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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze capital ownership structure and the position of business groups in Indonesia by the use of a company data file the author compiled, and through the analysis, to describe the development path and the changing nature of Indonesian business groups.

In line with this purpose, first of all, the background and the scope of this study is defined in Chapter 1, where I stress the importance of micro-economic studies in Indonesia.

Chapter 2 is devoted to analysis of capital ownership structure in the Indonesian national economy. First, I introduce my company data file as one of the best sources of company analyses, and clarify its significance and limitations(2.2). Then, I describe overall capital ownership structure and prove that domestic private capital constitutes the most significant component in the national economy(2.3). The next section (2.4) focuses on the position of business groups by two measures, that is, their total equity capital accumulated during the last two decades and the scale of present economic activities. Further, I compare the results with some cases of other developing economies and draw implication that Indonesian business groups have developed conspicuously but the level is still less than the upper levels in the international perspective. Lastly, I close this Chapter with some combined conclusions with the results from other data sources (2.5).

Chapter 3 is a historical illustration of the development process of Indonesian business groups. The period from 1967 to 1986 is divided into three sub-periods, and the environmental conditions and reactions of business groups are described with some examples. Throughout the period, I set the analytical focus on development strategies of business groups, and find a consistent tendency that business groups which much depended on exogenous growth factors have come to exhibit endogenous growth abilities, with rationalizing their group formation (3.4.3).

In the last chapter, I examine findings from the above two chapters, through analysis of new development of business groups after deregulation. I attempt two reexaminations ; one is concerning obvious irrelevance of the patronage framework where business groups are viewed from political connection (4.1.2), and the other is concerning the still consistent changing nature of business groups, which suggests that the recent performance of business groups should be viewed in the historical perspective. Lastly, by discussing the recent conglomerate controversy, I clarify my conclusion : business resources accumulated in business groups and their actualized merits at present must be effectively utilized for the future development in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Peran organisasi litbang menjadi penting dalam inovasi karena organisasi ini menghasilkan berbagai macam pengetahuan yang berasal dari pengalaman-pengalaman dan eksperimen serta mengintegrasikannya untuk penciptaan pengetahuan dan produk baru serta inovasi. Pada kenyataannya tantangan terbesar dalam manajemen pengetahuan dalam organisasi litbang adalah memastikan partisipasi orang-orang atau anggota organisasi dalam suatu aktivitas berbagi pengetahuan serta berkolaborasi dalam penggunaan kembali (re-use) hasil-hasil kegiatan sebelumnya Mengingat paten merupakan ukuran kasar (rough measure) dari inovasi dan dalam rangka mendorong alih teknologi hasil riset di LIPI, maka produktivitas paten menjadi salah satu ukuran kinerja dalam mengelola inovasi. Pada perspektif learning and growth, rendahnya kinerja produktivitas paten di bidang Hayati LIPI mengindikasikan adanya persoalan kapabilitas inovasi yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagi pengetahuan dalam organisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini pada adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor spesifik dalam berbagi pengetahuan yang dapat mempengaruhi kapabilitas inovasi LIPI.Faktor-faktor dimaksud, disebut sebagai knowledge management enablers, yang mengacu kepada dimensi personal (learning motivation, interpersonal trust, knowledge-self efficacy), dimensi organisasi (reward system dan top management support), dan dimensi teknologi (information and comunication technology use, disingkat ICT use) dalam berbagi knowledge. Dengan diketahuinya faktor-faktor yang paling mempengaruhi dalam berbagi knowledge, dapat direkomendasikan program intervensi yang lebih efektif sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja manajemen inovasi LIPI yang difasilitasi oleh Pusat Inovasi LIPI. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi, diantara variabel yang diuji, diketahui bahwa variabel interpersonal trust dan ICT use merupakan variabel yang paling mempengaruhi dan memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap berbagi pengetahuan dengan nilai korelasi (R) berturut-turut 0,60 dan 0,62 pada taraf ρ<0,01. Intervensi yang dirancang selanjutnya adalah melaksanakan rekomendasi hasil penelitian yang sesuai dengan kondisi organisasi melalui program intervensi trust building dalam berbagi pengetahuan serta intervensi basis KM dari Sveiby. ...... R& D organizations play an important role in innovation so it may continuously accumulate knowledge from experiences and experiments, then integrate them in order to create new knowledge, product and innovation. The facts, the biggest challenging in knowledge management at R&D organization is to ensure the member's participation in knowledge sharing, collaboration, and re-use of previous knowledge. Considering patent as a rough measure of innovation, and in order to accelerate technology transfer processes in Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), patent productivity can reflects performance indicator in innovation management. In learning and growth persfective, a lower patent productivity in the field of natural sciences has indicated problem in innovation capability, which may be affected by knowledge sharing barrier. The objective of the study is to understand specific factors in knowledge sharing which may affect innovation capability in LIPI. The specific factors, known as knowledge management enablers, refere to personal dimension (learning motivation, interpersonal trust, knowledge-self efficacy), organization dimension (reward system and top management support), and technology dimension (ICT use) in knowledge sharing. As the factors in knowledge sharing are determined, an effective intervension can be recommended so that it can enhance innovation capability performance facilitated by Center for Innovation. According to regression analysis, among variables, interpersonal trust and ICT significantly and mostly correlate in knowledge sharing, with the R values of 0,60 and 0,62 at level of ρ<0,01 respectively. Intervensions program are determined as recommendation of the study and fit to available resources in organization, which focused on trust building in knowledge sharing and Sveiby?s KM based-intervension.