anggrek holomycotrophic endemik pegunungan Jawa Barat memiliki habitat pada tanah dengan serasah bambu dan pertumbuhannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh mikoriza. Kebutuhan kondisi lingkungan yang spesifik dan keberadaannya yang endemik diduga memiliki simbiosis dengan fungi tertentu. Isolasi, identifikasi, dan uji pertumbuhan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui  mikoriza simbion G. crispa dan pertumbuhan optimalnya. Penelitian telah berhasil mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi mikoriza simbion G. crispa yang diperoleh dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak dan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango. Isolasi dilakukan berdasarkan teknik tanam langsung dan diinkubasi pada suhu 25 ^oC. Empat isolat berhasil diisolasi dari tiga sampel umbi semu G. crispa. Identifikasi fenotipik yang dibandingkan dengan kunci identifikasi menduga isolat merupakan genus Acremonium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, dan mycelia sterilia. Uji pertumbuhan menggunakan variasi medium dan suhu inkubasi dilakukan pada medium PDA dan PDB modifikasi di suhu 9 ^oC, 25 ^oC, dan 30 ^oC selama 25 hari. Medium PDA dan PDB modifikasi 1 menggunakan pelarut filtrat tanah, sementara PDA dan PDB modifikasi 2 menggunakan pelarut filtrat tanah dengan serasah bambu. Hasil uji keempat isolat mikoriza mendapatkan pertumbuhan optimal pada PDA dan PDB modifikasi di suhu 25 ^oC. Pertumbuhan Acremonium sp., Penicillium sp., dan Trichoderma sp. di medium PDA dan PDB modifikasi 1 dengan PDA dan PDB modifikasi 2 tidak berbeda signifikan, sementara pertumbuhan mycelia sterilia lebih optimal pada medium PDA dan PDB modifikasi 2. ......Gastrodia crispa is an endemic holomycotrophic orchid of West Java mountain area found on soil with bamboo leaf litter and its growth is greatly affected by mycorrhiza. The specific requirement of environmental condition and its endemic presence, might have a symbiosis with specific fungi. Isolation, identification, and growth assay were carried out to identify the mycorrhizae and their optimal growth condition. The research has succeeded in isolation and identification of the symbiont mycorrhizae G. crispa from Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park and Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park. Isolation was carried out using readily cultured isolation technique and incubated at 25 oC. Four mycorrhizae were isolated from three G. crispa pseudotuber samples. Phenotypic identification compared to the key identification assumed that the isolate belongs to the genus Acremonium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and mycelia sterilia. Variation of medium and incubation temperature were assayed using the modified PDA and PDB medium with three variations of incubation temperature 9 oC, 25 oC, and 30 oC for 25 days. Soil filtrate was used to dissolve modified PDA and PDB 1, while bamboo leaf litter with soil filtrate was used to dissolve modified PDA and PDB 2. The results show that four isolates mycorrhizae had optimal growth on modified PDA and PDB at the temperature of 25 oC. The growth results of Acremonium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. on modified PDA and PDB 1 with modified PDA and PDB 2 did not show a significant distinction, while mycelia sterilia had optimal growth on modified PDA and PDB 2.