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Untuk menggambarkan penggunaan kriteria diagnostik Rome oleh dokter anak Indonesia dan penatalaksanaannya dalam menghadapi kasus konstipasi fungsional pada balita. Kami mendesain sebuah kuesioner dengan Rome IV sebagai landasannya dibawah bimbingan ahli untuk mengukur pengetahuan dan penatalaksanaan konstipasi fungsional.. Didapatkan total 101 responden. Krtiteria Rome secara umum diketahui oleh dokter anak Indonesia (91.1%), namun tidak semua menggunakannya (81.2%), dan sekitar setengah menggunakan kriteria Rome IV yang terbaru. Ditemukan bahwa secara umum dokter anak Indonesia memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup baik tentang kriteria diagnosis konstipasi fungsional dan tanda bahayanya dengan rata-rata nilai 12.44 ± 3.27. Nilai tatalaksana secara umum lebih rendah dengan rata-rata 6.95 ± 2.17. Penggunaan kriteria Rome pada praktik sehari-hari memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan secara statistik (p = 0.047). Dokter yang menggunakan kriteria Rome memiliki rerata nilai pengetahuan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakan (12.78 ± 3.12 vs. 10.95 ± 3.55). Dokter anak Indonesia secara umum memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup baik mengenai kriteria Rome IV dan tanda bahaya dari konstipasi fungsional. Namun pengetahuan mengenai kriteria Rome IV terbaru dan penatalaksanaan dapat ditingkatkan. Sebaiknya penyebaran informasi tentang Rome IV dan tatalaksana yang bersifat evidence-based ditingkatkan.

 

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To reveal the usage of the Rome diagnostic criteria by Indonesian pediatricians, and their therapeutic approach regarding the management in Infant functional constipation, We designed a questionnaire with the Rome IV criteria as its foundation under expert guidance to gauge the knowledge and therapeutic approach of pediatricians. A total of 101 respondents were obtained. The Rome criteria is widely known (91.1%), but not all apply it in daily practice (81.2%), and only slightly more than half do use the updated Rome IV criteria (65.4%). It was discovered that while Indonesian pediatricians were generally knowledgeable with a mean score of 12.44 ± 3.27 about the Rome IV criteria and alarm symptoms, scores for therapeutic approach were overall lower with a mean of 6.95 ± 2.17. Usage of Rome criteria in daily practice was found to have a statistically significant association with total knowledge scores of pediatricians (p = 0.047), Usage of Rome criteria in daily practice was found to have a statistically significant association with total knowledge scores of pediatricians (p = 0.047), those using the Rome criteria had higher mean scores compared to those who did not (12.78 ± 3.12 vs. 10.95 ± 3.55). Indonesian pediatricians are generally familiar with the Rome criteria for functional constipation, but their knowledge of the latest Rome IV criteria, and management of functional constipation may be lacking. Emphasis should be placed on disseminating the Rome IV criteria and evidence-based recommendations for the management of FC.

 

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Latar Belakang: Kolik infantil adalah suatu gangguan saluran cerna fungsional bayi

usia 0 – 5 bulan yang meliputi periode menangis yang lama serta sulit untukditenangkan. Meskipun kolik infantil biasanya akan hilang dengan sendirinya, kolikinfantil menjadi sumber masalah bagi bayi, orang tua, dan petugas kesehatan.Pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terkait kolik infantil di Indonesia belum pernahdilaporkan sehingga penelitian ini hendak mencari tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku ibuserta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi kolik infantil serta tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku

ibu terhadap kolik infantil.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasi cross-sectional analitik. Kuesioner

untuk menilai pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap kolik infantil dibagikan kepada

sampel yang dipilih secara acak. Nilai pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu kemudian

dianalisis dengan faktor demografis usia ibu, status sosioekonomi, dan jumlah anak.Hasil: Prevalensi kolik infantil ditemukan sebesar 13,1%. Nilai median dan IQR

pengetahuan ibu terhadap kolik infantil adalah 8 (2) dari skor maksimal 12, sedangkan

nilai median dan IQR perilaku ibu terhadap kolik infantil adalah 10 (2) dari skor

maksimal 14. Nilai pengetahuan ibu ditemukan berbeda secara signifikan pada faktor

sosioekonomi. Ibu dengan status sosioekonomi atas memiliki skor pengetahuan 10 (2)

dibandingkan ibu dengan status sosioekonomi menengah dengan skor 8 (4).Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan ibu ditemukan berbeda bermakna pada status sosioekonomi

ibu yang berbeda. Masih terdapat pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu yang belum tepat terkait

kolik infantil sehingga dapat menjadi bahan edukasi bagi tenaga kesehatan untuk

meningkatkan kesadaran ibu tentang kolik infantil.
 

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Background: Infantile colic is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) of aged 0 –

5 months babies that consists of a prolonged and hard-to-soothe crying period. Althoughinfantile colic will naturally stop, it is a known source of problem for the baby, parents,and health workers. Knowledge and attitude of mothers on infantile colic in Indonesiahave never been reported before, thus this study will assess mother’s knowledge andattitude about infantile colic and related factors that may influence them.Goal: To find out prevalence of infantile colic and knowledge and attitude of mother on

infantile colic.Methods: This study was an observational analytical cross-sectional study.

Questionnaires to evaluate knowledge and attitude of mothers toward infantile colic

were given to randomly assigned samples. Score of mother’s knowledge and attitude

were analyzed with demographic factors, such as mother’s age, socioeconomic status,

and number of children.Results: Infantile colic prevalence was found to be 13.1%. The median and IQR of

mother’s knowledge score was 8 (2) from maximal score of 12 while the median and

IQR of mother’s attitude score was 10 (2) from maximal score of 14. A statistically

significant difference was found on mother’s knowledge with different socioeconomic

status. Mothers with high socioeconomic status had knowledge score of 10 (2)

compared to low socioeconomic status mothers who had knowledge score of 8 (4).Conclusion: Socioeconomic factor was found to be a significant factor affecting

mother’s knowledge on infantile colic. However, there are some points of knowledge

and attitude of mothers that were not correct. These points should be addressed by

physicians and considered in giving education for mothers to improve their knowledge

and attitude on infantile colic.
 

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Konstipasi fungsional merupakan salah satu gangguan saluran cerna fungsional yang cukup sering ditemukan pada bayi dengan prevalensi 0,7% - 29,6%. Tidak jarang ibu membawa bayinya ke dokter karena gangguan buang air besar. Indonesia juga merupakan sebuah negara multikultur dan memiliki populasi yang beragam. Pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu mengenai konstipasi fungsional juga masih belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi konstipasi fungsional serta tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap konstipasi fungsional juga faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Data pada penelitian ini didapat dari kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring kepada seratus ibu yang telah dipilih secara acak yang melahirkan atau berkunjung ke Poliklinik Anak RS Premier Bintaro, Tangerang Selatan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat antara masing-masing faktor terhadap pengetahuan atau perilaku ibu. Peneliti mendapatkan 51 dari 100 bayi (51%) mengalami gangguan buang air besar dan 24 diantaranya (24%) terdiagnosis konstipasi fungsional berdasarkan Kriteria Roma IV. Nilai median untuk pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap konstipasi fungsional secara berurutan adalah 10 dan 12 dari nilai maksimal 12 dan 14. Peneliti tidak menemukan hubungan bermakna antara faktor usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, status sosioekonomi keluarga, dan jumlah anak dengan pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu terhadap konstipasi fungsional. 

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Functional constipation is one of functional gastrointestinal disorders that has high prevalence in baby with prevalence 0,7% - 29,6%. Mothers often bring their children to the practicer because of the defecation problems. In another side, Indonesia is a multicultural country that has different kinds of population. Information about mothers’ knowledge and therapeutic approach to functional constipation are still limited. Aim of this research is to discover the prevalence of functional constipation and mothers’ knowledge and theurapeutic approach to functional constipation with the related factors. The data is collected from online questionnaire that distributed to a hundred mothers that have been randomly selected from those who gave birth or visit children polyclinic. Researcher is using bivariate analysis to analyze each variable to knowledge and therapeutic approach. Researcher gets 51 from 100 baby (51%) have defecation problem and 24 among them (24%) diagnosed with functional constipation due to Rome Criteria IV. Median of mothers’ knowledge and therapeutic approach is 10 and 12 with maximum score is 12 and 14 respectively. There are no significant relationship between mothers’ and education, family sosioeconomic status, and number of children with mothers’ knowledge and therapeutic approach to functional constipation. 

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"Latar Belakang. Cairan rehidrasi oral dan zinc telah menjadi terapi standar dalam tata laksana diare akut pada anak. Probiotik sudah digunakan secara luas pada kasus diare akut pada anak meskipun belum direkomendasikan oleh WHO. Penelitian yang membandingkan penambahan probiotik pada terapi standar masih sangat terbatas.Tujuan. Mengetahui efektivitas pemberian suplementasi probiotik pada terapi standar diare akut. Metode. Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dilakukan pada anak usia 6 bulan sampai 36 bulan dengan diare akut tanpa dehidrasi dan dehidrasi ringan sedang, yang dilakukan di kelurahan Kenari, Jakarta Pusat antara bulan Oktober 2011 sampai Februari 2012. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan terapi standar ditambah probiotik Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 1.9 x 109 cfu dan Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 0.1 x 109 cfu, sedangkan kelompok kontrol diberikan terapi standar dan plasebo. Luaran yang dinilai adalah durasi diare dan frekuensi defekasi. Penelitian ini bersifat intention to treat analysis. Hasil. Total 112 subjek masuk dalam penelitian, terdiri dari 56 subjek mendapat terapi standar ditambah probiotik, dan 56 subjek hanya terapi standar. Median lama durasi diare setelah terapi pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu 68,5 jam sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 61,5 jam (p=0,596). Median frekuensi defekasi pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu 5 kali, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 5,5 kali (p=0,795). Simpulan. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan penurunan durasi diare dengan penambahan probiotik pada terapi standar. Meskipun kelompok perlakuan memiliki frekuensi defekasi yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, namun perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna.

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Background. Oral rehydration solution and zinc have been used as standard therapy for treating acute diarrhea in children. Probiotics are widely used in treatment of acute diarrhea in children, although it has not been recommended by WHO. Studies comparing supplementation of probiotics to standard therapy are still limited.

Objectives. To know the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to standard therapy in acute diarrhea.

Methods. A randomized double blind clinical trial was performed in children aged 6-36 months with acute diarrhea without dehydration or mild to moderate dehydration in Kenari sub district, central Jakarta, between October 2011 until Februari 2012. Supplemented group was given standard therapy and probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 1.9 x 109 cfu and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 0.1 x 109 cfu, while control group was given standard therapy and placebo. The outcomes were duration of diarrhea and frequency of defecation. Stool frequency was recorded daily until resolution of diarrhea. The analysis was based on intention to treat.

Results. A total of 112 subjects were included in the study, consisted of 56 subjects in supplemented group and 56 subjects in control group. Median duration of diarrhea in supplemented group was 68,5 hours while in the control group was 61,5 hours (p=0,596). Median frequency of defecation in supplemented group was 5 times, while in the control group was 5,5 times (p=0,795).

Conclusion. This study did not find shorter duration of diarrhea with supplementation of probiotics to standard therapy. Although supplemented group had lower frequency of defecation compared to control group, the difference was not significant."

"Diarrhea poses significant health risks in developing countries like Indonesia, especially among children, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates according to the 2018 World Health Organization report. The escalating antimicrobial resistance among enteric pathogens in these nations is also a critical concern. The aim of this research is to profile Gram-negative bacteria in pediatric patients with diarrheal conditions and analyze the antibacterial gene resistance of Gram-negative bacteria in these patients. Stool samples were cultured and sent to the FKUI Microbiology Laboratory for DNA isolation. Pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria were identified and sequenced at the Bioinformatics Core Facilities at IMERI-FKUI using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Antibiotic resistance to antibiotics such as cefixime, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and carbapenem was determined. Eighteen bacterial samples revealed a diverse landscape of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli strains. Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated (56%), with various Sequence Types (STs) and phylotypes identified. Notably, ST-231 and ST-101 were associated with the K1 phylotype, indicating potential virulence. E. coli (44% of samples) showed a spectrum of pathogenicity, including ExPEC as the most prevalent. Virulence gene analysis highlighted complex pathogenic mechanisms and significant antibiotic resistance, especially in E. coli. K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. This research enhances the understanding of gastrointestinal health in children and underscores the urgent need for effective antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Kolitis infeksi adalah proses inflamasi pada usus besar yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri patogen, seperti Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli, dan Campylobacter. Dibuktikan dengan pemeriksaan kultur tinja, tetapi biayanya cukup mahal, perlu waktu dan tidak selalu tersedia di semua fasilitas kesehatan. Rekomendasi WHO jumlah lekosit lebih dari 10 per LPB untuk Shigella disentriae dengan klinis disentri dan merupakan indikasi pemberian antibiotika. Sering ditemukan anak diare dengan lekosit kurang dari 10/LPB tetapi hasil kultur positif bakteri patogen. Mencari hubungan jumlah lekosit tinja dengan kejadian diare yang disebabkan infeksi bakteri patogen yang memerlukan terapi antibiotika.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi, sebaran bakteri patogen, nilai leukosit mikroskopik tinja pada anak dengan kolitis infeksi bakteri. Mengetahui hubungan leukosit tinja dengan kultur tinja dan pola sensitivitas antibiotika pada kolitis infeksi bakteri.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif dengan metode potong lintang dan uji diagnostik untuk menilai sensitivitas hitung leukosit tinja untuk mendiagnosis kolitis infeksi bakteri. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, dari bulan Januari- Juni 2015.Hasil. Dari 45 subjek penelitian ditemukan kultur positif pada 19 subjek (42,2%). Bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah E.coli (79%), Salmonella sp. (10,5%), dan C.difficille (10,5%). Pada titik potong ROC ditemukan nilai lekosit >8 per LPB dengan sensitivitas 0,654 dan spesifisitas 0.632. E.coli masih memperlihatkan sensitivitas cukup tinggi terhadap kloramfenikol dan siprofloksasin tetapi tidak terhadap sefiksim. Salmonella sp. sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol, sefiksim, dan seftriakson, sedangkan C. difficile sensitif terhadap Seftriakson.Simpulan. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 19 (42,2%) subyek penderita diare hasil kultur tinja positif bakteri patogen dan pada titik potong ROC ditemukan nilai lekosit > 8 per LPB dengan sensitivitas 65.4% dan spesifisitas 63.2%. Pada pola sensitivitas antibiotika, E.coli sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol dan siprofloksasin dan Salmonella dan C.difficile sensitif terhadap seftriakson.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Infective colitis is an inflammatory process in the colon caused by pathogenic bacterial infection, such as Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli, and Campylobacter. Diagnosis is made by fecal culture, but the cost is relatively expensive, time-consuming, and not readily available in every health facility. WHO recommends that fecal leukocyte more than 10 per HPF for the diagnosis of Shigella disentriae with clinical symptom of dysentriae and indicated for antibiotic treatment. Often there are diarrheic children with leukocyte less than 10/HPF but the culture is positive for pathogenic bacteria. This study would like to look for the relationship between fecal leukocyte and incidence of diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria infection that requires antibiotic therapy.Objective. To study the prevalence, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, leukocyte count in fecal microscopic test in children with bacterial infective colitis. To study the relationship between fecal leukocyte and fecal culture with sensitivity pattern of antibiotics in bacterial infective colitis.Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study and diagnostic test to study the sensitivity of fecal leukocyte count in diagnosing bacterial infective colitis. Study was performed in the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from January to June 2015.Results. From 45 study subjects, positive culture was found in 19 subjects (42.2%), and the most common bacteria were E.coli (79%), Salmonella sp. (10.5%), and C. difficille (10,5%). At the ROC we found leukocyte count >8 per HPF as cutoff point with 0.654 sensitivity and 0.632 specificity. E. coli still showed relatively high sensitivity to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, but not to cefixime. Salmonella sp. were sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefixime, and ceftriaxone, while C. difficile were sensitive to ceftriaxone.Conclusion. In this study there were 19 (42.2%) subjects with diarrhea, with positive fecal culture for pathogenic bacteria. At the ROC cutoff point we found leukocyte count > 8 per HPF with 65.4% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity. On the antibiotic sensitivity pattern, E. coli was sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, while Salmonella dan C.difficile were sensitive to ceftriaxone, Background. Infective colitis is an inflammatory process in the colon caused by pathogenic bacterial infection, such as Shigella, Salmonella, E.coli, and Campylobacter. Diagnosis is made by fecal culture, but the cost is relatively expensive, time-consuming, and not readily available in every health facility. WHO recommends that fecal leukocyte more than 10 per HPF for the diagnosis of Shigella disentriae with clinical symptom of dysentriae and indicated for antibiotic treatment. Often there are diarrheic children with leukocyte less than 10/HPF but the culture is positive for pathogenic bacteria. This study would like to look for the relationship between fecal leukocyte and incidence of diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria infection that requires antibiotic therapy.Objective. To study the prevalence, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, leukocyte count in fecal microscopic test in children with bacterial infective colitis. To study the relationship between fecal leukocyte and fecal culture with sensitivity pattern of antibiotics in bacterial infective colitis.Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study and diagnostic test to study the sensitivity of fecal leukocyte count in diagnosing bacterial infective colitis. Study was performed in the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from January to June 2015.Results. From 45 study subjects, positive culture was found in 19 subjects (42.2%), and the most common bacteria were E.coli (79%), Salmonella sp. (10.5%), and C. difficille (10,5%). At the ROC we found leukocyte count >8 per HPF as cutoff point with 0.654 sensitivity and 0.632 specificity. E. coli still showed relatively high sensitivity to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, but not to cefixime. Salmonella sp. were sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefixime, and ceftriaxone, while C. difficile were sensitive to ceftriaxone.Conclusion. In this study there were 19 (42.2%) subjects with diarrhea, with positive fecal culture for pathogenic bacteria. At the ROC cutoff point we found leukocyte count > 8 per HPF with 65.4% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity. On the antibiotic sensitivity pattern, E. coli was sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, while Salmonella dan C.difficile were sensitive to ceftriaxone]"

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Penyakit refluks gastroesofagus PRGE pada remaja sulit didiagnosis, karena gejala klinis tidak spesifik dan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup. Gastroesofageal reflux disease questionnaire GERD-Q dan pediatric gastroesophageal symptom and quality of life questionnaire PGSQ telah divalidasi dan dikembangkan untuk mengidentifikasi PRGE dan kualitas hidup. Penggunaan GERD-Q dan PGSQ pada populasi remaja sebagian besar tidak diketahui.Tujuan: Untuk memperoleh prevalens dugaan PRGE pada remaja menggunakan GERD-Q dan penilaian kualitas hidup pada remaja yang memiliki GERD-Q positif skor ge; 7 dengan menggunakan PGSQ.Metode: Remaja usia 12-18 tahun di evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner GERD-Q. Remaja yang memiliki skor GERD-Q positif dievaluasi kualitas hidupnya menggunakan PGSQ. Analisis mengenai faktor risiko dugaan PRGE juga dilakukan.Hasil: Pada 520 subjek, rasio laki-laki dan perempuan 1:1,3 dan usia median 13 tahun. Prevalens dugaan PRGE pada remaja menggunakan kuesioner GERD-Q adalah 32,9 . Mengkonsumsi minuman soda memiliki risiko 1,7 kali mengalami dugaan PRGE Interval kepercayaan 95 1,3-2,2, ABSTRACT Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescent is difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific symptom and often lead to poor quality of life. Gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire GERD Q and pediatric gastroesophageal symptom and quality of life questionnaire PGSQ are validated questionnaire that was developed to help identify GERD patients and their quality of life respectively. The application of GERD Q and PGSQ in adolescent population is largely unknown.Aim To obtain suspected GERD prevalence in adolescent using GERD Q and quality of life score assessment in adolescent with GERD Q positive.Methods Adolescent age 12 18 years were evaluated using indonesian version of GERD Q. Adolescents with GERD Q positive were then evaluated their quality of life using Indonesian version of PGSQ. Suspected risk factors of having GERD, which would influence GERD Q result, were also analyzed.Result In 520 subjects, the male to female ratio was 1 1,3 and the median age was 13 years range 12 18 years . Prevalence of GERD in adolescent using GERD Q was 32,9 . Routine soda consumption was 1,7 times more likely to have GERD CI 95 1.3 2.2, p"

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Prevalens malabsorpsi laktosa bervariasi tergantung daerah geografis. Di Indonesia, prevalens pada usia 3-5 tahun turun dari 72 di tahun 1971 menjadi 21,3 di tahun 1997 dan pada usia 6-12 tahun sebesar 58 . Pajanan rutin terhadap susu dan produknya dipercaya menimbulkan respons adaptif dan merubah prevalens. Tujuan: Mengetahui perubahan prevalens malabsorpsi laktosa pada usia 3-12 tahun dalam 50 tahun terakhir serta pengaruh pajanan susu dan produknya terhadap prevalens malabsorpsi laktosa. Metode: Desain potong lintang pada 174 anak usia 3-12 tahun. Dilakukan anamnesis mengenai kebiasaan konsumsi susu dan produknya serta pemeriksaan uji napas hidrogen. Hasil: Prevalens pada usia 3-5 tahun adalah 20,8 dan usia 6-12 tahun adalah 35,3 . Prevalens pada usia 3-5 tahun tidak berhubungan dengan kebiasaan minum susu p=1, ABSTRACT Background: Prevalence of lactose malabsorption LM varies. In Indonesia, prevalence in children aged 3-5 years decreased from 72 in 1971 to 21.3 in 1997 and 58 at age 6-12 years. Routine exposure to milk and dairy products is believed to lead to an adaptive response and changes the prevalence. Aim: To know the change of LM prevalence rsquo;s in aged 3-12 years in the last 50 years and the effect of milk and dairy product exposure. Method: Cross-sectional design. 174 healthy children aged 3-12 years old were undergone hydrogen breath test and interviewed. Result: Prevalence LM at aged 3-5 years was 20.8 and 35.3 at 6-12 years. In group 3-5 years, no association between prevalence and milk consumption habits p=1, p"

"Latar belakang: Di Indonesia praktik bayi FIV telah berkembang cukup pesat di berbagai klinik dan Rumah Sakit. Namun begitu, belum ada studi terkait luaran pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada bayi FIV. Tujuan:Mengetahui dan menganalisis profil tumbuh kembang dan hubungan luaran anak usia 0-3 tahun hasil kehamilan FIV dibandingkan hasil kehamilan alami. Metode:Studi potong lintang digunakan untuk menggambarkan data karakterstik, luaran pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, serta morbiditas. Kemudian dilakukan kohort retrospektif pertumbuhan anak sejak lahir sampai usia saat pemeriksaan pada kelompok anak usia 0-3 tahun. Hasil: Tren BB, PB/TB, dan LK antara kedua kelompok cenderung sama sampai usia 30 bulan, usia 15 bulan, dan usia 24 bulan. Uji Capute Scalesdidapatkan hasil gangguan komunikasi pada 9 anak, yaitu 3 anak FIV dan 6 anak non-FIV dengan 66,7% dan 16,7% BBLR late-preterm. Kelompok subjek hasil kehamilan FIV memiliki risiko kehamilan 2,65x multipel dengan nilai interval kepercayaan/IK 1,877-3,762 (p<0,001), risiko seksio sesarean 2,48x nilai IK 1,938-3,190 (p<0,001), 1,8x kelainan kongenital nilai IK 1,296-2,514 (p 0,061),dan risiko ASI tidak eksklusif 2,68x nilai IK1,573-4,593 (p<0,001) dibandingkan kelompok subjek hasil kehamilan alami. Regresi multivariat menunjukkan kelompok subjek FIV memiliki 39,8x risiko kehamilan multipel (p0,001) dan 5x ASI tidak eksklusif (p 0,002) dibandingkan kelompok subjek hasil kehamilan alami. Simpulan:Tren BB, PB/TB, dan LK antara kedua kelompok relatif sama sampai usia tertentu. Gangguan komunikasi cenderung lebih banyak dijumpai pada anak hasil FIV. Anak hasil FIV memiliki risiko lebih tinggi kehamilan multipel, kelahiran SC, kelainan kongenital, dan ASI eksklusif inadekuat dibandingkan anak hasil kehamilan alami.

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Background:The IVF practice has been well developed in a number of health facilities and hospitals in Indonesia. However, the growth and development in children conceived from IVF have not yet been studied. Objective:To understand and analyze the growth and development profile of children aged 0-3 years conceived through IVF method compared to spontaneous pregnancy. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the characteristic, growth and development profile, and morbidities data. Retrospective cohort study on growth data from birth to current age was also performed. Results:The trend of body weight, body length/height and head circumference between the two groups tend to be similar up to 30 months, 15 months, and 24 months of age. Capute Scales test depicted communication disorders in 9 children consisted of 3 IVF and 6 non-IVF children with 66.7% and 16.7%, respectively, were LBW late-preterm. Subjects with IVF had 2.65x higher risk of multiple pregnancies with CI 1.877-3.762 (p<0.001), 2.48x higher risks of SC labour 2.48x CI 1.938-3.190 (p<0.001), risks of congenital anomalies 1.8x CI 1.296-2.514 (p 0.061) and risks of inadequate breast feeding 2.68x CI 1.573-4.593 (p<0.001) than non-IVF subjects. Multivariate regression showed that IVF subjects had higher risks of multiple pregnancy 39.8x (p 0.001) and inadequate breast feeding 5x (p 0.002) than non-IVF subjects. Conclusion:The trend of body weight, body length/height and head circumference between the two groups are relatively similar up to a certain age. Communication disorders are found higher in IVF subjects. Subjects with IVF pregnancy also had higher risks of multiple pregnancies, SC labour, congenital anomalies, and inadequate breast feeding compared to non-IVF subjects."

"Latar belakang: Enterokolitis nekrotikans EKN merupakan inflamasi pada saluran cerna yang sering terjadi pada bayi prematur. Lactobacillus reuteri merupakan mikroorganisme hidup yang dilaporkan dapat mencegah kejadian EKN, intoleransi minum dan menurunkan angka mortalitas. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi kejadian EKN pada bayi prematur yang mendapat Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 dan sekunder kejadian sepsis, intoleransi minum, waktu mencapai full feeding, lama hari perawatan, efek samping dan kematian. Metode: Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda membandingkan pemberian Lactobacillus reuteri dengan plasebo pada neonatus usia gestasi 28-34 minggu dan berat lahir 1000-1800 gram di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 47 subjek. Hasil: Kejadian EKN stadium 2 dan 3 didapatkan 3 subjek 6,4 pada kelompok plasebo dan tidak ada ada pada kelompok probiotik RR 1,07 IK 95 0,99-1,15, p=0,24 . Intoleransi minum berupa muntah, kembung, atau keduanya lebih rendah pada kelompok probiotik dibandingkan plasebo 8,5 vs. 25,5 , RR 0,33 IK 95 0,12-0,96, p=0,03 . Proven sepsis pada kelompok probiotik dan plasebo tidak berbeda bermakna 2,1 vs. 6,4 , p=0,62 . Waktu mencapai full feeding dan lama perawatan tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Efek samping yang diobservasi berupa diare tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok 2,1 vs. 4,3 , p=1,00 . Kematian tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok 2,1 vs. 8,5 , p=0,36. Simpulan: Kejadian EKN terjadi pada kelompok plasebo sebesar 6,4 dan tidak ada pada kelompok probiotik. Intoleransi minum secara bermakna lebih rendah pada kelompok probiotik dibandingkan plasebo. Luaran sekunder proven sepsis, waktu mencapai full feeding, lama perawatan, efek samping diare dan kematian tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok.

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Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis NEC is an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that often occurs in preterm infants. Lactobacillus reuteri is a living microorganism that has been reported to prevent NEC.

Objectives: Identify the NEC prevalence in preterm infants receiving Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 with secondary outcomes including sepsis, feeding intolerance, time to reach full feeding, length of stay, adverse effects, and mortality.

Methods: Double blind randomized controlled trial of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 versus placebo in 28 34 weeks of gestational neonates and birth weight 1000 1800 grams at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Each group consisted of 47 subjects.

Results The prevalence of NEC stages 2 and 3 were found in three subjects 6,4 of the placebo whereas none occurred in the probiotic RR 1.07, 95 CI 0.99 1.15, p 0.24 . Feeding intolerance vomiting, distension, or both were found to be lower in the probiotic compared to the placebo 8.5 vs 25.5 RR 0.33 95 CI 0.12 0.96, p 0.03. No significant differences were found between both groups for the proven sepsis, time to reach full feeding, length of stay, and adverse effects of diarrhea. Mortality rates were 2.1 in the probiotic and 8.5 in the placebo, p 0.36.

Conclusion 6,4 of the placebo group experienced NEC whereas none occurred in the probiotic group. Feeding intolerance was found to be significantly lower in the group receiving probiotics compared to the placebo group. Secondary outcomes including proven sepsis, time to reach full feeding, length of stay, adverse effect diarrhea , and mortality were also not found to be significantly different between both trial groups."