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"This book covers the recent development of the interdisciplinary use of sensors for data collection, systems analysis and monitoring. It presents the latest in theory and practice across a variety of fields such as engineering, biomedicine, and the military."

"Latar Belakang: Sarkopenia mempengaruhi prognosis karsinoma sel hati (KSH). Dalam penilaian klasifikasi Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) terkandung penilaian status performa Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Status performa ECOG merupakan penilaian aktivitas fisik terkait sarkopenia. Pemeriksaan baku emas sarkopenia pada KSH mahal dan membutuhkan banyak waktu. Pemeriksaan tebal otot paha dapat digunakan sebagai modalitas yang baru. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara status performa ECOG dengan sarkopenia pada KSH, mengetahui perbedaan rerata antara tebal otot paha pasien status performa ECOG rendah dengan status performa ECOG tinggi pada KSH, dan mengetahui perbedaan rerata antara tebal otot paha pasien sarkopenia dengan non sarkopenia pada KSH.Metode: Studi ini dilakukan di RS tersier selama Januari – Oktober 2021. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk memperoleh hubungan antara status performa ECOG, tebal otot paha, dan status sarkopenik pasien KSH.Hasil: Delapan puluh lima subjek pasien KSH (usia median, 52 tahun) dilakukan analisis. Sarkopenia diamati pada 30,6% pasien KSH. Setelah melalui analisis multivariat, status performa ECOG buruk berhubungan dengan sarkopenia pada KSH (adjusted OR = 6,35, IK 95% 2,06-19,60). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan rerata tebal otot paha pasien status performa ECOG rendah dengan status performa ECOG tinggi pada KSH (p < 0,001). Terdapat juga perbedaan signifikan rerata tebal otot paha pasien sarkopenia dan non sarkopenia (p < 0,001).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status performa ECOG tinggi dengan sarkopenia pada KSH (aOR = 6,35, IK 95% 2,06-19,60). Rerata tebal otot paha pasien status performa ECOG rendah lebih besar dibanding dengan status performa ECOG tinggi pada karsinoma sel hati. Rerata tebal otot paha pasien non sarkopenia lebih besar dibanding dengan sarkopenia pada karsinoma sel hati.

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Background: Sarcopenia affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. HCC staging consists of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS). ECOG-PS is an assessment of physical activity related to sarcopenia. Gold standard examinations for sarcopenia in HCC are expensive and time-consuming. Thigh muscle thickness can be used as a new modality. This study was aimed to explore the association between ECOG-PS with sarcopenia, to seek thigh muscle thickness difference between poor and good performance status, and to know thigh muscle thickness difference between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients with HCC.

Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital during January – October 2021. Statistical analysis was performed to obtain an association between ECOG-PS, thigh muscle thickness, and sarcopenic status of HCC patients.

Results: Eighty-five HCC patients (median age, 52 years) were analyzed. Sarcopenia was observed in 30,6% of HCC patients. On multivariate binary regression analysis, a poor ECOG-PS remained independently associated with sarcopenia in HCC (adjusted OR = 6,35, 95% CI 2,06-19,6, p < 0,001). There was a significant difference in thigh muscle thickness between good and poor performance status (p < 0,001). There was also a significant difference in thigh muscle thickness between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients (p < 0,001).

Conclusion: There were association between ECOG-PS and sarcopenia in HCC (aOR = 6,35, IK 95% 2,06-19,60). Mean thigh muscle thickness was larger in HCC patients with good ECOG-PS than poor ECOG-PS. Mean thigh muscle thickness was larger in non-sarcopenic HCC patients than sarcopenic ones."

"Latar Belakang: Penderita sirosis hati sering mengalami gangguan sistem hemostasis yang kompleks dan komplikasi perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal. Peran gangguan sistem hemostasis dalam perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal penderita sirosis hati masih belum jelas.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan jumlah trombosit, nilai PT, nilai APTT dan kadar protein C penderita sirosis hati yang mengalami dan yang tidak mengalami perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada penderita sirosis hati. Subjek penelitian diperoleh dari penderita yang berobat di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Seluruh penderita dilakukan pemeriksaan jumlah trombosit, nilai PT, nilai APTT dan kadar protein C. Penderita dengan gejala perdarahan akut saluran cerna bagian atas dilakukan pemeriksaan Esofago-Gastro-Duodenoskopi EGD. Diagnosis perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal ditentukan dari hasil pemeriksaan EGD. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah trombosit, nilai PT, nilai APTT dan kadar protein C penderita sirosis hati yang mengalami dan yang tidak mengalami perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal dipakai uji T indepedent dan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat total 63 penderita sirosis hati yang ikut serta dalam penelitian, 21 penderita mengalami perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal dan 42 penderita tidak mengalami perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal. Perbedaan jumlah trombosit penderita sirosis hati yang mengalami perdarahan dan yang tidak mengalami perdarahan akut varises gastroesofageal mempunyai nilai p>0,05. Jumlah trombosit.

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Background Patients with liver cirrhosis have complex hemostatic system disturbances and acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding frequently. The role of hemostatic system disturbances in acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding has not been yet clear in liver cirrhosis.Objective To know the difference of thrombocyte count, PT, APTT and protein C level in liver cirrhosis patients with and without acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. All patients underwent examination for thrombocyte count, PT, APTT and protein C level. Patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding underwent examination for esophago gastro duodenoscopy EGD. Diagnosis of acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding based on the result of EGD examination. To know the difference of thrombocyte count, PT, APTT and protein C level in liver cirrhosis patients with and without acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding, T independent test and Mann Whitney test were used for statistical analysis.

Results There are 63 patients with liver cirrhosis in this study, 21 patients with acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding and 42 patients without acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding. The difference of thrombocyte count in liver cirrhosis patients with and without acute gastroesophageal bleeding has p value 0,05. Thrombocyte count. "