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Abstrak :
Penguatan daya saing UMKM di Indonesia dinilai penting seiring dengan era keterbukaan persaingan global dengan berlakunya masyarakat ekonomi ASEAN tahun 2015. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa model dan strategi penguatan daya saing internasional UMKM dengan potensi ekonomi local berdasarkan pendekatan LEDI - 9F. Penelitian in menggunakan penedekatan analisis isi dan analytic networking process (ANP). Penelitian ini meneumkan bahwa model penguatan daya saing internasional UMKM dapat dilakukan melalui model kemitraan antara berbagai stakeholders baik ditingkat kabupaten, provisnsi maupun tingkat pusat. Strategi yang dapat digunakan agar UMKM yang memilki potensi ekonomi local mempunyai daya saing internasional adalah optimalisasi penerapan teknologi pertanian, strategi manajerial dan bisnis, strategi integritasi vertical dan horizontal, strategi peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas produk, strategi pendidikan dan pelatiahan tenaga kerja, optimalisasi peran pemerintah dan intansi terkait, pelatihan kewirausahaan bagi UMKM dan calon pengusaha, strategi kemitraan dan pengembangan profesionalitas, dan strategi peningkatan kapasitas.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Background: resistive index (RI) is highly utilised to assess the graft function using Doppler ultrasonography. The RI has been shown as the best ultrasound parameter to assess kidney allograft dysfunction. Several studies have established the role of the RI as a predictor of transplant failure. However, these studies were using RI measurement in the later stages post transplantation. The present study has conducted to identify the association between early RI measurement and early graft function represented as delayed graft function (DGF) and immediate graft function (IGF), as well as long-term graft survival. Methods: an evidence based clinical review of studies published before May 2018 was conducted from Medline, Science Direct, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Studies on early measurement of RI whereby the primary or secondary goals of the study related to graft function and/or graft survival were included. Studies using late RI measurement and without RI value groups were excluded. The Mantzel Haenzel method was used to analyse pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence interval, while the heterogeneity of the study was calculated through I2 value. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: nine studies with a total of 1802 patients who had undergone a kidney transplant were analysed. DGF was found in 19% (193/1015) of the low RI group and in 42.8% (337/787) of the high RI group (RR 2.04 (95% CI 1.72 - 2.41), p < 0.00001, I2 = 28%). IGF was found in 39.5% (62/157) of the low RI group and in 10.5% (28/268) of the high RI group (RR 0.26 (95% CI 0.17 0.40), p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). Long term graft survival, with follow up between 60 144 months, was found in 83% (701/845) of the low RI group and in 69.4% (395/569) of the high RI group (RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.72 0.93), p = 0.002, I2 = 63%). Conclusion: the results of this study emphasise the association between early measurement of RI and early graft function, and longterm graft survival. An elevated RI provides the chance of recognizing the patients with poor longterm prognosis, from the first moment after kidney transplant.